苦苣苔科凹柱苣苔属在越南的发现及水晶凹柱苣苔的补充描述

中越边境喀斯特地区有着异乎寻常的植物多样性,已经成为全球生物多样性研究和保护的热点区域,近年来在该区发现了多个苦苣苔科植物的新种或新属。凹柱苣苔属是2010年才被建立的新属,该属的花与叶相比,花较大,叶相对较小,叶片边缘稍外卷,花序仅单花,柱头盘状或凹坑状,蒴果长椭球形而有别于苦苣苔科的其他属。凹柱苣苔属为喀斯特专性植物,目前仅包括分布于黔西南的凹柱苣苔和分布于滇东南的水晶凹柱苣苔两个物种。作者在开展中越边境喀斯特地区植物多样性调查时,在越南北部的河江省发现了水晶凹柱苣苔,基于该新发现居群的植物标本,对其进行了补充描述,确认其花期为11月—12月,并对该物种濒危状况进行了重新评估,同时提供了野外生态照片以资辨认。目前,越南已记录苦苣苔科植物32属150余种,凹柱苣苔属在越南北部的发现,不仅丰富了该国苦苣苔科植物的多样性,再一次充分证明了中越边境喀斯特地区是一个完整的植物区系地理单元,而且为稀有的水晶凹柱苣苔提供了更加丰富的野外本底资料,对其将来的深入研究和保护具有重要的生物地理学和保护生物学意义。     

Vocal Diversity and Taxonomy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nomascus</Emphasis> in Central Vietnam and Southern Laos

Previous researchers suggested that gibbon song repertoire is genetically determined and song characteristics are useful for assessing systematic relationships. The southern white-cheeked crested gibbon is regarded as either a subspecies of Nomascus leucogenys or its own species (Nomascus siki). I studied vocal diversity among different wild populations of Nomascus in central Vietnam and southern Laos to assess their taxonomic relationships and to examine whether their vocal patterns correspond to forms previously described for Nomascus siki. I examined the songs of 7 Nomascus populations in Vietnam and Laos. I analyzed 192 song bouts from different gibbon groups including 173 phrases of 42 females and 192 phrases of 42 males. Linear discriminant analysis, classification trees, and multidimensional scaling revealed marked separation of groups in the northern and southern populations. Within the 2 geographic populations, there is little variability and the vocal characteristics exhibited no apparent cline. I conclude that the northern and southern geographic populations may represent 2 distinct taxa. I postulate that a taxonal boundary such as large rivers existing between southern Quang Binh province and northern Thua-Thien Hue province in Vietnam and northern Phou Xang He NBCA and southern Dong Phou Vieng NBCA in Laos has limited gene flow between the populations. Differing topographic features could also serve as a selective force for improved sound transmission in a highly territorial species, driving the divergence between the 2 populations.     

Colony cycle of a “temperate” hover wasp, Eustenogaster nigra, with special reference to overwintering of males in an enveloped nest together with virgin females (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Stenogastrinae)

Eustenogaster nigra in the northern part of Vietnam has a synchronized, bivoltine colony cycle with winter dormancy. The males go through the winter dormancy in an envelope nest together with virgin females, and mating takes place after they emerge from the winter dormancy. The individuals overwintering in a given nest are often non-sibs. Females, including those emerging from the winter dormancy, start their colony singly. These suggest that winter nests function simply as hibernacula. The solitary life in E. nigra in northern Vietnam is discussed in comparison with that of E. scitula in central Vietnam where the mating usually takes place before entering the winter dormancy and only females overwinter. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Received 8 June 2008; revised 18 September 2008; accepted 23 September 2008.     

Redescription of the East Asian bagrid catfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudobagrus kyphus</Emphasis> Mai, 1978, and a new record from China

 A small species (<90 mm SL) of the bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus kyphus Mai, 1978, originally described from northern Vietnam, is newly recorded from China and redescribed in detail. The species is distributed in rivers flowing into Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin); i.e., the Song Hong River basin in northern Vietnam, and rivers on the southern side of Mts. Shiwan–Dashan in southernmost Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, China. Partial nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA are also described and compared among the populations.     

New species of Peliosanthes,Rohdea and Tupistra (Asparagaceae) from Laos and Vietnam

We describe and illustrate four new species, Peliosanthes choriandra, P. tatianae and Tupistra orlovii from central to northern Laos, and Rohdea filosa from northern Vietnam. These are all very local in distribution and endemic to the respective countries. We also report new localities and their ecological conditions for five other species of Peliosanthes (P. argenteostriata, P. hirsuta, P. irinae, P. micrantha and P. nivea) recently described from Laos and/or Vietnam. Furthermore, Peliosanthes nivea is recorded as new to the flora of Laos.     

A revision of the family Petrosaviaceae in Vietnam

The family Petrosaviaceae is represented by two species in Vietnam, viz. Petrosavia sakuraii restricted to the northern part of the country and P. stellaris distributed in its southern part. The latter species is shown to possess a wide range of distribution in Vietnam, though it was previously believed to be an exclusively Malesian species. The inclusion of P. sinii in P. sakuraii is confirmed. Details on distribution, illustrations and an identification key for these species are provided.     

New species of Ophiopogon,Peliosanthes and Tupistra (Asparagaceae s.l.) in the flora of Vietnam

Five new species named Peliosanthes aperta, P. elegans, P. kenhillii, Tupistra densiflora and T. patula are described and illustrated. These species are very local in distribution and endemic to northern or southern Vietnam. Two other species, Ophiopogon ogisui and Peliosanthes griffithii, are recorded as new to the flora of Vietnam. A key to the species of Tupistra occurring in Indochina and its neighboring regions is also provided.     

The Protohermes fruhstorferi species group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Corydalinae), with description of a new species from Vietnam

A new species group, the Protohermes fruhstorferi group of the dobsonfly genus Protohermes, is recognised. Three species belonging to the new species group are described and illustrated, including one new species from northern Vietnam.     

931. RHODODENDRON SUOILENHENSE

A new species of Rhododendron, R. suoilenhense D.F. Chamberlain, Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong & Rushforth, is described from northern Vietnam and illustrated. Its discovery and distribution are noted. Suggestions for its cultivation are given.     

越南北部齿蛉及鱼蛉种类纪要（广翅目：齿蛉科）

基于近3年意大利佛罗伦萨大学与越南国家自然博物馆联合考察采集的标本,记述越南北部齿蛉科4属18种,包括6个越南新记录种:普通齿蛉Neoneuromus ignobilis Navás,1932、东方齿蛉N.orientalis Liu&Yang,2004、锡金齿蛉N.sikkimensis(van der Weele,1907)、广西星齿蛉Protohermesguangxiensis Yang&Yang,1986、台湾斑鱼蛉Neochauliodes formosanus(Okamoto,1910)和污翅斑鱼蛉N.fraternus(McLachlan,1869)。     

Notes on taxonomy and new taxa of Aspidistra (Ruscaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam

One new species of Aspidistra, i.e. A. nutans, and one new variety, i.e. A. tillichiana var. latifolia, recently discovered in Vietnam are described and illustrated. In addition, the rank of species is proposed for A. formosa widely distributed in northern Vietnam but originally described as a variety of A. fungilliformis. Aspidistra subrotata is recorded as a new species for the flora of Laos. Data on ecology, phenology, natural variation, distribution and expected conservation status are provided for these plants.     

Aspidistra laotica,A. multiflora,A. oviflora and A. semiaperta spp. nov. (Asparagaceae,Convallariaceae s.s.) from eastern Indochina

Aspidistra laotica, A. multiflora, A. oviflora and A. semiaperta discovered recently are described and illustrated as species new to science. All novelties are local endemics of northern Vietnam and central Laos.     

越南苦苣苔科植物国家级分布新记录——大苞漏斗苣苔

漏斗苣苔属(Raphiocarpus Chun)是分布于中国至中南半岛一带的小属,主要产于中国华南西南抵越南北部至中部,但之前中越两国共有分布的该属物种仅有3个种。大苞漏斗苣苔[Raphiocarpus begoniifolius(Lévl.)Burtt]一度被认为是中国的特有种,仅分布在中国的广西西北部、贵州西南部、云南东南部和湖北西北部,尚未见有在越南的相关研究报道。该文首次报道了越南植物区系中大苞漏斗苣苔的国家级分布新记录,使得中越两国共有分布的该属物种上升到了4个种,并着重讨论了大苞漏斗苣苔与其近缘种长筒漏斗苣苔[Raphiocarpus macrosiphon(Hance)Burtt]的区别特征,进一步完善了越南所分布的漏斗苣苔属植物检索表。根据中越两国的各自与联合野外考察工作对该种的濒危现状进行了讨论,为中越两国开展该种乃至该属植物的保育提供了直接证据。凭证标本保存于越南生物资源与生态研究所标本馆(HN)中。     

Effect of temperature on the in vitro reproductive fitness of Pratylenchus coffeae populations from Vietnam

The in vitro reproductive fitness on carrot discs of 10 Pratylenchus coffeae populations collected from different agricultural crops in different agro-ecological regions in Vietnam was studied and compared with the reproductive fitness of a P. coffeae population from Ghana. Few major differences in in vitro reproductive fitness on carrot discs among the 10 P. coffeae populations from Vietnam examined (with the exception of one population originally isolated from the roots of an unidentified ornamental tree and one population originally isolated from banana), and between these populations and the P. coffeae population originally isolated from banana in Ghana were observed. Our observations indicate that although the optimum temperature for reproduction of three P. coffeae populations from Vietnam examined is 25?°C to, at least, 30?°C, these populations are also tolerant to low temperatures (15–20?°C) enabling them to survive the low temperatures which occur during the winter in the northern and central parts of Vietnam.     

Aristolochia bidoupensis sp. nov. from southern Vietnam

Aristolochia bidoupensis Do sp. nov. is newly described. This new species, currently only known from southern Vietnam, is most similar to Aristolochia faviogonzalezii (northern Vietnam) and A. moupinensis (China), but can be distinguished from the latter two by the following characters: flowers terminal, axillary, solitary, peduncle 1.3–1.5 cm long, bracteole ovate, 3–4 × 2–3 mm, limb discoid‐shaped with three expanded lobes, not revolute, internal surface uniformly dark purple, smooth, throat uniformly golden without dots. Morphological characters such as a 3‐lobed gynostemium and a 3‐lobed limb place the new species in A. subgen. Siphisia.     

Distichochlamys rubrostriata (Zingiberaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam

A third species of the until recently monotypic genusDistichochlamys (Zingiberaceae) is described from living and preserved material collected in northern Vietnam.Distichochlamys rubrostriata is distinguished from the original species,D. citrea, and the recently describedD. orlowii, on the basis of leaf, inflorescence bract, lateral staminode, and labellum characters.     

直果银莲花(毛茛科)确认在越南有分布

毛茛科直果银莲花(Anemone orthocarpa Hand.-Mazz.)长期以来仅记录分布于我国贵州西南部兴义县。通过标本检查,我们确认该种在越南北部老街省沙巴市也有分布。     

Michelia xianianhei sp. nov. (Magnoliaceae) from northern Vietnam

Michelia xianianhei Q. N. Vu, a new species of Michelia from Dien Bien Province, northern Vietnam is described and illustrated. Michelia xianianhei is closely related to M. balansae (Aug. DC.) Dandy but differs mainly in the young twigs, petioles, terminal buds and brachyblasts being densely greyish silky hairy, 9–11 yellowish tepals, bigger fruit, and shorter fruiting gynophore.     

A new subspecies of Tesia olivea (Sylviidae) from Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand

We collected several individuals of the Slaty-bellied Tesia Tesia olivea in the temperate rain forest of the sub-Himalayan region of northeastern Burma/Myanmar in February/March 2004 and March 2006. Subsequent comparison of these with T. olivea from northeastern India and northern Thailand revealed that while our northeastern Burma/Myanmar birds were similar to those from northeastern India, specimens of both populations were distinctly different from T. olivea from Chiang Mai Province of northern Thailand and northern Vietnam. Herein, we designate the latter populations as members of a new subspecies of T. olivea based on analyses of variations in morphometric characters, plumage, song, and mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequence.