直翅目虫草（肉座菌目）：物种多样性及其与寄主的关系（英文）

迄今为止,以直翅目昆虫为寄主的虫草共报道25种,本研究详细介绍了它们的种类、寄主与分布,并给出了相关的分类学注释。ITS和tef1-α基因联合数据的分子系统发育显示,直翅目虫草分别隶属于白僵菌属Beauveria、绿僵菌属Metarhizium和线虫草属Ophiocordyceps 3个属。基于直翅目昆虫六大类群的生态习性特点,分析并讨论了直翅目虫草物种多样性与寄主的关系。以两种白僵菌Beauveria及戴氏虫草Metacordyceps taii(贵州绿僵菌Metarhizium guizhouense的异名)为例,介绍了虫草的根状菌索,一种介于子实体和孢梗束形体之间的根须状结构。种类修订:蟋螽白僵菌新组合Beauveria grylli comb.nov.≡蟋蟀虫草Cordyceps grylli=Beauveria loeiensis,Beauveria kirkii comb.nov.≡Cordyceps kirkii。寄主更正:蟋螽白僵菌的寄主由原来的蟋蟀成虫(蟋蟀科Gryllidae)更正为螽斯(蟋螽)若虫(蟋螽科Gryllacrididae),蟋蟀线虫草Ophiocordycepstettigonia寄主由原来的螽斯成虫(螽斯科Tettigoniidae:螽斯属Tettigonia)更正为蟋蟀成虫(蟋蟀科)。     

肉座菌目一新科（英文）

在吉林、河南和湖北等地大蚕蛾科昆虫的虫茧上发现一种肉座菌目真菌,其子实体非子座型,子囊壳表生、肉质、梨形、淡橙色,子囊长柱形、具帽状加厚的顶端和细长的顶孔,子囊孢子线形、多分隔、易断裂。ITS、LSU、SSU多基因序列分析的结果表明,它属于肉座菌目,并与Flammocladiaceae和线虫草科Ophiocordycipitaceae系统发育关系略近。形态学与序列分析的结果支持将其处理为一新属(茧壳菌属Cocoonihabitus)中的一个新种(茧壳菌Cocoonihabitus sinensis),并代表了该目的一个新科(茧壳菌科Cocoonihabitaceae)。     

中国啼蟋属一新纪录种（直翅目：蟋蟀科）

报道中国啼蟋属Trelleora Gorochov 1新纪录种:褐啼蟋T.fumosa Gorochov,1988,对其进行了详细描述并提供了相关特征图。研究材料保存于河北大学博物馆。     

肉座菌目3个中国新记录种（英文）

报道了来自黑龙江和广东的肉座菌目3个中国新记录种:异梗枝穗霉Clonostachys impariphialis、罗斯曼枝穗霉C.rossmaniae和原肉座菌Protocrea farinosa。对其宏观和微观特征进行了描述和图示,对我国材料与上述种的原始描述进行了比较,并利用ITS和28S r DNA的序列比对为准确鉴定提供了依据。此外,首次在大陆地区报道密集枝穗霉C.compactiuscula和大孔光壳Stilbocrea macrostoma并发现黄壳Ochronectria calami在广东分布。[中文摘要附注:Clonostachys属的汉名首次在综述性文章"真菌杀线虫代谢物的研究进展"中引证国外文献时提及,被译为"螺旋聚孢属"(董锦艳等2001)。随后,在作为中国新记录属发表时,文章题目将其译为"枝穗霉属"(Gao et al.2008)。考虑到后者是第一次根据我国材料对该类群进行分类学研究时提供的汉名,其译法体现了属的形态学特征,因此本文采用后一种译名作为该属的名称,并建议永久使用。]     

云南巨蜥类物种多样性及其生境习性和现状的初步调查

巨蜥是世界上现存的一类最大的蜥蜴,隶爬行纲巨蜥科Varanidae,仅1科1属(Varanus)约36种,分布于澳洲、亚洲南部和非洲。中国历来记载仅有一种——V.salvator。然而,调查表明在云南边境地区实际分布着3种巨蜥,除V.salvator外,尚有V.irrawadicus和V.vietnamensis。本文讨论了这3种巨蜥的有效性,简要地报道了它们的生境、习性和生存现状,并就保护问题提出参考意见。     

中国盗蛛科盗蛛属（蜘蛛目）的分类研究Ⅰ

记述中国盗蛛科盗蛛属６种蜘蛛（其中包括３新种）：锚盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ａｎｃｏｒａ Ｐａｉｋ,１９６９、双角盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ｂｉｃｏｒｍｉｓ Ｚｈａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｓｏｎｇ,１９９２（＝提灯盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ｌａｎｔａｎｕｓ Ｗａｎｇ,１９９３,新异名）、立志盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ｌｉｚｈｉｉ ｓｐ．ｍｏｖ．、奇异盗蛛Ｐｉｓａｕｒａ ｍｉｒａｂｉｌｉｓ（Ｃｌｅｒｃｋ,１７５７）、宋氏资蛛Ｐｉｓａｕ     

软齿菌属（红姑目，担子菌纲）小记

本文对世界范围内的软齿菌属种类进行了研究,并发现无囊软齿菌Dentipellis acystidiatata为一新种,且对该种进行了详细描述。该种的主要特征是子实层体齿状、单系菌丝系统、无囊状体和胶化菌丝、担孢子小(4.1-5.2×2.4-3.2μm)、表面粗糙、具淀粉质反应。对软齿菌属的种类进行了总结,并给出了该属所有种类的检索表。     

座囊菌目及相关类群属间关系的系统学初探

本研究对座囊菌纲部分类群的18S和28SnrDNA部分序列片段进行分析,探讨它们属间的系统学关系。邻接法和简约法分析结果显示,座囊菌纲供试类群为单起源,形成三个独立的分支并获得较强的支持率,分别代表座囊菌目、葡萄座腔菌目和格孢腔菌目。结果还显示,座囊菌纲中分类地位不确定的属Macrovalsaria与Botryosphaeria的关系相对接近,应该归于葡萄座腔菌目;历史上分类地位有疑问的Neopeckia和Dothidotthia两个属处于不同的目中,前者属于座囊菌目,后者为葡萄座腔菌目的成员;座囊菌目的Plowrightia属并非单系群,该属成员分别与Dothidea、Neopeckia和Sydowia三个属聚类在一起;现行的Botryosphaeria属也非单系群,其属的概念有待澄清。格孢腔菌目参试的7个属形成一个单系群,但属间的支持率非常低,表明它们应该在较高的分类等级上予以区分;序列分析的结果支持了基于形态学特征将Phragmogibbera纳入格孢腔菌目的分类观点。     

横断山区南段多孔菌的多样性与区系成分分析

多孔菌是大型真菌的主要类群之一,具有重要的生态功能与经济价值。本文通过野外调查研究,对横断山区南段的多孔菌进行了物种多样性和区系成分分析,发现横断山区南段的多孔菌具有较高的多样性。该地区共发现多孔菌270种,隶属于担子菌门伞菌纲的8个目29个科111个属。优势科为多孔菌科Polyporaceae、锈革孔菌科Hymenochaetaceae、拟层孔菌科Fomitopsidaceae、刺孢齿耳菌科Steccherinaceae和耳壳菌科Dacryobolaceae 5个科,优势属为木层孔菌属Phellinus、栓孔菌属Trametes、嗜蓝孢孔菌属Fomitiporia、集毛菌属Coltricia、硬孔菌属Rigidoporus、蓝孔菌属Cyanosporus、多年卧孔菌属Perenniporia、褐孔菌属Fuscoporia、干皮孔菌属Skeletocutis、灵芝属Ganoderma、异担子菌属Heterobasidion、地花菌属Albatrellus、波斯特孔菌属Postia和附毛孔菌属Trichaptum 14个属。种的区系地理成分可分为8类,其中种类数量最多的是北温带成分,表明横断山区南段多孔菌具有明显的北温带区系特征。该地区多孔菌有腐生菌241种,占89.26%;寄生菌14种,占5.19%;共生菌15种,占5.55%。在寄主方面,横断山区南段多孔菌只能生长在被子植物上的有121种,只能生长在裸子植物上的有98种,能同时在被子植物和裸子植物上生长的有51种。     

中国奇螽属的分类研究（直翅目：露螽科）

本文对中国奇螽属的种类进行了研究,并记述2新种, 即双刺奇螽Mirollia bispina sp. nov.和多齿奇螽Mirollia multidentus sp.nov.。模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

粗股蚱Tetrix grossifemura Zheng & Jiang雌性的首次发现（直翅目：蚱总科）

首次记述粗股蚱Tetrix grossifemura ZhengJiang,1997的雌性,研究标本保存于河池学院化学与生物工程学院标本室。     

中国蚱属一新种记述（直翅目：蚱科：蚱亚科）

记述蚱属1新种:苍山蚱Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.,提供了新种的形态特征照片图.苍山蚱Tetrix cangshanensis sp.nov.与拟二斑蚱T.parabipunctata Zheng&Ou,2004和二斑蚱T.bipunctata(Linnaeus,1758)相似,但以直的颜面隆起,较高的触角着生位置和直的前胸背板前缘区别于后二者,同时以较短的后翅区别于拟二斑蚱;还以较狭的颜面隆起纵沟,向内收缩的沟前区侧隆线和波曲的中足股节下缘区别于二斑蚱.     

河南蚱属二新种记述(直翅目:蚱科)

记述采自河南省蚱科二新种,即鸡公山蚱Tetrix jigongshanensis sp. nov.和突背蚱Tetrix glochinota sp. nov..鸡公山蚱近似于凹额蚱Tetrix cavifrontalis Liang, 1998, 主要区别为:1)头顶前缘平直;2)侧面观,头顶与额面隆起呈钝角形;3)侧面观,额面隆在侧单眼前直,不凹陷;4)侧观,前胸背板上缘呈弧形;5)前胸背板前缘钝角形突出;6)后突到达后足股节中部;7)后翅略不到达后突顶端;8)中足股节明显宽于前翅宽.突背蚱近似于仿蚱Tetrix simulans(B.-Bienko, 1929)及云龙蚱Tetrix yunlongensis Zheng et Mao, 2002, 其与二者的区别为:1)头顶前缘平直;2)侧面观,背板上缘前半部球形突出,后半段平直;3)后突到达后足股节顶端.其区别于前者为:1)侧面观,额面隆起在侧单眼前凹陷;2)中足股节宽于前翅等宽.其区别于后者为头顶宽为一眼宽的1.7倍.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室.     

Effect of host plant on susceptibility of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)

We determined host plant effect on susceptibility of whitefly Bemisia tabaci to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana under controlled conditions. Insects were reared on cucumber, eggplant, tomato or cabbage. Fungal suspensions of 1×10⁴, 10⁵, 10⁶, 10⁷ and 10⁸ conidia/mL were applied on second-instar nymphs. Nymphal survival significantly differed among different host plant species on which the nymphs were reared. Ten days after inoculation with 1×10⁸ conidia/mL, percent survival was 4.2±0.7, 9.6±0.4, 13.4±0.8, and 24.3±0.9% on cucumber, eggplant, tomato and cabbage, respectively. Average survival times of nymphs were also significantly influenced by host plant species. After inoculation with 1×10⁸ conidia/mL, survival times were 4.8±0.15, 6.0±0.11, 5.7±0.13, and 6.2±0.08 days for nymphs reared on cucumber, eggplant, tomato, and cabbage, respectively. Virulence also differed depending on host plant species; 10 days after inoculation, LC₅₀ values were 4.6×10⁴, 1.6×10⁵, 4.2×10⁵ and 2.1×10⁶ conidia/mL on cucumber, eggplant, tomato and cabbage, respectively. Nymphs on cucumber showed highest susceptibility.     

Susceptibility of Bufonacris claraziana (Orthoptera: Tristiridae) to Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) under controlled conditions

Bufonacris claraziana outbreaks, an endemic grasshopper of Argentinian Patagonia, are a recurrent phenomenon in that region, causing severe damage to forage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of B. claraziana to different strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana under laboratory conditions. The strains tested were LPSc 1225, LPSc 1226, and LPSc 1227. Percentage of mortality was 100% for all three strains, a significant difference was registered with the control where mortality was from 26.66?±?2.76%. Results obtained represent a first contribution on the use of an entomopathogenic microorganism as a potential biocontrol agent of this species.     

Monograph of the Afrotropical species of Scelio Latreille (Hymenoptera,Platygastridae), egg parasitoids of acridid grasshoppers (Orthoptera,Acrididae)

The genus Scelio is a cosmopolitan and speciose group of solitary parasitoids of the eggs of short-horned grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). A number of these hosts are important pests, including plague locusts of the genus Schistocerca. Species of Scelio are recognized as potentially important biological control agents, but this possibility has yet to be fully realized, in part because the species-level taxonomy is still incompletely developed. The species of the pulchripennis group have been recently revised. As a continuation of this effort, here we revise the Afrotropical species of Scelio, excluding the pulchripennis species group. Sixty two (62) species are treated, 48 of which are new. Species are classified into the following species groups: ernstii (12 species, 9 new), howardi (23 species, 19 new), ipomeae (6 species, 5 new), irwini (4 species, 3 new), simoni (3 new species) and walkeri (12 species, 9 new). Keys to species groups and to the species within each group are provided. New species described are: S. albatus Yoder, sp. n., S. aphares Yoder, sp. n., S. apospastos Yoder, sp. n., S. ardelio Yoder, sp. n., S. aurantium Yoder, sp. n., S. balo Valerio & Yoder, sp. n., S. bayanga Yoder, sp. n., S. bubulo Yoder, sp. n., S. cano Yoder, sp. n., S. clypeatus Yoder, sp. n., S. concavus Yoder, sp. n., S. copelandi Yoder, sp. n., S. crepo Yoder, sp. n., S. destico Yoder, sp. n., S. dupondi Yoder, sp. n., S. effervesco Yoder, sp. n., S. erugatus Yoder, sp. n., S. exophthalmus Yoder, sp. n., S. fremo Valerio & Yoder, sp. n., S. gemo Yoder, sp. n., S. grunnio Yoder, sp. n., S. harinhalai Yoder, sp. n., S. igland Yoder, sp. n., S. impostor Yoder, sp. n., S. irwini Yoder, sp. n., S. janseni Yoder, sp. n., S. latro Yoder, sp. n., S. memorabilis Yoder, sp. n., S. modulus Yoder, sp. n., S. mutio Yoder, sp. n., S. ntchisii Yoder, sp. n., S. parkeri Yoder, sp. n., S. phaeoprora Yoder, sp. n., S. pilosilatus Yoder, sp. n., S. pipilo Yoder, sp. n., S. quasiclypeatus Yoder, sp. n., S. retifrons Yoder, sp. n., S. ructo Yoder, sp. n., S. scomma Yoder, sp. n., S. simoni Yoder, sp. n., S. simonolus Yoder, sp. n., S. somaliensis Yoder, sp. n., S. susurro Yoder, sp. n., S. tono Yoder, sp. n., S. transtrum Yoder, sp. n., S. tritus Yoder, sp. n., S. ululo Yoder, sp. n., S. vannoorti Valerio & Yoder, sp. n. The following species are redescribed: S. afer Kieffer, S. chapmani Nixon, S. howardi Crawford, S. ipomeae Risbec, stat. n., S. mauritanicus Risbec, S. philippinensis Ashmead, S. remaudierei Ferrière, S. striatus Priesner,S. taylori Nixon, and S. zolotarevskyi Ferrière. The genus Lepidoscelio Kieffer is treated as a junior synonym of Scelio Latreille, syn. n.; its type species, Lepidoscelio fuscipennis Kieffer, 1905 is transferred to Scelio, renamed Scelio obscuripennis Johnson, nom. n. (preoccupied by Scelio fuscipennis Ashmead, 1887), and redescribed. The following additional species are transferred from Lepidoscelio to Scelio: S. cayennensis (Risbec), comb. n., S. insularis Ashmead, rev. comb., S. luteus (Cameron), comb. n., S. thoracicus Ashmead, rev. comb. Lectotypes are designated for S. africanus Risbec, S. ipomeae Risbec, S. mauritanicus Risbec, S. remaudierei Ferrière, S. sudanensis Ferrière, and S. zolotarevskyi Ferrière. Scelio gaudens Nixon is a junior synonym of Scelio striatus Priesner, syn. n.; Scelio africanus Risbec and Scelio clarus Fouts are both junior synonyms of Scelio afer Kieffer, syn. n.; Scelio sudanensis Ferrière and Scelio cheops Nixon are both junior synonyms of Scelio zolotarevskyi Ferrière, syn. n.; Scelio cahirensis Priesner is a junior synonym of Scelio mauritanicus Risbec, syn. n. The name Scelio chapmanni Nixon is an incorrect original spelling, requiring an emendation to S. chapmani. Digital versions of the identification keys are available at http://www.waspweb.org/Platygastroidea/Keys/index.htm     

Potential of a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) as a biological control agent against western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Five Beauveria bassiana strains were evaluated for control of western flower thrips. Strain RSB was the most virulent, causing 69–96% mortality at concentrations of 1×10⁴–1×10⁷ conidia mL^?1, 10 days after inoculation of first instars. In greenhouse trials, RSB applied to broccoli foliage significantly reduced adult and larval populations.     

寄生于裂褶菌上的菌寄生属一新种

安徽天马自然保护区一种植物的树干被裂褶菌Schizophyllum sp. 寄生,而裂褶菌的子实体又被另一真菌寄生。这一重寄生真菌的子囊壳为橙黄色,埋生或者半埋生于橙黄色的菌丝层中,菌丝层在3% KOH水溶液中变为紫色;该种的子囊孢子近梭形,具一个分隔,表面被疣状纹饰,13–16.5×3.2–4μm。它与近似种在形态学和rDNA ITS片段的序列上差异显著,是菌寄生属的一个新种,被命名为中国菌寄生Hypomyces sinicus。