Well man clinic in general practice.

The establishment of a well man clinic run entirely by a nurse in general practice showed an appreciable number of men to be hypertensive, smokers, or overweight; it also showed some previously undetected disease. Efforts were made either to treat or to counsel men in whom these findings were made. A well man clinic may have greater value than a well woman clinic.     

Metabolic control of diabetes in general practice clinics: comparison with a hospital clinic.

An assessment was made of the degree of metabolic control achieved in diabetic patients attending mini clinics run by general practitioners compared with that in matched diabetic patients attending a hospital clinic. Patients were grouped according to whether they were being treated with diet alone, an oral hypoglycaemic, insulin once daily, or insulin twice daily. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between patients attending mini clinics and those attending the hospital clinic in retrospective mean blood glucose, retrospective mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1), or prospective HbA1 concentrations. General practitioners providing diabetic care on an organised basis can achieve a degree of glycaemic control in diabetic patients equal to that reached by a hospital clinic.     

Benzodiazepine drugs in general medical patients.

Data from a hospital-based drug surveillance programme were used to determine how often benzodiazepine drugs were used in general medical wards. Benzodiazepines were the drugs most commonly used as hypnotics and were given to 32% of these patients. Concomitant use of more than one benzodiazepine drug or of benzodiazepines with other psychoactive drugs was common and often irrational. A series of double-blind patient-preference studies comparing various benzodiazepines and a benzodiazepine with an antihistamine showed that for short-term hypnotic effect there were no differences between three common benzodiazepines but elderly patients preferred benzodiazepines to the antihistamine, which produced more undesired effects. These results suggest that currently diazepam is the hypnotic of choice for medical ward inpatients.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of a process medical audit in a teaching general hospital.

Medical auditing has moved beyond the traditional chart review to the process audit, which identifies deficiencies in care and suggests remedies. In 1981 the audit committee of the Department of Psychiatry at Toronto General Hospital audited the use of hypnotic drugs in the inpatient unit. The audit produced two recommendations: that nursing staff record sleep graphs for inpatients more often, and that an educational program be instituted to change the physicians'' patterns of prescribing hypnotics. In 1983 the audit was repeated to test the effectiveness of the 1981 auditing process. The 1981 recommendation produced the desired improvement in recording of sleep graphs. However, the medical staff failed to change their patterns of prescribing hypnotics: oxazepam remained the preferred hypnotic. For the process audit to be effective in improving patient care those using it must ensure that the methods reflect the nature and structure of the professional group they are trying to influence.     

某三甲医院2001～2010年隐球菌性脑膜炎患者住院医药费用分析

目的分析隐球菌性脑膜炎患者住院费用增长的主要因素及控制该因素的途径,为合理控制费用提供依据。方法以某三甲医院2001～2010年隐球菌性脑膜炎患者为研究对象,对各住院患者的费用构成和变动趋势进行统计分析。结果 2001～2010年总费用年平均增长速度为5.04%,药费年平均增长速度为14.55%,检验费年平均增长速度为1.01%。结论药费的快速增长是导致总费用增长的主要因素,控制药费增长是控制隐球菌性脑膜炎患者住院费用增长的关键因素。     

Witnessing and the medical gaze: how medical students learn to see at a free clinic for the homeless

This article analyzes doctor-patient communication as it is taught to medical students in a student-run free clinic for the homeless. Moving beyond Foucault's concept of the medical gaze, it incorporates Byron Good's theorizing about the soteriological aspects of medicine and medical education as well as aspects of practice theory as illuminated by Anthony Giddens. Ethnographic examples illustrate the necessary tension between objectification and subject-making that exists in the specific practices engaged in by both students and preceptors at the clinic site.