La（NO3）3浸种对NaCl胁迫下红小豆幼苗生长的影响

采用向1／2Hoagland营养液中按一定比例添加中性盐（NaCl）模拟盐胁迫的方式,研究了h（NO3）,浸种对盐胁迫下红小豆（Phaseolus angularis）幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：（1）与对照组相比,盐胁迫不同程度地降低了红小豆幼苗的株高、叶面积、地上部分鲜重、总根数及根系活力、根苗SOD、POD、CAT活性等,明显增加了根苗MDA含量水平。（2）使用适当浓度的La（NO3）3浸种可以提高对照组和盐处理组红小豆的株高、叶面积、总根长、总根数、叶绿素、根活力及SOD、POD和CAT活性,也可以显著降低根苗MDA含量水平,且大多表现出在盐胁迫下变化幅度高于正常处理。La（NO3）3浸种有利于缓解盐胁迫带来的不良影响。（3）低浓度的La（NO3）3浸种处理能够提高红小豆幼苗的耐盐性,缓解盐胁迫伤害,而高浓度处理则加剧了盐胁迫伤害。30mg／L La（NO3）3浸种对提高红小豆幼苗耐盐性的效果最好。     

La(NO3)3浸种对NaCl胁迫下红小豆幼苗生长的影响

采用向1/2Hoagland营养液中按一定比例添加中性盐(NaCl)模拟盐胁迫的方式,研究了La(NO₃)₃浸种对盐胁迫下红小豆(Phaseolus angularis)幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,盐胁迫不同程度地降低了红小豆幼苗的株高、叶面积、地上部分鲜重、总根数及根系活力、根苗SOD、POD、CAT活性等,明显增加了根苗MDA含量水平。(2)使用适当浓度的La(NO₃)₃浸种可以提高对照组和盐处理组红小豆的株高、叶面积、总根长、总根数、叶绿素、根活力及SOD、POD和CAT活性,也可以显著降低根苗MDA含量水平,且大多表现出在盐胁迫下变化幅度高于正常处理。La(NO₃)₃浸种有利于缓解盐胁迫带来的不良影响。(3)低浓度的La(NO₃)₃浸种处理能够提高红小豆幼苗的耐盐性,缓解盐胁迫伤害,而高浓度处理则加剧了盐胁迫伤害。30mg/LLa(NO₃)₃浸种对提高红小豆幼苗耐盐性的效果最好。     

镧浸种对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及其生理特征的影响

通过水培方式研究了0、25、50和100 mg/L硝酸镧浸种对盐胁迫条件下小麦品种临抗11和临优2069根系及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,盐胁迫处理小麦幼苗植株矮,根系短,叶片叶绿素含量、根系活性吸收面积以及SOD和CAT活性明显降低,叶片MDA与Pro含量水平显著上升;在钠离子浓度相同的情况下,Na2CO3对小麦生长的影响大于NaCl.(2)适当浓度硝酸镧浸种处理增加了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗的株高、总根长、根系活性吸收面积及SOD和CAT活性,且各指标在盐胁迫下增加幅度高于正常水分处理.(3)2个小麦品种对镧处理的敏感程度存在差异,不同小麦品种及不同盐胁迫下最适的镧浸种浓度不同.研究发现,适当浓度镧浸种能有效缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗的伤害,具有显著促进小麦根系生长、培育壮苗的作用.     

外源GSH对盐胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及抗逆生理指标的影响

采用营养液栽培法,研究外源谷胱甘肽(GSH)对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生长、根系活力、电解质渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,为利用外源物质减轻盐胁迫伤害提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)NaCl胁迫显著抑制了番茄幼苗的生长、根系活力和SOD、POD、CAT活性,提高了电解质渗透率及MDA、Pro、可溶性糖含量;(2)外源喷施GSH能够诱导NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性上调,电解质渗透率及MDA含量下降,Pro和可溶性糖含量恢复至对照水平;(3)外源喷施还原型谷胱甘肽抑制剂(BSO)使NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗的根系活力以及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性下降,脯氨酸含量提高;(4)喷施GSH可诱导BSO和NaCl共处理番茄植株的根系活力、SOD、POD、CAT活性提高,MDA和Pro含量降低。研究表明,外源GSH可通过提高促进盐胁迫下番茄幼苗植株渗透调节能力及清除活性氧的酶促系统的防御能力、降低细胞膜脂过氧化程度、保护膜结构的完整性,从而有效缓解NaCl胁迫对番茄幼苗生长的抑制,提高其耐盐性。     

稀土浸种对水旱地小麦根苗生长及产量的影响

以山西农业大学培育的冬小麦031165为供试材料,对水、旱地小麦采用浓度均为1 000 mg/kg的稀土溶液[La(NO3)3,Ce(NO3)3]进行浸种,研究其对小麦根苗生长、抗氧化酶系活性及产量的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫抑制了小麦根苗生长,降低了小麦的实际产量。无论干旱胁迫与否,稀土浸种均能显著提高不同生育期小麦株高、地上干重、叶面积及根系生物量;稀土浸种可提高部分生育期旗叶中SOD、POD活性,降低胞内MDA含量,显著提高小麦产量和经济系数,且在干旱胁迫下作用较明显。从整体上看,Ce浸种对小麦生长的促进作用比La浸种明显。     

等渗Ca（NO3）2和NaCl胁迫对黄瓜砧用南瓜幼苗生长和活性氧代谢的影响

以黄瓜砧用黑籽南瓜和白籽南瓜幼苗为材料,通过营养液栽培研究了等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫对南瓜幼苗生长和活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明,不同盐胁迫下两砧木幼苗生长和抗氧化系统活性均受到不同程度抑制;与黑籽南瓜相比,白籽南瓜‘青砧1号’植株的生物量和SOD、POD和CAT活性均较高,而盐害指数、膜相对透性、MDA含量及O2.-产生速率则明显降低。等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl对两砧木南瓜幼苗的盐胁迫效应不同,Ca(NO3)2胁迫对砧木生长的抑制作用及盐害指数、膜相对透性、MDA含量、O2.-产生速率均小于等渗的NaCl处理,而其SOD、POD、CAT活性高于NaCl处理。可见,白籽南瓜‘青砧1号’具有较强的生长势和有效清除体内活性氧能力,有效降低膜质过氧化伤害程度,这是其耐盐性高于黑籽南瓜的重要原因;Ca(NO3)2处理使两砧木幼苗细胞受氧化损伤程度较轻,对植株生长的抑制程度明显低于等渗的NaCl。     

KNO3引发对Ca(NO3)2单盐胁迫下茄子种子萌发和幼苗抗氧化特性的影响

通过3%KNO3溶液浸泡和室内光照培养对美引茄冠(Solanum melongena L.)在Ca(NO3)2胁迫下的种子萌发特性和幼苗耐盐性的影响进行研究.结果表明,在Ca(NO3)2胁迫下,经过KNO3引发处理的种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和幼苗干鲜重均显著高于对照;与对照相比,引发处理显著提高了幼苗叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则显著降低,膜脂过氧化程度较轻;引发处理植株叶片游离脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于对照.结果表明,经KNO3引发处理显著提高了茄子种子的活力并增强了其幼苗的耐盐性.     

水杨酸和硝普钠对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

以番茄品种‘秦丰保冠’为试材,采用营养液培养法,研究单独和复配施用外源水杨酸(SA)、一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)对100 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生长及生理特性的影响.结果显示:SA、SNP、SA+SNP处理均能显著提高盐胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量、幼苗根系活力,并显著降低叶片电解质渗漏率及丙二醛(MDA)含量,有效减轻盐胁迫对幼苗造成的伤害,促进幼苗的生长发育,其中SA+SNP复配处理效果最好.研究表明,外源SA和SNP处理均能通过提高番茄幼苗保护酶活性和脯氨酸含量来有效缓解盐胁迫伤害,且SA+SNP复配处理在提高番茄幼苗耐盐性方面具有协同增效作用.     

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内抗氧化酶活性的影响

以不同耐盐性黄瓜品种“长春密刺”和“津春2号”为材料,采用营养液栽培,研究了外源亚精胺(Spd)对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗叶片与根系中超氧阴离子(O2-.)产生速率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明,外源Spd对未经盐胁迫处理(对照)黄瓜幼苗体内O2-.产生速率、SOD、CAT和POD活性均无显著性影响;盐胁迫处理提高了O2-.产生速率,SOD、POD和CAT活性都有不同程度的升高;外源Spd处理进一步提高了盐胁迫下SOD、POD和CAT活性,减缓了O2-.产生速率。与耐盐型“长春密刺”品种相比,盐胁迫对盐敏感型“津春2号”影响较大,外源Spd对盐敏感型黄瓜品种盐胁迫伤害的缓解作用较大。表明盐胁迫下外源Spd可缓解盐胁迫对膜的伤害,从而提高黄瓜幼苗的耐盐性。     

外源NO对NaCl胁迫下辣椒幼苗氧化损伤的保护效应

以辣椒品种陇椒2号为试验材料,研究了外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对辣椒幼苗氧化损伤的影响.结果显示,在100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,辣椒叶片的MDA含量、质膜相对透性和脯氨酸含量均增加,保护酶SOD、CAT活性降低,而POD活性只在胁迫18 d时降低.0.1 mmol/L SNP处理可减缓NaCl胁迫下辣椒幼苗叶片MDA含量的上升,降低叶片质膜相对透性,并诱导SOD、POD和CAT活性增加,提高脯氨酸含量,表明外源NO可以通过提高盐胁迫下辣椒幼苗叶片组织的抗氧化能力来缓解氧化损伤.而SNP相似物NaNO2和K3Fe(CN)6处理对盐胁迫引起的氧化损伤并没有起到明显的缓解作用,进一步证实了NO对辣椒幼苗耐盐性具有专一性的调节作用.     

Synthesis and biological activity of 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3: comparison of the biological activity of 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 and 3-deoxyvitamin D3

The alteration in the biologic activity of the vitamin D3 molecule resulting from the replacement of a hydrogen atom with a fluorine atom is a subject of fundamental interest. To investigate this problem we synthesized 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 6 and its hydrogen analog, 3-deoxyvitamin D3 7, and tested the biologic activity of each by in vitro and in vivo methods. Contrary to previous reports which showed that 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 was as active as vitamin D3 in vivo, we found that the fluoro-analog was less active than vitamin D3. With regard to stimulation of intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization in the D-deficient hypocalcemic rat, 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 showed significantly greater biologic activity than its hydrogen analog, 3-deoxyvitamin D3. In the organ-cultured, embryonic chick duodenum, 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 was approx 1/1000th as active as the native hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, while 3-deoxyvitamin D3 was inactive even at microM concentrations, in the induction of the vitamin D-dependent, calcium-binding protein. With regard to in vitro activity in displacing radiolabeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 from vitamin D binding protein and radiolabelled 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from a chick intestinal cytosol receptor, 3 beta-fluorovitamin D3 and 3 beta-deoxyvitamin D3 both showed very poor binding efficiencies when compared with vitamin D3. Our results show that the substitution of a fluorine atom for a hydrogen atom at the C-3 position of the vitamin D3 molecule results in a fluorovitamin 6 with significantly more biological activity than its hydrogen analog, 3-deoxyvitamin D3 7.     

Ether-linked lipids of Balb/c3T3, SV3T3 and concanavalin A-selected SV3T3 revertant cells

Ether-linked lipids were analyzed in Balb/c3T3, SV3T3 and Concanavalin A-selected SV3T3 revertant cells. The three cell lines were found to contain significant quantities of alk-1-enyl- and alkyl-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and small amounts of alkyldiacylglycerols. Compared to 3T3 cells, SV3T3 cells contain a higher amount of alk-1-enyl-linked PC, while in SV3T3 revertant cells the concentrations of the various ether lipids are similar to those of 3T3 cells. The major difference in the composition of ether groups of SV3T3 cells, compared to 3T3 cells, is an increase of 18:0 accompanied by a decrease of 18:1 in the alk-1-enyl-linked PE and PC. Alk-1-enyl-linked PC of SV3T3 revertant cells also shows an increase of 18:0, while the decrease of 18:1 was not statistically significant.     

Differential adaptive response to hyperosmolarity of 3T3 and transformed SV3T3 cells

Both 3T3 and simian virus 40-transformed 3T3 (SV3T3) cells were used to investigate differences in population kinetics, protein synthesis, monovalent ion levels, and amino acid accumulations between normal and transformed cells exposed to hyperosmolarity at 0.5 Osm. Under similar culture conditions, SV3T3 cells were found to be more sensitive in their proliferative response than normal cells to the hyperosmolar treatment. In the normal 3T3 cells, the increase in transport of amino acids was less sustained and was associated with higher levels of accumulated amino acids. The equilibrium distribution of intracellular monovalent cations and the rate of protein synthesis also returned faster to baseline values in the normal cells than in the transformed cells. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) analysis revealed the induction of a 69-kDa polypeptide in the 3T3 cells but not in the SV3T3 cells after exposure to hyperosmolarity. On electrofocusing and relative mass analysis, this polypeptide closely migrated with the 70-kDa heat shock protein (hsp) family, although it was unrelated immunologically to the inducible 72-kDa hsp.     

Antioxidants-induced rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton in 3T3 and 3T3-SV40 fibroblasts

Effect of antioxidants on actin cytoskeleton in 3T3 fibroblasts and 3T3 fibroblasts transformed with SV40 virus (3T3-SV40 cells) was studied. Antioxidants used were as follows: N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), (-)-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine-carboxylic acid (OTZ), and glutathione in the reduced form (GSH). Both NAC and OTZ are precursors of GSH in the cell, but, in contrast to NAC, OTZ reduces inside the cell forming L-cysteine. The presence of NAC (5-20 mM) in the culture medium of both cell types resulted in loosening of monolayer, fragmentation of stress fibers, and the appearance of amorphous actin structures. As 3T3-SV40 cells contain less actin stress fibers than 3T3 cells, the NAC-induced rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton were stronger in these cells than in 3T3 cells. In contrast to NAC, OTZ (10-20 mM) did not destroy monolayer and did not induce any visible disappearance of stress fibers either in 3T3 or 3T3-SV40 cells. However, in the presence of OTZ, amorphous actin-containing structures were observed in 3T3-SV40 cells. The effect of glutathione on both cell types was similar to that of NAC. The time required for GSH-induced alterations of actin cytoskeleton (about 5 h) was consistent with the increase in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (4 h after addition of GSH to the culture medium). Upon removal of the antioxidants from the medium, actin filament structures were reconstructed. However, within 24 h after withdrawal of NAC or GSH, only a partial reconstruction of stress fibers was observed in 3T3 cells. On the contrary, 3T3-SV40 cells demonstrated formation of well-structured actin fibers similar to normal fibroblasts. These results suggest that GSH can act as a pro-oxidant in the absence of oxidative stress.     

Synchronization of mouse 3T3 and SV40 3T3 cells by way of centrifugal elutriation

Populations of G1 phase 3T3 and SV40 3T3 mouse fibroblasts have been isolated from exponentially growing cultures by the technique of centrifugal elutriation. Return of the G1 phase cells to growth conditions results in their synchronous passage through the cell cycle, as determined from monitoring of cell number, [³H]thymidine ([³H]TdR) incorporation and fraction of [³H]TdR labeled nuclei. The durations of G1, S and G2 phases are consistent with values obtained by previous investigators using conventional induction techniques for synchronization. The method for isolation of the G1 phase cells is rapid, the yield is high and the process does not appear to alter the temporal aspects of the cell cycle in either cell type.     

Export of Galectin-3 from Nuclei of Digitonin-Permeabilized Mouse 3T3 Fibroblasts

Galectin-3 is a galactose-/lactose-binding protein (M(r) approximately 30,000), identified as a required factor in the splicing of pre-mRNA. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that galectin-3 distributes differentially between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, depending on the proliferative state of the cells under analysis. Using digitonin-permeabilized mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, we provide evidence that galectin-3 is rapidly and selectively exported from the nucleus. Although both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated isoforms of galectin-3 are found in the nuclear fraction, only phosphorylated galectin-3 is identified in the exported fraction, implying that phosphorylation is important for the nuclear export of the protein. The rate of galectin-3 export is temperature dependent and is decreased by the addition of wheat germ agglutinin. More strikingly, galectin-3 export can be inhibited by the addition of leptomycin B, a drug that disrupts the interaction between the leucine-rich nuclear export signal and its receptor, CRM1 (chromosome maintenance region 1). Indeed, a putative leucine-rich nuclear export signal can be found in residues 241-249 of the murine galectin-3 sequence. Finally, gel filtration of the exported material showed that galectin-3 can be found in at least two high molecular weight complexes (approximately 650 and approximately 60 kDa), both of which can be disrupted by lactose.