Seborrhoea is not a feature of seborrhoeic dermatitis.

The sebum excretion rate from forehead skin was measured in 44 patients with classic seborrhoeic dermatitis and 200 control subjects. The mean excretion rate was normal in the 29 men with seborrhoeic dermatitis and significantly reduced in the 15 women with the disease. This study showed that seborrhoeic dermatitis is not usually associated with seborrhoea, and therefore "dermatitis of the sebaceous areas" may be a more accurate term.     

寻常痤疮中的微生态机制研究

最近的一项研究发现健康人群和寻常痤疮患者面部及肠道的菌群存在显著差异,寻常痤疮患者面部及肠道菌群出现紊乱,并且发现寻常痤疮并不与痤疮丙酸杆菌的过度增殖有关,而是取决于菌株的类型及其之间的平衡。此外,肠道菌群的紊乱也会间接影响寻常痤疮的发生和发展。因此,越来越多的研究致力于改善寻常痤疮患者面部和肠道的菌群平衡,进而达到治疗寻常痤疮的目的。本文主要综述了寻常痤疮患者面部和肠道的菌群失衡与寻常痤疮发病的关系,以及改善寻常痤疮患者面部和肠道菌群失衡的益生菌疗法。

     

Prevalence of facial acne vulgaris in late adolescence and in adults.

A survey of 1066 healthy women and 1089 healthy men aged 18-70 years, performed to determine the prevalence of facial acne, showed that clinical acne was not confined to adolescents. Though it was more prevalent among men than women at 18, beyond the age of 23 clinical acne was more prevalent among women as the prevalence in men gradually declined. At 40-49 years 3% of men and 5% of women still had definite, albeit mild, clinical acne, and at 50-59 years 6% of men and 8% of women had physiological acne. The surprisingly high prevalence of acne in adults may be related to antibiotic treatment or, in women, to the use of oral contraceptives or cosmetics, though this survey did not study their influence. Further studies in different populations are needed to establish the prevalence of acne in the community, and its distribution.     

Oxidative stress in patients with acne vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is one of the common dermatological diseases and its pathogenesis is multifactorial. In this study, we aim to determine the effects of oxidative stress in acne vulgaris. Forty-three consecutive acne patients and 46 controls were enrolled. The parameters of oxidative stress such as catalase (CAT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the venous blood of cases were measured spectrophotometrically. The values compared with control group, the relation between the severity and distribution of acne, and the correlation of each enzyme level were researched. CAT and G6PD levels in patients were found to be statistically decreased, and SOD and MDA levels were found to be statistically increased (P < .001). However, any statistical difference and correlation could not be found between the severity and distribution of lesions and the mean levels of enzymes. In addition, we found that each enzyme is correlated with one another. Our findings show that oxidative stress exists in the acne patients. It will be useful to apply at least one antioxidant featured drug along with the combined acne treatment.     

A microbiological approach to acne vulgaris

The present article gives a concise survey of contemporary opinions on acne vulgaris, its etiopathogenesis, clinical forms and laboratory diagnostics. In particular, the value of microbiological diagnostics and possibilities of local as well as general therapy are discussed. Moreover, our experience is described with vaccinotherapy to manage serious clinical forms and cases when current therapy fails.     

黄瓜香等中草药对寻常型痤疮治疗效果的观察

目的应用黄瓜香等中草药作为微生态调节剂治疗青少年寻常型痤疮。方法通过比较治疗前后痤疮患者面部皮肤痤疮丙酸杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌数量以及面部皮疹的数量来判断黄瓜香等中草药治疗痤疮的疗效。结果黄瓜香抑制了痤疮丙酸杆菌和表皮葡萄球菌生长（P〈0．05）;减少了皮疹数量（P〈0．05）,使皮疹不再出现。结论黄瓜香等能够治疗青少年寻常型痤疮。     

Expression of CMS in Zygotic and Apozygotic Progenies of Sugar Beet Beta vulgaris L.

Zygotic and apozygotic progenies of sugar beet exhibit high phenotypic variation with respect to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). There are progenies with completely sterile, semisterile, semifertile, and fertile pollen. The proportions of semifertile and fertile plants in zygotic and apozygotic progenies varied from zero to 28% and from zero to 17.8%, respectively. Comparison of the phenotypic distributions in zygotic and apozygotic progenies did not reveal significant differences in the CMS expression, although the latter is determined by the maternal S-plasmotype and both maternal and paternal (pollinator) genotypes in zygotic progenies and only by the maternal S-plasmotype and genotype in apozygotic progenies. It has been hypothesized that the instability of the CMS expression in apozygotic progenies is determined by epigenetic variation in the activities of the genes that control the maintenance of the pollen-grain sterility. Inactivated dominant alleles R f ⁰ ₁ and R f ⁰ ₂ in homozygous state may function as sterility maintenance genes, whereas activation of these alleles during ontogeny results in a partial or complete restoration of pollen-grain fertility. It was demonstrated that pollen fertility of mother plants withS cytoplasm did not affect the CMS expression in two sib progenies. Conversely, in two other progenies, the proportion of fertile plants was significantly higher in the sib progenies of mother plants with fertile pollen and S cytoplasm (inheritance of epigenetic variation).     

Genotyping by RAPD-PCR analyses of Malassezia furfur strains from pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis patients

Malassezia furfur is lypophilic yeast commonly associate with dermatological disorders. In the present work, we described the isolation of 47 M. furfur strains from three groups of patients: pityriasis versicolor (21 isolates), seborrhoeic dermatitis (15 isolates) and seborrhoeic dermatitis of the HIV positive patients (11 isolates). To investigate the identity of the strains at molecular level, DNA genomic of M. furfur strains were prepared and used to RAPD-PCR analyses. RAPD assay were carried out using two decamer primers and bands pattern generated were analyzed by an Unweighted Pair-Group Method (UPGMA). Dendrogram established a distinct differentiation between M. furfur isolates from pityriasis versicolor and seborrhoeic dermatitis patients with or without AIDS. We concluded that RAPD typing presented a high discriminatory power between strains studied in this work and can be applied in epidemiological investigation of skin disease causing by M. furfur.     

Sugar Selectivity and Other Characteristics of Phloem Loading in Beta vulgaris L

The rate of phloem loading, its selectivity, and the disposition of labeled carbon were studied following application of (14)C-labeled sugars to the free space of source leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Buffered 10 mm solutions of (14)C-labeled sucrose, fructose, stachyose, mannitol, 3-0-methyl glucose or l-glucose were applied to the abraded epidermis of source leaves held in the dark. Distribution of the labeled carbon from sugar taken up from the free space was studied by micro-densitometry of autoradiographs. Uptake of labeled sugar from the free space, partition between mesophyll and minor veins, metabolic conversions, export and respiration were followed during the 3-hr time course studies. Rates of sugar uptake into the minor veins, flux rates through the sieve element-companion cell complex membrane and concentration ratios between free space and the interior of the minor vein phloem cells were compared for the six sugars studied for evidence of active uptake. The composition of the free space solution in leaves photosynthesizing in (14)CO(2) was studied by vacuum infiltration of the source leaf air spaces and removal of the solution by centrifugation. Labeled compounds in this solution were compared to those in an aqueous ethanol extract of the same leaf pieces.The results in sugar beet source leaves support the concept of direct, active uptake of sucrose from free space into minor veins. This is not the case for fructose, 3-0-methyl glucose, mannitol, or stachyose. The latter two sugars, which are translocated in some plants, are not loaded into the minor veins at a rate sufficient to make them a significant component of the material translocated. The rate of phloem loading is controlled in part by mesophyll metabolism, especially as it affects the availability of sucrose to the free space. Both the rate and selectivity of export are controlled by uptake from the free space into the sieve element-companion cell complex of the minor veins.     

Sugar retrieval by coats of developing seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Vicia faba L

Influxes of glucose, fructose and sucrose were characterised for coat cells of developing seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Vicia faba L. by monitoring uptake of [(14)C]sugars into excised seed-coat halves and two different protoplast populations derived from seed coats. Sugar influxes by the two populations of protoplasts were similar for each sugar species [sucrose > (fructose approximately glucose)] and hexoses competed with sucrose. Concentration-dependent influxes of all three sugars by excised seed coats could be described by a simple directly proportional relationship between concentration ([S]) and uptake rate (v) in the physiological range of sugar concentrations (v approximately A.[S]). Alternatively, with the exception of fructose influx by Vicia, all could be fitted to a Michaelis-Menten relationship, as could sucrose uptake by Vicia protoplasts. Apparent K(m) values were high ( approximately 100-500 mM) compared with those reported for other systems. Sucrose transport was distinct from glucose and fructose transport in both species. Sugar influx was decreased by p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and erythrosin B. These responses are consistent with sugar/H(+) symport acting to retrieve photoassimilates leaked to the apoplasm during post-sieve element transport within seed coats.     

Variability of Chloroplast Number in Populations of Stomata Guard Cells in Sugar Beet Beta vulgaris L.

Diploid sugar beet plants demonstrate a broad variability of the number of chloroplasts in stomata guard cells, which is related to mixoploidy of cell populations in leaf apical meristems (epigenomic variability). In addition to random organelle segregation between daughter cells, this variability is affected by factors disrupting the mitotic cycle: (1) plant treatment with a mitotic poison, such as colchicine; (2) duration of the life cycle of a plant; the variability in second-year plants is greater than in first-year ones; (3) the mode of plant reproduction; the variability in inbred plants is greater than in the initial population. Treatment of germinating seeds with a diluted colchicine solution increases the number of organelles in cells in the myxoploid generation (generation C₀) and the variance of the distributions in the first vegetation year. The variability in the organelle number in stomata cells correlates with that in maternal meristem cells. It is concluded that the epidermal cell monolayer (including stomata guard cells) keeps record of the epigenomic and epiplastome variability in meristem cells. The variability of the number of chloroplasts in stomata guard cells is approximated by binomials with negative powers.     

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris

Antibiotic susceptibilities of Propionibacterium acnes in Japan were determined. Erythromycin‐resistance was found in 10.4% (5/48) of the strains, and four of these were cross‐resistance to clindamycin. Although the erythromycin ribosome methylase gene erm(X) was looked for, no strain carrying erm(X) was found. Sequencing analysis revealed that all of the erythromycin‐resistant strains had a mutation in the peptidyl transferase region of the 23S rRNA gene: G2057A, A2058G, or A2059G. Consequently, our results show that P. acnes resistance to macrolides is caused by a mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, and has been increasing in Japan.     

Molecular Differences between Alleles Adh1-F and Adh1-Sin Sugar Beet Beta vulgaris L.

We compared nucleotide sequences of exon 4 and part of exon 5 of alleles F and S of the Adh1 locus controlling alcohol dehydrogenase in sugar beet. The Adh1-F and Adh1-S sequences of the examined fragment were shown to differ by two nucleotides. Adenine (A) and cytosine (C) of Adh1-F were substituted by respectively thymine (T) and adenine (A) in Adh1-S. Consequently, glutamine and asparagine from the F subunit of ADH1 are replaced by valine and lysine, respectively. Because of differences in the amino acid content, the F subunit is by two elementary charges more negatively charged electrically than the S subunit, which correlates with differences in their electrophoretic mobility. Comparison of the examined Adh1 fragment of sugar beet with its counterparts in other plants showed that the sites bearing substitutions in the former species are classed as variable.