四川重楼属(延龄草科)一新变种——峨眉重楼

报道了四川峨眉山地区延龄草科Trilliaceae重楼属Paris一新变种——峨眉重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var. emeiensis H.X.Yin,H.Zhang ＆ D.Xue。该变种与宽瓣重楼P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis （Franch.）Hand.-Mazz.相似,区别在于叶柄较短,长2–5mm,叶片较窄,披针形,宽1.5–2.5cm,花梗短,长6–10（–13）mm,花瓣丝状,长2–3cm,药隔突出部分较短,长0.2–0.5mm。高效液相色谱法对新变种及多叶重楼P.polyphylla Smith各变种的甾体皂苷类成分的对比分析显示,宽瓣重楼以薯蓣皂苷为主,长药隔重楼P.polyphylla var.pseudothibetica H.Li以偏诺皂苷为主,而峨眉重楼、多叶重楼P.polyphylla var.polyphylla、华重楼P.polyphylla var.chinensis（Franch.）Hara、狭叶重楼P.polyphylla var.stenophylla Franch.、宽叶重楼P.polyphylla var.latifolia F.T.Wang ＆ C.Yu Chang、白花重楼P.polyphylla var.alba H.Li ＆ R.J.Mitchell所含皂苷均为微量,由此揭示了峨眉重楼同近缘种之间的关系。     

中国重楼属(延龄草科)一新变种——攀西直瓣重楼

描述了延龄草科一新变种--攀西直瓣重楼(Paris polyphylla Smith var.panxiensis J.L.Liu),并绘制了形态图.新变种以其叶片狭长、条形而与狭叶重楼(Paris polyphylla Smith var.stenophylla Franch.)和小重楼(Paris polyphylla Smith var.minor S.F.Wang)相近似,但又以花瓣线状圆柱形、直立、不弯曲、远短于萼片、向上逐渐增粗呈棒状、先端圆形或钝圆,花药药隔明显头状突起而有明显区别.     

高平重楼——越南北部重楼属(延龄草科)一新种

描述了越南北部高平省延龄草科Trilliaceae重楼属Paris一新种--高平重楼P. caobangensis Y. H. Ji, H. Li &; Z. K. Zhou。该新种形态与缅甸重楼P. birmanica (Takht.) H. Li &; Noltie和南重楼P. vietnamensis (Takht.) H. Li相似,因地上茎高仅30-35 cm,叶片卵状披针形,约9.5×4.5 cm,基出侧脉一对,雄蕊数目为花瓣数目的2倍而区别于后二者。     

四川重楼属（延龄草科）一新变种——短瓣凌云重楼

描述了四川延龄草科重楼属一新变种——短瓣凌云重楼[Paris cronquistii (Takht.)H.Li var.brevipetalata H.X.Yin et H.Zhang].新变种——短瓣凌云重楼与凌云重楼[P.cronquistii (Takht.)H.Li]相似,区别在于花瓣线形、长1.2～3.1 cm、远短于萼片、下垂,雄蕊较少、8～12枚,仅2轮,叶上表面深绿色,沿中脉具淡绿色斑纹.     

重楼属一新组合

谬汝槐失生的新种广东重楼系以1932年采自广东信宜的一份标本（黄志32199号,模式标本）为根据的。该标本体态上接近七叶一枝花（PwhPOyPhyllasmith）,但叶有7     

延龄草科四属花粉形态的研究

对延龄草科重楼属Paris L.延龄草属Trillium L.Medeola L.属和Scoliopus Torr.属以及百合科百合属Ｌilium L.和萱草属Ｈemerocallis L.花粉进行了光镜和电镜的观察和比较。结果表明,在延龄草科中,重楼属,Medeola属和Scoliopus属花粉具有较多的相似性：具单一远极沟,极面观椭圆形,外壁为网状纹饰或皱波－网状纹饰。而延龄草属花粉与它们的差异则较大,为圆形,无萌发孔,外壁非网状纹饰,而是颗粒状,疣状,芽孢状,星状和微刺状等纹饰。百合属中的Lilium michauxii和萱草属中的金针菜Hemerocallis citrina花粉均为单一远极沟,外壁表面为网状纹饰。但其网脊特别粗,具不规则突起并形成棱角（H.citina)或由许多排列成念珠状的、形状不一的分子组成（Lilium michauxii),结构特别复杂。就其萌发孔类型和纹饰特征看,它们与延龄草科中的重楼属,Medeola属和Scoliopus属花粉具有较多的性。花粉外壁的层次结构在延龄草科各属之间（延龄草属除外）,甚至在延龄草科与百合科之间均没有多大的差异。     

重楼属和延龄草核型的一致性

本文报道的重楼属3个种和变种与延龄草的核型基本一致,表明它们之间的亲缘关系很近,其核型简式为:延龄草(T. tschonoskii)2n=10=4m 2m(SAT) 2st(SAT) 2t(SAT) 1B;五指莲(Paris axialis)2n=10=6m 2t 2t(SAT) 2B;狭叶重楼(P. polyphylla var. stenophylla)2n=10=2m(SAT) 4m 2st 2t;小重楼(P.polyphylla var.minora)2n=10=4m 2sm 4t.     

重楼属的四个新异名

将小重楼Paris polyphylla Smith var．minora S．F．Wang、长药隔重楼P.polyhylla Smith var．pseudothibetica H．Li处理为金线重楼P.delavayi Franch．的异名;将广东重楼P.polyphylla Smith var．kwantungensis（R．H．Miau）S．C．Chen＆S．Y.Liang处理为多叶重楼P.polyphylla Smith的异名;将文县重楼P.wenxianensis Z．X．Peng＆R．N．Zhao处理为黑籽重楼P.thibetica Franch．的异名。     

甘肃重楼属一新种

文县重楼新种图1Paris wenxianensis Z.X.Peng et R.N.Zhao,sp.nov.(Sect.Daiswa)Hace species differt a congeneris caulis dese pubescentibus perian-thii segmentis interioribus quam exterioribus multo brevioribus,conne-ctivo valde prominenti ad 1.6 cm longo.Herba perennis,60-100 cm alta.Rhizoma crassum,4-6 cm longum,1.2-2 cm crassum brunneum,striato-fasciatum in transectione lactaneumfibris numerosis.Caules erecti,viriduli vel purpurascentes,dense pu-     

中国车前属（车前科）一新组合——丰都车前

将Plantago erosa Wall. var. fengdouensis Z. E. Zhao & Y. Wang提升为一独立的种,即丰都车前P. fengdouensis (Z. E. Zhao & Y. Wang) Y. Wang & Z. Y. Li。该种由于花冠无毛,花丝着生于花冠近基部,子叶在种子中与腹面（种脐面）相平行,应属于车前亚属subgen. Plantago。丰都车前P. fengdouensis以植株干后变黑和种子较大的特征接近湿生车前P. cornuti Gouan,但其叶具牙齿或羽状锐裂,具3脉,苞片三角状卵形,花冠裂片狭三角形,蒴果纺锤状椭圆球形,近中部周裂,种子腹侧具1纵槽而不同于后者。     

湖南重楼属植物小志

通过多年的调查、标本采集和分类研究,初步查明湖南产重楼属植物5种、6变种和1变型。其中有2种（凌云重楼Paris cronquistii,北重楼Paris verticillata)、3变种（滇重楼Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis,卵叶重楼Paris delavayi var.petiolata,长药隔重楼Paris polyphylla var.pseudothibetica)和1变型（宽叶重楼Paris polyphlla var.stenophylla f.latifolia)为湖南新纪录。同时,还记录了各种、变种和变型的简要特点、分布和生境,并列出了它们的检索表。     

四种重楼属植物光合作用特征

Species of Paris (Trilliaceae) have often been used as medicinal plants. Because of excessive exploitation,in this regard the wild resource of Paris is almost exhausted. Some species of Paris were transplanted for use in photosynthesis research and for conservation purposes. In the present study, light and CO2 photosynthetic response curves were investigated in four Paris taxa: P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis and var. alba, P.mairei, and P.marmorata. Our results showed that P.marmorata had the highest maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax; 8.6μmol·m-2·s-1), light saturation point (LSP; 827μmol·m-2·s-1), maximum electron transport rate (Jmax; 39.9mol·m-2·s-1), a relatively high maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax; 28.9μmol·m-2·s-1) and carbon dioxide saturation point (Cisat; 726μmol·mol-1), but a lower light compensation point (LCP; 6.23μmol·m-2·s-1) and the lowest carbon dioxide compensation point (Г*; 20.7μmol·mol-1). This suggests that P.marmorata is well adapted to light and CO2; however it has a low ability to acclimate to environmental stress as indicated by low water use efficiency (WUE) in high light conditions. P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis had the highest light compensation point (LCP; 10.1μmol·m-2·s-1), carbon dioxide compensation point (Г*; 35.3μmol·mol-1), carbon dioxide saturation point (Cisat; 727μmol·mol-1), relatively high maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax; 7.5μmol·m-2·s-1) and light saturation point (LSP; 728μmol·m-2·s-1), maximum light saturated electron transfer rate (Jmax; 37.7μmol·m-2·s-1), suggesting that it is suitable for conditions of higher light and CO2 concentration. This taxon can adapt to adverse conditions, as suggested by high WUE under increased CO2 concentration. In contrast, P.polyphylla var. alba exhibited a relatively lower apparent quantum yield (AQY; 0.037μmol·mol-1) and poorer growth performance than the other taxa. We suggest from our results that different light and water conditions are suitable for the growth of the different taxa. Photosynthesis assimilation efficiency and production can be increased by raising humidity for P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P.marmorata. To protect plants of P.polyphylla var. alba from strong sunshine, they should be shaded from March to mid June.     

豆科长柄山蚂蝗属一新组合

Ohashi和Mill提出长柄山蚂蝗属的正确学名是Hylodesmum H.Ohashi&R.R.Mill,用以取代由来已久的属名Podocarpium（Benth.）Y.C.Yang&P.H.Huang。本文根据该属属名的变化,提出并确定澜沧长柄山蚂蝗的新组合名称为Hylodesmum lancangense（Y.Y.Qian X.Y.Zhu&H.Ohashi。