Bax基因诱导鼻咽癌细胞中相关基因的mRNA差异显示分析

目的：应用差异显示技术,筛选鼻咽癌相关基因的异常表达。方法：选用连接有bax基因的真核表达质粒pSFFV-bax-neo, 采用脂质体转染法, 将其转染到CNE2细胞中, 以转染有空载的pSFFV-neo 质粒的CNE2细胞为对照, 采用Trizol试剂快速抽取法, 提取mRNA经逆转录成cDNA,用锚式引物和随机引物进行PCR扩增, 加入同位素, 用6%的测序变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上电泳PCR产物进行分离。切下聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上明显的6条差异带, 回收差异cDNA, 进行第二次PCR扩增, 经低溶点琼脂凝胶回收, 获取大量PCR扩增的差异cDNA片段,同位素标记作为探针, 抽取RNA, 进行点样, 杂交, 洗膜放射自显影等步骤, 进行细胞RNA的Northern印迹斑点杂交。结果：表明4条cDNA片段均为CNE2细胞表达片段。结论：发现bax可诱导CNE2细胞中有某些相关基因表达,并抑制了CNE2细胞某些相关基因表达。     

一种简单快速克隆IL-6信号转导相关基因的方法

细胞因子作用于受体时的一个重要结果是诱导基因表达。为了克隆与IL-6诱导相关的基因,我们利用一个快速的改良DD-PCR方法,分离并检测了IL-6诱导和未诱导的U937细胞的差异表达基因。用三个完全变性的6—mer引物进行反转录,用2或3个较长的随机引物进行PCR扩增,扩增产物很在2%琼脂糖凝胶电泳上分离,之后回收差异片段并直接用于克隆和测序。在研究中,获得了7个不同的EST,序列分析表明其中2个EST可能是与细胞信号转导相关的新基因片段;反向Northern杂交证实它们是与IL-6作用相关的差异表达基因。     

RAPD标记技术用于WHBE兔近交系培育中的遗传分析

目的探讨用随机引物扩增多态性DNA技术对大耳白黑眼兔近交系培育中的遗传监测作用。方法选用F4、F5、F6和F7代共70只WHBE兔的皮肤组织样品提取基因组DNA,用60个随机引物对基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,根据电泳结果筛选出其中25个多态性较高的引物进行RAPD-PCR分析,再利用Popgene 3.2统计软件对共检测到的584个扩增片段进行遗传分析,获得实验数据。结果①F4代扩增得到124条片段,F5代扩增得到150条片段,F6扩增得到152条片段,F7代扩增得到158条条带;其中F4代与F5代的共有条带数为105,F5代与F6代的共有条带数为119,F6代与F7代的共有条带数为125。②F4代与F5代的遗传相似度为0.7674,F5代与F6代的遗传相似度为0.7984,F6代与F7代的遗传相似度为0.8092。结论随着WHBE兔近交培育代数的增加,遗传相似度呈上升趋势,说明RAPD技术可以用于WHBE兔近交系培育的遗传检测。     

利用RAPD分子标记对番茄杂交种纯度的鉴定研究

应用RAPD(RandomlyamplifiedpolymorphicDNA)分子标记对番茄京丹1号和毛粉802的F1代杂交种纯度进行鉴定的实验研究。该项研究使用了10个碱基的单随机引物和10个碱基的双随机引物进行扩增。在60个单引物扩增反应中获得7个京丹1号父本特有的核酸标记片段。但在14个双随机引物对京丹1号和毛粉802杂交组合的扩增反应中获得了7个京丹1号F1代杂交种特有的核酸标记片段和5个毛粉802父本特有的标记带。实验结果显示,双引物的扩增反应对鉴定双亲亲缘关系极近的杂交种纯度较单引物扩增反应更有效。其中,京丹1号的14个标记片段在北京蔬菜研究中心,种子纯度检测室又进行了重复扩增实验。实验结果为87%的RAPD标记可以在使用不同的PCR仪和不同来源的Taq酶的实验条件下得到。RAPD分子标记技术对鉴定双亲亲缘关系极近的杂交种纯度是真实可靠的。     

小麦品种Triticum spelta album中抗条锈病基因Yr5的RAPD标记

共用520个10碱基随机引物对小麦抗条锈基因Yr5的近等基因系进行了RAPD分析,发现了3个特异性DNA片段S1496、S14181950与Yr5基因连锁,其中S1496761与Yr5基因紧密连锁,遗传距离为2．7cM。经对特异性DNA片段S1496 761进行克隆,测序,设计了PCR扩增用专化引物SC－S1496 761a和SC－S149676b,用该引物可扩增出与原RAPD引物扩增出的相似的特异DNA片段,由于该引物还可扩增出迁移率极为相近的另1条非特异带,在琼脂糖凝胶上难以分辨,需用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染进行检测,经用F2分离群体及部分相关品种材料检测,已证明该标记的可靠性。     

RAPD技术在志贺菌及沙门菌鉴别中的应用

河南农业大学牧医工程学院杨霞、陈陆、许兰菊等五位科学工作者以鸡鲍氏志贺菌,鸡白痢沙门菌和痢疾志贺菌为对象,分别提取基因组DNA,利用6条随机引物以随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对其基因组DNA进行了分析,其结果：4条随机引物能较好地在这3种菌中检测到多态性分子标记,共扩增出了59个DNA片段,其中3个菌株共有的谱带7条,而显示多态性的片段有52条,占88．1％。     

用改进的DDRT-PCR技术进行人胚差异基因筛选

介绍一种从不同类型细胞或不同生长状态细胞中分离差异表达基因的快速高效mRNA差异显示技术,其特点是利用Ready-To-Go RT-PCR反应珠和Ready-To-Go RAPD分析珠进行mRNA差异显示分析,使取样步骤降至最低程度,减少了潜在的取样误差和外源DNA污染,并确保每次反应的高度重复性.通过银染测序胶分析差异显示的cDNA带,便于DNA回收和进一步克隆.用此方法分析人胚发育早期不同阶段基因的差异表达,选用6条随机引物对3、4和5周龄人胚进行mRNA差异显示分析,从2 000多条带中共分离出14个差异产物,经二次扩增及反向RNA印迹确证其中6个片段为发育不同阶段差异表达基因.     

向日葵盐胁迫相关基因的cDNA-AFLP差异表达

目的:研究向日葵盐胁迫前后基因表达的变化,分离并鉴定耐盐相关基因。方法:采用c DNA-AFLP技术分析盐胁迫产生的差异表达基因片段。结果:从256对引物组合中筛选到232对有差异表达的引物组合。用其进行选择性扩增,获得差异表达的上调TDFs 845条。经二次PCR扩增及反向Northern blot验证,获得42个阳性TDFs。对其中12个TDFs进行克隆及序列测定,得到10条TDFs核苷酸序列。经Blastx比对及功能分析,10个TDFs均与应答盐胁迫相关,涉及信号转导相关蛋白、胁迫相关功能蛋白、衰老相关蛋白以及与蛋白相互作用有关的蛋白。结论:利用c DNA-AFLP技术鉴定出一批盐胁迫应答基因,为揭示向日葵耐盐分子机制及指导向日葵耐盐分子育种实践奠定基础。     

降低mRNA差异显示技术假阳性率的一种方法

为了探讨降低mRNA差异显示技术假阳性率的方法 ,进一步提高此技术的可靠性 ,提取了手术切除肝癌及非癌肝组织成对标本的总RNA ,逆转录获得cDNA片段 ,以mRNA差异显示方法筛选差异表达基因 ,选取较明显的一条差异表达条带 ,行进一步PCR扩增 .分别对PCR产物及其经TA克隆后随机挑选的 6个单克隆质粒DNA进行序列分析 ,并通过GenBank BLAST数据库进行序列的同源性比较 ,以Northern杂交予以来源确认 .自 72 0余条扩增条带中共选出 2 8条差异条带 .序列分析及同源性比较表明 ,所选择条带的PCR产物为一可能的新基因片段 ;而随机选择的 6个TA克隆质粒DNA中 ,有 4个为同一已知基因片段 ,一个为另一已知基因片段 ,一个为一可能的新基因片段 .同源性比较表明 ,PCR产物直接测序所得序列与TA克隆质粒DNA的 6个片段不具同源性 .结果表明 ,mRNA差异显示条带可能由 1条以上分子量相似的片段构成 ,直接对PCR产物行序列分析并以其为探针进行Northern杂交 ,是导致出现假阳性片段的原因之一 .将PCR产物进行TA克隆 ,对单克隆质粒DNA进行序列分析并以其为探针进行Northern杂交 ,可能是解决此问题的一种较好方法 .     

延边黄牛背最长肌差异表达基因的筛选、克隆及序列分析

应用引物复性控制技术筛选肌内脂肪含量差异极显著的延边黄牛背最长肌组织差异表达基因,寻找与肌内脂肪沉积的相关候选基因。文章选取30头28月龄延边黄牛阉牛的背最长肌组织测定肌内脂肪含量,选取肌内脂肪含量差异极显著的最高和最低各3头组成RNA池,采用引物复性控制技术,分析了两组个体背最长肌组织差异表达基因。利用20对随机引物差异显示扩增下,共获得12条ESTs(片段大小为200～890 bp),其中8个为已知的ESTs分别与细胞骨架形成、细胞因子信号转导、蛋白质合成、能量代谢和其他功能的差异基因,4个未知的ESTs。结果表明,应用引物复性控制技术筛选得到了12个可能参与了肌内脂肪沉积调控的ESTs,为进一步筛选肌内脂肪沉积相关的基因奠定了基础。     

运用多种策略改良差异显示PCR

目的：改进差异显示PCR技术,提高其在筛选差异表达基因方面的效率。方法：①采用单碱基金铆钉引物;②增加引物长度;③提高PCR反应的严谨性;④应用同步重复测序电泳。结果：减少经典方法的工作量,降低了非特异性和假阳性率。用改良技术研究热适应大鼠下丘脑基因的差异表达,发现了一个差异表达基因片段,斑点杂交证实为阳性片段。结论：改进后的差异显示PCR技术是一种研究基因差异表达从而发现新基因或基因新功能的有效方法。     

Recovering and reamplifying of the differentially expressed cDNA bands isolated from mRNA differential display

Methods for retrieving and reamplifying the differentially expressed cDNA bands have been modified. Direct reamplification of differentially expressed bands after cutting from a polyacrylamide gel (PAG) followed by a simple rinse and crush step has proved to be more convenient and effective than the traditional glycogen-precipitation method. Combination of 30 cycles of differential display (DD) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 20 cycles of standard PCR reaction also yielded higher reamplification rates.     

Cataloging altered gene expression in young and senescent cells using enhanced differential display.

Recently, a novel PCR-based technique, differential display (DD), has facilitated the study of differentially expressed genes at the mRNA level. We report here an improved version of DD, which we call Enhanced Differential Display (EDD). We have modified the technique to enhance reproducibility and to facilitate sequencing and cloning. Using EDD, we have generated and verified a catalog of genes that are differentially expressed between young and senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDF). From 168 genetags that were identified initially, 84 could be sequenced directly from PCR amplified bands. These sequences represent 27 known genes and 37 novel genes. By Northern blot analysis we have confirmed the differential expression of a total of 23 genes (12 known, 11 novel), while 19 (seven known, 12 novel) did not show differential expression. Several of the known genes were previously observed by others to be differentially expressed between young and senescent fibroblasts, thereby validating the technique.     

大菱鲆肌肉组织中的基因差异表达与体长性状的相关性研究

为了揭示出一些影响鱼类生长发育速度方面的遗传信息,本文应用mRNA差异显示技术,以同一批受精卵孵化的同池养殖的两组大菱鲆鱼为试验材料,检测了在相同生长发育条件下两组体长相差悬殊的3月龄大菱鲆肌肉组织的基因差异表达。结果：18对引物组合共显示出723条带,其中有527条带能够重现,差异显示条带的重现率为72.89%;在527条稳定的条带中有21条为差异带,其余506条为共有带（96.02%）。21条差异表达条带中有16条（3.04%）为阳性差异表达cDNA片段。这些差异表达cDNA片段的存在,说明体长差异悬殊的两组大菱鲆之间存在基因表达上的差异。试验结果对于进一步分析各种差异表达基因与大菱鲆的生长性状之间的相关关系奠定了基础;为深入研究大菱鲆的生长发育性状的分子遗传机制奠定了基础。     

Differential display of mRNA

Differential display of mRNA (DD) is a technique in which mRNA species expressed by a cell population are reverse transcribed and then amplified by many separate polymerase chain reactions (PCR). PCR primers and conditions are chosen so that any given reaction yields a limited number of amplified cDNA fragments, permitting their visualization as discrete bands following gel electrophoresis. This robust and relatively simple procedure allows identification of genes that are differentially expressed in different cell populations. Here we review DD including some recent modifications, and compare it with other techniques for analyzing differential mRNA expression.     

Systematic analysis of intrinsic factors affecting differential display

Differential display (DD) is a widely used method for identifying differentially expressed genes. To improve further the efficiency and reproducibility of the method, this report systematically examines four critical parameters of standard DD-PCR. Specifically, the study determined the optimal annealing temperature, elongation time, dNTP concentration, and arbitrary primer concentration. By using a thermal cycler that was capable of displaying a temperature gradient across a PCR plate, it was possible to determine (in a single experiment) the effect of different annealing temperatures. The optimal annealing temperaturefor a 13-mer arbitrary primer fell within a broad range of 40 degrees C-50 degrees C. Elongation times over a range of 30-120 s worked best. The optimal concentration for dNTPs was within a very broad range of 2-50 microM, with higher amounts allowing for greater pipetting accuracy. The most favorable concentration for the arbitrary primer was also within a broad range of 0.1-2.0 microM. A primer concentration below this range greatly reduced the efficiency of the amplification process. In conclusion, the experimental findings delineated the best possible DD conditions for a more reliable assessment of differential gene expression.     

Global analysis of gene expression by differential display

Differential display (DD) is one of the most commonly used approaches for identifying differentially expressed genes. However, there has been lack of an accurate guidance on how many DD polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer combinations are needed to display most of the genes expressed in a eukaryotic cell. This study critically evaluated the gene coverage by DD as a function of the number of arbitrary primers, the number of 3′ bases of an arbitrary primer required to completely match an mRNA target sequence, the additional 5′ base match(s) of arbitrary primers in first-strand cDNA recognition, and the length of mRNA tails being analyzed. The resulting new DD mathematical model predicts that 80 to 160 arbitrary 13mers, when used in combinations with 3 one-base anchored oligo-dT primers, would allow any given mRNA within a eukaryotic cell to be detected with a 74% to 93% probability, respectively. The prediction was supported by both computer simulation of the DD process and experimental data from a comprehensive fluorescent DD screening for target genes of tumor-suppressor p53. Thus, this work provides a theoretical foundation upon which global analysis of gene expression by DD can be pursued.