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1.
Iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) was isolated from the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separated the purified protein into three closely running, enzymatically active bands. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to be about 40 kDa. Polyclonal antibodies were produced by immunization of rabbits with the isolated enzyme, and were purified on a column of protein A-Sepharose. The Fe-SOD antibody reacted with the purified Fe-SOD and also specifically recognized the protein in extracts of A. cylindrica. In the extracts, anti-Fe-SOD did not cross-react with Mn-SOD, an enzyme which belongs to an SOD class displaying high homology of primary and three-dimensional structure with respect to Fe-SOD. Iron superoxide dismutase was localized in heterocysts by immunogold labeling and transmission electron microscopy. These results are the first in-situ evidence for the presence of SOD in the cells specialized for nitrogenase activity.Abbreviations ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SOD
superoxide dismutase
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- pI
isoelectric point
This work was supported by a C.N.R. grant. We are grateful to Dr. A. De Martino for technical assistance. 相似文献
2.
Jacques B. Baldensperger 《Archives of microbiology》1978,119(3):237-244
Superoxide dismutase has been purified to homogeneity from aerobically grown Thiobacillus denitrificans strain RT. It has a molecular weight of 43,000, is composed of two identical subunits which are not covalently bound, and contains 1.35 atom of iron per molecule. Absorption spectra and amino acid analysis are similar to those of other Fe-superoxide dismutases from bacteria. Aerobically and anaerobically grown cells contain the same Fe-enzyme with similar levels of activity. Manometric sulfite oxidation measurements suggest for the enzyme a protective function of sulfite against the autooxidation initiated by superoxide free radicals.Non-Standard Abbreviations DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SOD
superoxide dismutase 相似文献
3.
A shift from cell-surface hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity was experimentally induced in the benthic hydrophobic cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. strain J-1, by mechanical shearing, chloramphenicol, and proteolytic treatment after preincubation with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Treatment with SDS alone, while releasing large amounts of protein and carbohydrates from the cell wall, did not affect cell surface hydrophobicity.Ultrastructural analysis showed the cells, to be enveloped by a double-layered minicapsule. Treatments affecting cellsurface hydrophobicity also caused changes in capsular components. A model, describing cell-surface structure, composition and properties in Phormidium J-1, was constructed by correlating ultrastructural data with surface properties.Abbreviations SDS
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- DCMU
3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
This paper is contributed in honor of Prof. G. Drews on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday 相似文献
4.
Characterization of Fish Cu/Zn–Superoxide Dismutase and Its Protection from Oxidative Stress 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase was cloned from the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The full coding region of the zebrafish superoxide dismutase (ZSOD) complementary DNA was ligated with pET-20b(+) and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli strain AD494(DE3)pLysS. The active enzyme was purified by His tagging. The ZSOD yield was 6 mg from 0.2 L of E. coli culture, and the specific activity was 2000 U/mg as assayed using a RANSOD kit. The enzyme stability was characterized by reaction to temperature, pH, and detergent treatment. The results showed enzyme activity was still active after heat treatment at 70°C for 10 minutes, resistant to pH treatment from 2.3 to 12, and resistant to treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) under 4%. In addition, the recombinant ZSOD was used to protect fish from 100 ppm of paraquat-induced oxidative injury by soaking fish larva in 55 µg/ml SOD enzyme. The results were significant. 相似文献
5.
E. Bräutigam F. Fiedler D. Woitzik H. T. Flammann J. Weckesser 《Archives of microbiology》1988,150(6):567-573
The capsule polysaccharide-protein-peptidoglycan complex (insoluble in boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate and hot phenol-water) from cell envelopes of Rhodobacter capsulatus St. Louis was characterized. Hydrofluoric, hydrochloric acid or alkaline hydrolysis solubilized the polysaccharide moiety, whereas the protein-peptidoglycan moiety remained insoluble. On treatment of the protein-peptidoglycan moiety with lysozyme, the protein with peptidoglycan-residues bound was solubilized. It showed a single, broad peptide band (M
r=about 17,000) on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. The same protein was obtained by lysozyme digestion (without preceding hydrofluoric or hydrochloric acid treatment) of the protein-peptidoglycan complex of the phage-resistant mutant Rhodobacter capsulatus St. Louis RC1-, in which the capsule polysaccharide is present in a free form. A protein-peptidoglycan complex was isolated also from the capsulefree Rhodobacter capsulatus 37b4. Covalent binding between the protein and peptidoglycan moieties is likely for all three strains as is the lipoprotein nature of the protein moiety. The polysaccharide moiety of the complete complex from the wild-type Rhodobacter capsulatus St. Louis was at least partly removable from the complex in the presence of high salt concentrations or ethylene diamine tetraacetate. A specific amino acid pattern (with Ser, Gly, Glu, and Ala dominating) remained constantly associated with the capsule polysaccharide moiety independent of the separation procedure.Abbreviations A2pm
diaminopimelic acid
- Cetavlon
cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide
- EDTA
ethylene-diaminetetraacetate, disodium salt
- HF
hydrofluoric acid
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography
- PAGL
polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TCA
trichloroacetic acid 相似文献
6.
U-937 monoblastic cells were differentiated into macrophage-like cells in the presence of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Control cells and differentiated cells were labeled with35S-sulfate and were both found to produce exclusively chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. No differences in glycosaminoglycan structure or macromolecular properties of the proteoglycans produced in the two different cell systems could be observed. However, the differentiated cells were found to have a lower capacity for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan synthesis, both under ordinary experimental conditions, and when exposed to stimulators of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis such as -d-xylosides.Abbreviations SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TPA
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- PG
proteoglycan
- GAG
glycoaminoglycan
- CS
chondroitin sulfate
- CSPG
chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
- NASDAE
naphthol AS-D acetate esterase 相似文献
7.
A purified sheath fraction and an outer membrane fraction were obtained from the cyanobacterium Fischerella sp. PCC 7414. The sheath had a fine structure with osmiophilic fibers running in parallel to the cell surface in two distinct layers. The sheath fraction contained mainly neutral sugars (Glc, Man, Gal, Xyl, Fuc, 2-O-methylhexose), GlcN, uronic acids, and minor components such as amino acids, sulfate, phosphate, and fatty acids. The protein moiety was removable from the sheath fraction by treatment with boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate. The presence of three different 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH-14:0, 3-OH-16:0, 3-OH-18:0) in addition to GlcN indicated the presence of lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane. One major (Mr 50,000) and two minor (Mr 54,000 and 65,000) proteins were detected as constituents of the outer membrane.Abbreviations A2pm
diaminopimelic acid
- GLC
gas-liquid chromatography
- GlcN
glucosamine
- Ino
inositol
- MurN
muramic acid
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
8.
Alfred Hansel Angela Schmid Monier H. Tadros Uwe J. Jürgens 《Archives of microbiology》1994,161(2):163-167
Pore-forming protein (porin) was isolated from N,N-dimethyl-dodecylaminoxid (LDAO)-extracted outer membranes of Synechococcus PCC 6301 and purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel column. The apparent molecular mass on SDS-PAGE was determined to be about 52000. The native porin was reconstituted into black lipid bilayer membranes and showed a single-channel conductance of 5.5 nS in 1 M KCl. The porin was found to be N-terminally blocked. The C-terminal amino acid sequence was identified as Phe-Thr-Phe. Amino acid analysis suggested that the porin protein consists of about 420 amino acid residues, yielding a polarity of 43.6% and a molecular mass of 45000 in contrast to the mobility on SDS-PAGE.Abbreviations DEAE
Diethylaminoethyl; M
r, relative molecular mass
- LDAO
N,N-Dimethyl-dodecylaminoxid
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram
- PCC
Pasteur Culture Collection
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- UTEX
Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Texas 相似文献
9.
Isolated chlorosomes, treated with the detergent lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS), can be separated into two green fractions by agarose gel electrophoresis. One fraction contains chlorosomes with a full complement of proteins and antenna BChl c absorbing at 740 nm, but with a more spherical form than the normal ellipsoid shape observed in control chlorosomes. The second fraction was completely devoid of proteins but had a similar absorption spectrum. Electron micrographs of the protein-free fraction indicated the presence of stain-excluding spheres with overall dimensions resembling those of intact chlorosomes (40–100 nm). These spheres are probably micelles of BChl c liberated from the chlorosomes during the detergent treatment, since similar structures could be produced when purified BChl c, dissolved in 1-hexanol, was dispersed in buffer, producing an aggregate absorbing at 742 nm. These results suggest that the chlorosome proteins are not required to produce an arrangement of BChl c chromophores which gives rise to a 740 nm absorption peak resembling that of intact chlorosomes. It seems probable, however, that proteins have a role in determining the overall shape of the chlorosome. Treatment with cross-linking reagents did not prevent the detergent-induced changes in chlorosome morphology.Abbreviations BChl
bacteriochlorophyll
- DSP
dithiobis-succinimidyl-2-propionate
- EM
electron microscopy
- LDS
lithium dodecyl sulfate
- MGDG
monogalactosyl diacylglycerol
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
10.
A new approach to the production of the recombinant SOD protein by methylotrophic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pichia pastoris</Emphasis> 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yu P 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,74(1):93-98
The gene for the copper, zinc–superoxide dismutase (SOD) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned, characterized, and overexpressed in the methylotrophic Pichia pastoris. The sod gene sequence obtained is 465 bp and encodes 154 amino acid residues. The sod gene sequence was cloned into the pPIC9K vector, yielding pAB22. The linearized pAB22 DNA, digested with restriction enzyme
SacI, was transformed into the genome of the GS115 strain of yeast P. pastoris. The overexpressed SOD protein was shown to have immunologically biological activity and to be enzymatically active. The
SOD protein was purified from the cultured yeast by ammonium sulfate precipitation and diethylaminoethyl–cellulose column
chromatography. This relatively simple purification method produced a single band on analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), which indicated that the SOD protein obtained attained to higher purity and specific activity. 相似文献
11.
Superoxide dismutase from Mycobacterium species,strain Takeo 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masamichi Kusunose Yojiro Noda Kosuke Ichihara Emi Kusunose 《Archives of microbiology》1976,108(1):65-73
Superoxide dismutase from Mycobacterium species, strain Takeo, has been purified to homogeneity as judged by disc gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The enzyme was found to have a molecular weight of approximately 61 500 by sedimentation equilibrium and to contain manganese by atomic absorption and electron spin resonance spectra. The amino acid composition was also determined. The enzyme was considerably stable to the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate; unless incubating at 80°C for 2 min, it was not completely dissociated into the subunits. The molecular weight of the subunit was found to be approximately 21 000. Antibodies against the superoxide dismutase were produced by immunization of rabbits with the enzyme, and the -globulin fraction was purified. Superoxide dismutase preparations obtained from various species of mycobacteria and nocardia cross-reacted to different degrees with these antibodies on the Ouchterlony double diffusion plates. Comparative immunological studies indicated that strain Takeo might be most closely related to Myobacterium smegmatis among species of mycobacteria and nocardia tested. The antibodies against superoxide dismutase may be used as a valuable tool for the classification of mycobacteria. 相似文献
12.
Robert Jeanjean Sylvie Bédu Benedictus J. W. M. Nieuwenhuis Michel Hirn 《Archives of microbiology》1986,144(3):207-212
Immunological cross-reactivity between cell wall proteins obtained from two yeast genera (Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is reported. Specific retention of two cell wall proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by an immunoabsorbent column coupled with antibodies against phosphate binding protein 2 (PiBP2) from Candida tropicalis allowed to generate antibodies against the proteins from S. cerevisiae. These antibodies were effective in inhibiting phosphate uptake by S. cerevisiae cells. The proteins from S. cerevisiae displayed a phosphate binding activity which was inhibited in the presence of the forementioned antibodies. These results and the observation that the amount of these proteins in the shock fluid was dependent of the growth conditions (i.e., in the presence or in the absence of phosphate) support the idea that these proteins are involved in the high affinity phosphate transport system.Abbreviations Pi
inorganic phosphate
- PiBP2
phosphate binding protein 2 obtained from Candida tropicalis
- Tris
Tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminoethane
- MES
[2-(N-Morpholino)] ethanesulfonic acid
- EDTA
ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, disoldium salt
- PMSF
phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 相似文献
13.
A single polypeptide is immunospecifically precipitated by monospecific antiphytochrome from the total translation products of both wheat-germ and rabbit-reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesizing systems programmed with oat (Avena sativa L.) poly(A) RNA. The mobility of this polypeptide is slightly lower on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than that of immunoaffinity-purified, 118 kdalton phytochrome and corresponds to an apparent molecular weight of 124 kdalton. Evidence against the possibility that this mobility difference results from intracellular processing of the 124-kdalton protein is provided by extraction of freeze-dried tissue directly into boiling SDS-containing buffer. This procedure yields a phytochrome species with a mobility on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indistinguishable from that of the in-vitro translation product. Together the data indicate that the phytochrome polypeptide is synthesized in its mature form in the cell but is subject to modification to a form with lower apparent molecular weight during immunopurification.Abbreviations IgG
immunoglobulin G
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
14.
A thermostable manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A thermostable superoxide dismutase (SOD) from a Thermomyces lanuginosus strain (P134) was purified to homogeneity by fractional ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, Phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-100. The molecular mass of a single band of the enzyme was estimated to be 22.4 kDa, using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using gel filtration on Sephacryl S-100, the molecular mass was estimated to be 89.1 kDa, indicating that this enzyme was composed of four identical subunits of 22.4 kDa each. The SOD was found to be inhibited by NaN3, but not by KCN or H2O2, suggesting that the SOD in T. lanuginosus was of the manganese superoxide dismutase type. The SOD exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.5. The optimum temperature for the activity was 55°C. It was thermostable at 50 and 60°C and retained 55% activity after 60 min at 70°C. The half-life of the SOD at 80°C was approximately 28 min and even retained 20% activity after 20 min at 90°C. 相似文献
15.
A manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) was purified to homogeneity from a higher plant for the first time. The enzyme was isolated fromPisum sativum leaf extracts by thermal fractionation, ammonium sulfate salting out, ion-exchange and gel-filtration column chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pure manganese superoxide dismutase had a specific activity of about 3,000 U mg-1 and was purified 215-fold, with a yield of 1.2 mg enzyme per kg whole leaf. The manganese superoxide dismutase had a molecular weight of 94,000 and contained one g-atom of Mn per mol of enzyme. No iron and copper were detected. Activity reconstitution experiments with the pure enzyme ruled out the possibility of a manganese loss during the purification procedure. The stability of manganese superoxide dismutase at-20°C, 4°C, 25°C, 50°C, and 60°C was studied, and the enzyme was found more labile at high temperatures than bacterial manganese superoxide dismutases and iron superoxide dismutases from an algal and bacterial origin.Abbreviations NBT
nitro blue tetrazolium
- SOD
superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) 相似文献
16.
Early stages in the formation of membranes and photosynthetic units were studied under growth-limiting phototrophic and chemotrophic conditions in cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. The incorporation of polypeptides, forming bacteriochlorophyll-carotinoid-protein complexes in the membrane, was followed by use of pulse-labeling and immunoprecipitation techniques. The newly synthesized polypeptides were inserted into two distinct membrane fractions at both different rates and proportions. The two membrane fractions differed in sedimentation behavior, absorption spectra and activities of the respiratory chain. The individual pigment-associated proteins did not exhibit precursor-product relationship between the two membrane fractions. The data suggest that newly synthesized polypeptides were integrated both into cytoplasmic and pre-existing intracytoplasmic membranes, where the proteins and pigments were assembled to form reaction centers and light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes.Abbreviations Bchl
bacteriochlorophyll
- cpm
counts per minute
-
M
r
relative molecular mass
- P 100
pellet of 100,000xg, 60 min
- P300
pellet of 300,000xg, 90 min
-
pO2
oxygen partial pressure
-
R
Rhodopseudomonas
- dodecyl sulfate
sodium dodecyl sulfate. International standard units
- Bq
Becquerel (s-1)
- Pa
Pascal (N/m2; 1 Torr=133,3 Pa) 相似文献
17.
U. J. Jürgens J. Meißner U. Fischer W. A. König J. Weckesser 《Archives of microbiology》1987,148(1):72-76
L-Ornithine is the only diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of the gliding phototrophic Chloroflexus aurantiacus. The other constituents are L- and D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-muramic acid (in part as muramic acid-6-phosphate), all in approximate equimolar ratios to L-ornithine, aside from small amounts of glycine and histidine. Furthermore unlike typical Gram-negative bacteria, protein is not bound to this peptidoglycan. Instead, the rigid layer (sodium dodecyl sulfate insoluble cell wall fraction) contained large amounts of a complex polysaccharide consisting of sugar O-methyl ethers, hexoses and pentoses. Its binding site is presumably muramic acid-6-phosphate of the peptidoglycan.In contrast, in Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilium, meso-diaminopimelic acid was found as the only diamino acid of this peptidoglycan. As with other Gramnegative bacteria, L- and D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-muramic acid (no muramic acid-6-phosphate) were observed in approximate equimolar ratios to meso-diaminopimelic acid, except a lower D-alanine content. The rigid layer of Chlorobium vibrioforme f. thiosulfatophilum contained protein, and there were no indications for a complex polysaccharide comparable to that of Chloroflexus aurantiacus.Abbreviations Ala
alanine
- A2pm
diaminopimelic acid
- GC/MS
combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
- GlcNAc
N-acetyl-glucosamine
- Glu
glutamic acid
- Gly
glycine
- HF
hydrofluoric acid
- Lys
lysine
- MurNAc
N-acetyl-muramic acid
- Orn
ornithine
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献
18.
Daniel Cross Miguel L. Allende Raúl Y. Krauss María-Elena Fuentes Gustavo Kaltwasser Jaime Alvarez Nibaldo C. Inestrosa 《Molecular biology reports》1987,12(4):265-271
In order to study the expression of the major subunit of neurofilaments (NFs), rat brain poly(A)+ RNA was purified by three different procedures and was injected in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This system was able to translate efficiently the 200 kDa NF subunit as shown by a dot-blot immunoassay and by immunoprecipitation of labeled NF polypeptides.Abbreviations SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- PMSF
phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline
- BSA
bovine serum albumin 相似文献
19.
Intact gas vesicles of Microcyclus aquaticus S1 were isolated by using centrifugally accelerated flotation of vesicles and molecular sieve chromatography. Isolated gas vesicles were cylindrical organelles with biconical ends and measured 250×100 nm. The gas vesicle membrane was composed almost entirely of protein; neither lipid nor carbohydrate was detected, although one mole of phosphate per mole of protein was found. Amino acid analysis indicated that the protein contained 54.6% hydrophobic amino acid residues, lacked sulfur-containing amino acids, and had a low aromatic amino acid content. The protein subunit composition of the vesicles was determined by gel electrophoresis in (i) 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate at pH 9.0 and (ii) 5 M urea at pH 2.0. The membrane appeared to consist of one protein subunit of MW 50 000 daltons. Charge isomers of this subunit were not detected on urea gels. Antiserum prepared against purified gas vesicles of M. aquaticus S1 cross-reacted with the gas vesicles of all other gas vacuolate strains of M. aquaticus, as well as those of Prosthecomicrobium pneumaticum, Nostoc muscorum, and Anabaena flos-aquae, indicating that the gas vesicles of these widely divergent organisms have some antigenic determinants in common.Abbreviations SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- MW
molecular weight
- Tris
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane
- EDTA
disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- TCA
trichloroacetic acid
-
P
c
pressure necessary to collapse gas vesicles 相似文献
20.
Zhiqiang Pan Jingkun Ho Qin Feng Dao-Shun Huang Ralph A. Backhaus 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,46(2):143-150
In vitro grown shoot tissue of facultative apomictic lines of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray), a rubber producing desert shrub, were transformed by Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer and regenerated into complete plants. Guayule shoots of lines 11591, UC101 and UC104 were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strains LBA4404 or PC2760 harboring the binary vector pCGN1557. Axillary shoots were regenerated from transformed cells and rooted in vitro in the presence of kanamycin. Genetic transformation in all cases was verified by Southern blot analysis. Transgenic plants were grown to maturity in the greenhouse and, as predicted for apomictic species, all seed produced possessed kanamycin resistance. Because apomicts have limitations for gene transfer by normal sexual crosses, this method offers a new means of transferring genes into this species.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- EDTA
ethylene diamine tetraacetate
- kanR
kanamycin resistance
- MS salts
salts of Murashige and Skoog medium (1962)
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- NPT-II
neomycin phosphotransferase
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate 相似文献