水分胁迫对小麦根质膜H^＋—ATPase活性与H^＋分泌的影响

在渗透势为－０．５和－１．０ＭＰａ ＰＥＧ处理下,不抗旱的郑引一号小麦根ＰＭＨ＾＋－－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性分别为下降４５％和６５％,抗旱品种陕合六号则增加了１１％和１２％。小麦根组织Ｈ＾＋分泌与ＰＭＨ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的变化趋势基本一致,即随着胁强增加,郑引一号Ｈ＾＋分泌下降,陕合六号Ｈ＾＋分泌是先升高后略降。Ｎａ３ＶＯ４和ＤＣＣＤ对Ｈ＾＋分泌有不同程度的抑制,品种之间没有明显的差异。外源电子受体     

水分胁迫对小麦根质膜H~＋－ATPase活性与H~＋分泌的影响

在渗透势为－０．５和－１．０ＭＰａＰＥＧ处理下,不抗旱的郑引一号小麦根ＰＭＨ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性分别下降４５％和６５％,抗旱品种陕合六号则增加了１１％和１２％。小麦根组织Ｈ＋分泌与ＰＭＨ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的变化趋势基本一致,即随着胁强增加,郑引一号Ｈ＋分泌下降,陕合六号Ｈ＋分泌是先升高后略降。Ｎａ３ＶＯ４和ＤＣＣＤ对Ｈ＋分泌有不同程度的抑制,品种之间没有明显的差异。外源电子受体Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６３－的加入促进了小麦根Ｈ＋分泌,陕合六号增加２５％－３９％,郑引一号增加２１％－４５％。与此同时,Ｎａ３ＶＯ４没有表现出对Ｈ＋分泌的抑制作用。     

家蝇体内卵对CAT的摄入和传代的观察

家蝇体内卵对ＣＡＴ的摄入和传代的观察ＩＮＴＡＫＩＮＧＡＮＤＴＲＡＮＳＭＩＳＳＩＯＮＯＦＩＮＪＥＣＴＥＤＣＡＴＧＥＮＥＢＹＨＯＵＳＥＦＬＹＥＧＧＳ关键词ＣＡＴ基因,家蝇,腹腔注射,基因转移ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＣＡＴ－ｇｅｎｅ,Ｈｏｕｓｅｆｌｙ,Ａｂｄｏｍｉ...     

应用放射性自显影技术检测外源DNA与鸡精子的结合

应用放射性自显影技术检测外源ＤＮＡ与鸡精子的结合ＤＥＴＥＣＴＩＮＧＡＳＳＯＣＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＸＯＧＥＮＯＵＳＤＮＡＷＩＴＨＣＨＩＣＫＥＮＳＰＥＲＭＵＳＩＮＧＡＵＴＯＲＡＤＩＯＧＲＡＰＨＹ关键词鸡，精子，脂质体，ＤＮＡ与精子的结合ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＣｈ...     

烟草Z诱导株的生长及开花

烟草Ｚ诱导株的生长及开花姚坤林,孟繁静（北京农大生物学院,北京１０００９４）ＧＲＯＷＴＨＡＮＤＦＬＯＷＥＩＮＧＯＦＴＨＥＲＥＧＥＮＥＲＡＴＥＤＰＬＡＮＴＳＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＢＹＺＥＡＲＡＬＥＮＯＮＥ￥ＹａｏＫｕｎ－ｌｉｎ;ＭｅｎｇＦａｎ－Ｊｉｎｇ（Ｃｏｌ...     

用蛋白质工程方法改变葡萄糖异构酶最适pH和最适温度

用寡核苷酸诱导的定点突变方法构建了葡萄糖异构酶基因的突变体（Ｎ１８４Ｄ和Ａ１９８Ｃ）。含突变体的重组质粒ｐＴＫＤ－ＧＩ１（Ｎ１８４Ｄ）和ｐＴＫＤ－ＧＩ２（Ａ１９８ｃ）在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＫ３８菌株中表达,用ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＦＦ和Ｓｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌ Ｓ－３００ＨＲ柱层析分离纯化突变酶。与野生型葡萄糖异构酶比较实验表明：（１）突变酶Ｎ１８４Ｄ的最适ｐＨ值下降了１个单位;等电点下降了０．６个单位     

非诱导光周期对植物开花的抑制作用

非诱导光周期对植物开花的抑制作用范国强＊谭克辉（中国科学院植物研究所,北京,１０００９３）ＩＮＨＩＢＴＯＲＹＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＮＯＮ┐ＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＰＨＯＴＯ┐ＰＥＲＩＯＤＯＮＰＬＡＮＴＦＬＯＷＥＲＩＮＧＦａｎＧｕｏ－ｑｉａｎｇＴａｎＫｅ－ｈｕｉ（Ｉ...     

全球气候变化与水稻

全球气候变化与水稻林伟宏,白克智,匡廷云（中国科学院植物研究所,北京,１０００４４）ＧＬＯＢＡＬＣＬＩＭＡＴＥＣＨＡＮＧＥＡＮＤＲＩＣＥＬｉｎＷｅｉ－ｈｏｎｇ;ＢａｉＫｅ－ｚｈｉ;ＫｕａｎｇＴｉｎｇ－ｙｕｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,Ａｃａ...     

构建基因工程菌发酵产生维生素C的前体2-酮基-L-古龙酸

从棒状杆菌ＳＣＢ３０５８克隆得到两个２,５－ＤＫＧ＾＊＊还原酶基因后,构建了两个能够表达２,５－ＤＫＧ还原酶的基因工程大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）ＰＥＴ９ａⅡ和ＤＨ５α（ｐＢＬ４）和一个基因工程欧文氏菌ＥＲ９７。２,５－ＤＫＧ还原酶基因分别受控于ＰＬ或Ｔ７启动子,通过加入ＩＰＴＧ或提高温度进行诱导,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和酶活测定确定它们在诱导后得到了高表达,用细胞抽提液在加入辅酶ＮＡＤＰＨ的体外实验中转     

饲料能量浓度与蛋白质水平对梅花鹿生长的影响

饲料能量浓度与蛋白质水平对梅花鹿生长的影响ＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＦＥＮＥＲＧＹＤＥＮＳＩＴＹＡＮＤＰＲＯＴＥＩＮＬＥＶＥＬＯＦＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＥＤＦＥＥＤＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＦＳＩＫＡＤＥＥＲ梅花鹿（Ｃｅｒｖｕｓｎｉｐｐｏｎ）为重要的经济动物之一,...     

Changes of dehydrin profiles induced by drought in winter wheat at different developmental stages

Two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differing in their drought tolerance (KTC86211 and ND7532) were subjected to a progressive soil water stress and recovery at four developmental stages. Dehydrins with molecular masses of 45 and 37 kDa were constitutively accumulated during all stages in both genotypes. The 28 kDa dehydrin accumulated exclusively at seedling stage in both genotypes. The 49 and 40 kDa dehydrins accumulated at both tillering and jointing stages but showed a genotype-specific pattern. The content of most dehydrins increased with decreased soil moisture and then decreased during recovery. These results suggest that accumulation pattern of dehydrins during water stress was related to the genotype and developmental stage.     

渗透胁迫下小麦叶片蛋白质合成与降解的示踪研究

渗透胁迫降低了叶片、特别是生长叶片蛋白质中固定~(14)CO_2及由根系吸收的~(14)C-Gly的掺入率,但同等程度胁迫处理,抗旱品种的掺入率降低幅度小于敏感品种;轻度胁迫后复水,抗旱品种生长叶蛋白质的放射性高于对照,而敏感品种仍低于对照。Poly(A~+)-mRNA的体外翻译测定证明,胁迫时蛋白质合成能力降低的主要原因是Poly(A~+)-mRNA翻译活性的降低。渗透胁迫也促进了叶片蛋白质降解,但与蛋白质合成不同,在成熟叶片中表现得更突出。     

水分胁迫对冬小麦CO_2同化作用的影响

比较了两个小麦品种陕合6号和郑引1号经受不同程度的水分胁迫处理后,叶片多种光合参数:净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、细胞间隙CO_2浓度(G_i)、表观量子需要量和羧化效率以及Rubis CO蛋白量与活性等的变化。在轻度水分胁迫下,叶片光合速率降低的根本原因在于气孔导度的下降;而在严重胁迫下,非气孔因素起主要作用。     

干旱低磷胁迫对不同品种小麦根系导水率的影响

控制磷素水平,采用控制灌水量(正常供水、中度及重度干旱胁迫)的盆栽试验法,选择抗旱性小麦品种陕合6号(W1)和水分敏感型品种郑引1号(W2)为供试材料。用压力室法测定了三叶期的两品种小麦根系导水率(LPr)的变化规律。结果表明：陕合6号,在有磷正常供水处理( PH)下具有较高的导水率,干旱胁迫时LPr降低较少,且复水后有较强的恢复能力。郑引1号, PH的LPr值相对较小,干旱导致的根系导水率下降非常突出,复水后的恢复能力也较弱。另外,干旱胁迫对小麦苗期根系导水率的影响大于磷胁迫对其导水率的影响,且两品种小麦无磷止常供水处理(-PH)的LPr分别为 PH的31．9%和53．6％,即磷对前者LPr的影响大于后者。     

Development and Characterization of a Nonmorphogenetic Cell Line of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

This study was conducted to compare characteristics of a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cell line to those of the maize (Zea mays L.) black Mexican sweet (BMS) cell line and to compare protoplasts isolated from suspension cells of these cell lines. The wheat cell line was established from immature-embryo derived callus of the experimental line ‘ND7532’ and was conditioned for growth in suspension culture. For both cell lines, measurements of packed cell volume (PCV), fresh weight (FW), and dry weight (DW) were taken at 3 day intervals from suspension cultures. Measurements of FW of calluses cultured from suspension cells of both cell lines were taken at 6 day intervals. The morphogenetic potential of the wheat ND7532 cell line was tested in both callus and suspension cultures using media promoting regeneration and/or organogenesis. Growth rates of ND7532 cells in suspension culture were comparable to those of BMS cells. However, relative growth rates of calluses recovered from ND7532 suspension cells were slower than those of calluses recovered from BMS suspension cells. The ND7532 cell line has very limited morphogenetic potential and has been maintained as rapidly growing callus tissue for 11 years. Yields of protoplasts from suspension cells of the two cell lines were comparable, though ND7532 protoplasts were typically smaller. The wheat cell line has is now designated ND7532-NM (nonmorphogenetic) and is available for cellular and molecular biology research.     

干旱胁迫对紫花苜蓿黄酮类化合物含量及其合成途径关键酶活性的影响

以3个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种为试验材料,利用不同浓度(0、5%、10%、15％、20%、25%)的PEG 6000溶液模拟干旱胁迫,探究干旱胁迫对不同品种紫花苜蓿黄酮类化合物合成上游3个关键酶活性以及黄酮类化合物含量的影响。结果表明：(1)随着PEG 6000胁迫浓度的增加,3种紫花苜蓿叶片中PAL(苯丙氨酸解氨酶)、C4H(肉桂酸 4 羟基化酶)和4CL(4 香豆酸辅酶A连接酶)活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,但不同酶类之间响应存在差异,即PAL活性在10% PEG 6000胁迫浓度下最高,C4H和4CL活性则在15% PEG 6000胁迫浓度下最高,且均显著高于相应对照。(2)3种紫花苜蓿植株地上部总黄酮含量和8种黄酮类化合物含量均随着PEG 6000胁迫浓度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,且均在10%~15% PEG 6000胁迫浓度时达到最高值,并显著高于相应对照。(3)各品种紫花苜蓿叶片黄酮类化合物含量与其关键酶活性呈不同程度的相关性,即紫花苜蓿黄酮类化合物合成途径上游3个关键酶活性与其地上部黄酮类化合物含量存在密切的关系。研究认为,不同程度的干旱胁迫可以通过促进黄酮类化合物合成途径上游关键酶活性的变化来调节紫花苜蓿植株中黄酮类化合物的合成,且适度干旱胁迫能显著促进相关酶活性增强和黄酮类化合物含量增加。     

Drought-induced root aerenchyma formation restricts water uptake in rice seedlings supplied with nitrate

Previous studies demonstrated that ammonium nutrition results in higher water uptake rate than does nitrate nutrition under water stress, and thus enhances the tolerance of rice plants to water stress. However, the process by which water uptake is related to nitrogen form under water stress remains unknown. A hydroponic experiment with simulated water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) was conducted in a greenhouse to study the relationship between root aerenchyma formation and water uptake rate, such as xylem sap flow rate and hydraulic conductance, in two different rice cultivars (cv. 'Shanyou 63' hybrid indica and cv. 'Yangdao 6' indica, China). The results showed that root aerenchyma tissue increased in water-stressed plants of both cultivars fed by nitrate. No significant difference was found in root hydraulic conductivity and/or xylem sap flow rate between the two rice cultivars fed by ammonium regardless of water status, whereas these parameters decreased significantly in water-stressed plants fed by nitrate. It was concluded that aerenchyma that formed in the root cortex impeded the radial transport of water in the root cylinder and decreased water uptake in water-stressed rice plants fed by nitrate. Water transport occurred mainly through Hg-sensitive water channels in rice roots supplied with ammonium.     

Thermal stress evaluation of suspension cell cultures in winter wheat

Summary The objectives of this study were to compare thermotolerance in whole plants vs. suspension cell cultures of winter wheat, and to evaluate the synthesis of heat shock proteins in relation to genotypic differences in thermotolerance in suspension cells. Whole plant genetic differences in the development of heat tolerance were identified for three wheat genotypes (ND 7532, KS 75210 and TAM 101). Suspension cell cultures of these genotypes were used to evaluatein vitro response to heat stress. Viability tests by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) and by fluorescein diacetate (FD) were utilized to determine the relationship of cellular response to heat stress (37°C/24 h, 50°C/1h). KS 75210 and ND 7532 are relatively heat susceptible. TAM 101 is heat tolerant. Both tests at the cellular level were similar to the whole plant response. Thus, cellular selection for enhancing heat tolerance seems feasible. Heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis of two genotypes, ND 7532 and TAM 101 were determined for suspension cultured cells. In suspension cultures, HSPs of molecular weight 16 and 17 kD were found to be synthesized at higher levels in the heat tolerant genotype (TAM 101) than the susceptible genotype (ND 7532), both at 34° and 37°C treatments for 2 hours and 5 hours. HSP 22 kD was synthesized more at 34°C for TAM 101 than ND 7532, but not at 37°C; whereas, HSP 33 kD was synthesized at 37°C at similar abundance for both genotypes, but not at 34°C.These results indicated that there is a differential expression of HSP genes in wheat suspension cells at different temperature stress durations and between heat tolerant and heat susceptible genotypes. It appears that the levels of synthesis of HSPs 16 and 17 kD are correlated with genotypic differences in thermal tolerance at the cellular level in two genotypes of wheat.     

Differential growth, physiological and biochemical responses of niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) cultivars to water-deficit (drought) stress

The present study demonstrates the effect of polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG) and percent field capacity (FC%)-induced water-deficit stress on growth, water status, productivity and various biochemical parameters in Guizotia abyssinica Cass. cultivars (IGP 76, GA 10, No. 71 and IGPN 2004) at seedling and maturity stages of the plant. Cultivar GA 10 showed higher, IGP 76 and No. 71 moderate, and IGPN 2004 least reduction in percent seed germination given PEG stress treatments (0, 10 and 20%). A similar pattern was observed for decreased growth and water content of the seedlings and plants of the cultivars exposed to both kinds of water-deficit stresses. The productivity (number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitula and 1,000-seed weight) and total chlorophyll content of cultivar IGPN 2004 was significantly higher in comparison to other cultivars given different FC% treatments (100, 80 and 60%). Significantly higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine and total soluble sugars and lower damage to membrane lipids under increased water-deficit stress (i.e., at 80 and 60% FC) conditions in cultivar IGPN 2004 suggested its more tolerance capacity to water-deficit stress in comparison to other cultivars. Besides, antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) partially demonstrated variations in the tolerance of the cultivars to water-deficit stress. The results suggest that cultivar IGPN 2004 could be considered as more tolerant, and IGP 76 and No. 71 as moderately tolerant, whereas GA 10 was more sensitive to water-deficit stress.