丝裂原活化蛋白激酶15纳米抗体的制备及其在B16-F10黑素瘤细胞生长过程中的抑制作用

丝裂原活化蛋白激酶15 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 15,MAPK15),又称ERK7或ERK8,是MAPK家族的非典型新成员。MAPK15不同程度地促进不同肿瘤细胞的增殖、迁移、自噬等细胞活动。本研究以MAPK15为靶点,筛选特异性的MAPK15纳米抗体,评估其是否能够作为免疫组织化学和Western印迹中的一抗用于其抗原表达的检测,并探究该纳米抗体在B16-F10黑色素瘤细胞中的作用。通过噬菌体展示技术从B16-F10黑色素瘤细胞纳米抗体文库中进行筛选,得到1株MAPK15特异性纳米抗体,命名为MAPK15-VHH;将该菌株构建原核表达载体,进行优化诱导表达条件时发现,0.6 nmol/L IPTG,15℃,100 r/min条件下该纳米抗体的上清表达量最高。通过竞争ELISA法检测MAPK15-VHH的亲和力,结果显示,该抗体K_D值为0.9829。通过Western印迹和免疫组织化学检测脑组织中MAPK15在蛋白质水平的表达量及分布情况,结果表明,MAPK15-VHH可与组织中的MAPK15结合,用于检测MAPK15蛋...     

LncRNA00067110通过靶向Cabyr调控B16-F10细胞增殖、凋亡和黑色素生成

长非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类转录长度大于200个核苷酸的非编码RNA。现已证明,多个lncRNA是潜在的癌症治疗靶点。LncRNA00067110是从小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞和正常黑色素细胞转录物组图谱中发现的差异表达基因。为研究lncRNA00067110是否调控B16-F10细胞的增殖、凋亡和黑色素生成,本文通过LncTar预测和双荧光酶活性验证了钙结合酪氨酸磷酸化调节蛋白(Cabyr) 和lncRNA00067110存在靶向关系。通过构建lncRNA00067110的过表达载体,转染B16-F10细胞,经过对B16-F10细胞的转录图谱分析,并对细胞增殖、凋亡和黑色素生成的表型以及相关基因表达变化进行了检测。结果显示,lncRNA00067110靶向Cabyr,在过表达lncRNA00067110的B16细胞中,17个基因呈差异表达。其中,Cabyr的表达被上调,细胞增殖相关基因MEK/ERK/MNK/CREB和黑色素生成相关基因TYR家族成员及CREB的mRNA和蛋白质水平显著被下调,凋亡相关基因AKT和Bcl-2的mRNA水平和蛋白质丰度被上调。进一步通过细胞增殖和凋亡的表型的变化验证了lncRNA00067110的功能。结果提示,lncRNA00067110通过靶向Cabyr,调控相关基因表达,从而抑制B16-F10细胞的增殖和黑色素生成,并诱导黑色素瘤细胞的凋亡,可能成为治疗和抑制黑色素瘤的新的靶点。     

花青素单一成分矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷抑制B16-F10细胞增殖和迁移的机理

本研究旨在探讨花青素单一成分矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷(cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Cy-3-glu)对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10增殖和迁移的影响,并阐明相关机理。用不同浓度Cy-3-glu处理B16-F10细胞,采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,划痕法检测细胞迁移情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,real-time PCR检测细胞周期相关基因的m RNA表达水平,Western blot检测p-AKT、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)和波形蛋白(vimentin)的相对表达水平,并用小动物活体成像仪检测B16-F10细胞在C57BL/6J小鼠体内的生长和迁移情况。结果显示,Cy-3-glu能明显抑制体外B16-F10细胞的生长(P 0.001)和迁移(P 0.01),使细胞周期阻滞在S期。Cy-3-glu作用后p-AKT (P 0.05)、N-cadherin和vimentin (P 0.001)表达水平显著下降,E-cadherin表达水平升高(P 0.05)。饲喂Cy-3-glu饲料的肿瘤模型C57BL/6J小鼠肿瘤大小和重量显著减小(P 0.05),肿瘤的转移水平也明显降低。以上结果提示,Cy-3-glu通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号、调节细胞黏附和迁移信号使B16-F10细胞周期停滞在S期,最终抑制其在体内和体外的增殖和迁移。     

花青素单一成分矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷抑制B16-F10细胞增殖和迁移的机理北大核心CSCD

本研究旨在探讨花青素单一成分矢车菊-3-O-葡萄糖苷(cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, Cy-3-glu)对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10增殖和迁移的影响,并阐明相关机理。用不同浓度Cy-3-glu处理B16-F10细胞,采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,划痕法检测细胞迁移情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,real-time PCR检测细胞周期相关基因的m RNA表达水平,Western blot检测p-AKT、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、N-钙黏蛋白(N-cadherin)和波形蛋白(vimentin)的相对表达水平,并用小动物活体成像仪检测B16-F10细胞在C57BL/6J小鼠体内的生长和迁移情况。结果显示,Cy-3-glu能明显抑制体外B16-F10细胞的生长(P <0.001)和迁移(P <0.01),使细胞周期阻滞在S期。Cy-3-glu作用后p-AKT (P <0.05)、N-cadherin和vimentin (P <0.001)表达水平显著下降,E-cadherin表达水平升高(P <0.05)。饲喂Cy-3-glu饲料的肿瘤模型C57BL/6J小鼠肿瘤大小和重量显著减小(P <0.05),肿瘤的转移水平也明显降低。以上结果提示,Cy-3-glu通过抑制PI3K/AKT信号、调节细胞黏附和迁移信号使B16-F10细胞周期停滞在S期,最终抑制其在体内和体外的增殖和迁移。     

过表达核糖核酸酶抑制因子通过调节ILK/PI3K/AKT信号途径抑制小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞体内外生长

核糖核酸酶抑制因子（ribonuclease inhibitor,RI）是胞浆内的一种酸性蛋白质.已有研究证明,RI与核糖核酸酶A（RNaseA）和血管生成素（angiogenin,ANG）结合可抑制其活性.本室前期实验证实,RI可有效抑制某些肿瘤的生长和转移. 然而,RI抑制肿瘤的分子机制尚不清楚. 本研究探讨RI对小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞生长和凋亡的影响及其机制. MTT法结合流式细胞术分析结果证明,RI基因稳定转染导致B16+F10黑色素瘤细胞S期阻滞,抑制B16-F10黑色素瘤细胞增殖. Annexin V/PI结合流式细胞术结果显示,RI过表达引起细胞凋亡.与此相一致,蛋白质印迹分析显示,过表达RI引起抗凋亡分子Bcl-2表达下调,而Bax上调,同时伴有Pro-casepase 3激活. C57BL/ 6小鼠移植成瘤实验显示,与对照相比,转染RI的B16-F10细胞形成的肿瘤重量显著减少,同时伴有肿瘤组织微血管密度降低.提示RI过表达能抑制微血管生成. 此外,体内外组织/细胞免疫化学和蛋白质印迹结果揭示,过表达RI可显著抑制整合素连接激酶(integrin-linked kinase,ILK)下游靶分子Akt和GSK-3β的磷酸化,并降低β-联蛋白的表达.研究结果证明,过表达RI可通过抑制ILK/ PI3K/AKT信号通路,促进细胞凋亡,引起S期阻滞,并抑制血管生成,从而显著抑制小鼠黑色素瘤B16-F10细胞在体内、外的生长.上述结果提示,RI可能是治疗黑色素瘤的有效分子靶点.     

重组天花粉蛋白与-16联合用药抑制黑色素瘤细胞增殖及成瘤

获得人源天花粉蛋白并研究其与YH-16联合用药对小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10增殖及成瘤的作用。以大肠杆菌BL21重组表达天花粉蛋白r TCS并以亲和层析法纯化r TCS;以MTT法检测r TCS、YH-16、r TCS+YH-16对B16-F10细胞生长的影响;体内实验检测r TCS、r TCS+YH-16对瘤体生长的作用。结果表明,获得了电泳纯重组天花粉蛋白r TCS;r TCS可显著抑制B16-F10细胞增殖,并且抑制率显著高于YH-16组,但是r TCS与YH-16联合处理组并未比r TCS组有显著差异;r TCS与YH-16联合用药明显抑制B16-F10细胞在小鼠体内成瘤。重组天花粉蛋白r TCS联合YH-16用药对黑色素瘤细胞B16-F10的增殖及成瘤有显著抑制作用。联合策略将为治疗黑色素瘤患者提供新的契机。     

两种天然产物对B16F10细胞增殖及黑色素合成抑制机理研究

旨在研究10-羟基喜树碱(10-hydroxycamptothecin,HCPT)和白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,Res)对体外培养的小鼠恶性黑色素瘤B16F10细胞的增殖及黑色素合成抑制机理。利用MTT法、显微观察、L-Dopa氧化法、Na OH裂解法分析不同浓度HCPT和Res对细胞增殖、细胞形态、酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成含量的影响。荧光半定量PCR方法(Semi-RT-PCR)分析该化合物对黑色素合成关键因子酪氨酸酶(TYR)和小眼相关转录因子(MITF)基因表达的影响。结果表明HCPT(40、80、120、160和200μmol/L)和Res(80、120、160和200μmol/L)能够通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制B16F10细胞的增殖,同时对酪氨酸酶活性和细胞黑色素生成具有明显抑制作用(P0.05),且呈现浓度依赖性。另外,不同浓度的HCPT以及高浓度Res(120和160μmol/L)能够显著下调B16F10细胞TYR和MITF基因的mRNA水平。HCPT和Res可能通过诱导细胞凋亡抑制B16F10细胞的增殖,同时通过下调MITF基因转录,抑制TYR m RNA的表达及TYR酶活性,进而抑制细胞黑色素的生成。     

冬虫夏草提取物的美白作用

以冬虫夏草提取物(Chinese cordyceps extract)为研究对象,通过蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性抑制试验和小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)黑素合成抑制试验考察冬虫夏草提取物的美白活性。结果显示冬虫夏草提取物(质量浓度40～200 mg/m L)呈剂量依赖性抑制蘑菇酪氨酸酶的活性,且在安全剂量(质量浓度0.1～0.5 mg/m L)下显著抑制小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤细胞(B16-F10)内的黑色素合成(P0.05)。说明冬虫夏草提取物能通过抑制酪氨酸酶活性有效阻滞黑色素的合成,从而实现美白作用。     

黑色素瘤细胞单域抗体文库的构建及鉴定

黑色素瘤作为一种多发于皮肤部位的恶性肿瘤,严重危害着动物和人们的健康。与传统抗体比较,单域抗体具有结构简单、分子量小、免疫原性弱等特点,使其在疾病的诊断及治疗方面具有广阔的应用空间。本研究以B16-F10细胞蛋白质为研究对象,通过反复冻融与超声破碎相结合的方式获得B16-F10蛋白质作为抗原,免疫成年雄性羊驼。采用噬菌体单域抗体展示技术,构建了质量优良的B16-F10细胞蛋白质单域抗体免疫文库,其库容为5.76 × 10¹⁰,VHH重组率为96%,文库丰度为3.00 × 10¹⁰个/mL。该结果为研究黑色素瘤的生物学特性提供了新思路,同时也为后续筛选B16-F10单域抗体奠定了基础。     

黑色素瘤细胞单域抗体文库的构建及鉴定

黑色素瘤作为一种多发于皮肤部位的恶性肿瘤,严重危害着动物和人们的健康。与传统抗体比较,单域抗体具有结构简单、分子量小、免疫原性弱等特点,使其在疾病的诊断及治疗方面具有广阔的应用空间。本研究以B16-F10细胞蛋白质为研究对象,通过反复冻融与超声破碎相结合的方式获得B16-F10蛋白质作为抗原,免疫成年雄性羊驼。采用噬菌体单域抗体展示技术,构建了质量优良的B16-F10细胞蛋白质单域抗体免疫文库,其库容为5.76 × 10¹⁰,VHH重组率为96%,文库丰度为3.00 × 10¹⁰个/mL。该结果为研究黑色素瘤的生物学特性提供了新思路,同时也为后续筛选B16-F10单域抗体奠定了基础。     

Melanogenesis stimulation in B16-F10 melanoma cells induces cell cycle alterations, increased ROS levels and a differential expression of proteins as revealed by proteomic analysis

Considering that stimulation of melanogenesis may lead to alterations of cellular responses, besides melanin production, our main goal was to study the cellular effects of melanogenesis stimulation of B16-F10 melanoma cells. Our results show increased levels of the reactive oxygen species after 15 h of melanogenesis stimulation. Following 48 h of melanogenesis stimulation, proliferation was inhibited (by induction of cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase) and the expression levels of p21 mRNA were increased. In addition, melanogenesis stimulation did not induce cellular senescence. Proteomic analysis demonstrated the involvement of proteins from other pathways besides those related to the cell cycle, including protein disulfide isomerase A3, heat-shock protein 70, and fructose biphosphate aldolase A (all up-regulated), and lactate dehydrogenase (down-regulated). In RT-qPCR experiments, the levels of pyruvate kinase M2 mRNA dropped, whereas the levels of ATP synthase (beta-F1) mRNA increased. These data indicate that melanogenesis stimulation of B16-F10 cells leads to alterations in metabolism and cell cycle progression that may contribute to an induction of cell quiescence, which may provide a mechanism of resistance against cellular injury promoted by melanin synthesis.     

Phytochemical potential of Daphne gnidium in inhibiting growth of melanoma cells and enhancing melanogenesis of B16-F0 melanoma

In this study, we have investigated inhibitory capacity of ethyl acetate, total oligomer flavonoid (TOF), aqueous extracts and beta amyrin acetate, a triterpene isolated from ethyl acetate extract obtained from leaves of Daphne gnidium, on mouse melanoma (B16-F0 and B16-F10 cells) proliferation. Influence of these products on percentage cell distribution in cycle phases and melanogenesis was also studied. Cell viability was determined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and flow cytometry was used to analyse effects of tested compounds on progression through the cell cycle. In addition, amounts of melanin and tyrosinase were measured spectrophotometrically at 475 nm. Ethyl acetate, TOF and aqueous extracts exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity after incubation with the two types of tumour skin cells B16-F0 and B16-F10. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis revealed that cells treated with ethyl acetate and TOF extracts were arrested predominantly in G2-M phase. Ethyl acetate extract has also the ability to enhance melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity of B16-F0 melanoma cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stimulation of melanogenesis in murine melanoma cells by 2-mercapto-1-(beta-4-pyridethyl) benzimidazole (MPB)

The effects of 2-mercapto-1-(beta-4-pyridethyl) benzimidazole (MPB), one of the benzimidazole derivatives designed for a nucleic acid analogue, on melanogenesis of murine B16-F10 melanoma cell lines were investigated. MPB (40 microM) induced a striking dendricity in B16 melanoma cells within 12 h and maximal dendricity between 48 and 72 h. The stimulation of melanin synthesis was observed after only 2 days of treatment together with a dose-dependent growth inhibition. Moreover, MPB increased the activity of tyrosinase through the expression of tyrosinase mRNA without increasing the intracellular cyclic AMP content. MPB-induced melanogenesis was inhibited by novel protein kinase A inhibitors, KT-5720 and H-85. These findings indicate that MPB stimulated B16 cells to terminally differentiate and may be a useful drug in studying the regulation of melanogenesis.     

Mechanism of the melanogenesis stimulation activity of (-)-cubebin in murine B16 melanoma cells

(-)-Cubebin showed a melanogenesis stimulation activity in a concentration-dependent manner in murine B16 melanoma cells without any significant effects on cell proliferation. Tyrosinase activity was increased at 24-72 h after addition of cubebin to B16 cells, and then intracellular melanin amount was increased at 48-96 h after the treatment. The expression levels of tyrosinase were time-dependently enhanced after the treatment with cubebin. At the same time, the expression levels of tyrosinase mRNA were also increased after addition of cubebin. Furthermore Western blot analysis revealed that cubebin elevated the level of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, completely blocked cubebin-induced expression of tyrosinase mRNA in B16 cells. These results suggested that cubebin increased melanogenesis in B16 cells through the enhancement of tyrosinase expression mediated by activation of p38 MAPK.     

Human placental lipid induces melanogenesis through p38 MAPK in B16F10 mouse melanoma

Melanogenesis is one of the characteristic functional activities of melanocyte/melanoma and is regulated via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) pathways. Placental total lipid fraction (PTLF), prepared from a hydroalcoholic extract of fresh term human placenta contains sphingolipids and was recently shown to stimulate melanogenesis via up-regulation of the key enzyme tyrosinase in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. How such lipids mediate their effects on pigmentation and tyrosinase expression is a particularly important aspect of melanogenesis. To study the signaling that leads to tyrosinase expression, we have investigated the roles of the MAPK and Akt/PKB pathways in B16F10 melanoma cells in melanogenesis in response to PTLF. Treatment of cells with PTLF led to the time dependent phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, completely blocked the PTLF-induced melanogenesis by inhibiting promoter activity and subsequent expression of tyrosinase. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002 a blocker of the Akt signaling pathway, or an inhibitor of MEK (MAPK/ERK Kinase), PD98059 when included along with PTLF was found to potentiate PTLF-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK together with tyrosinase expression and melanogenesis. The results suggest that the activation of p38 MAPK plays a crucial role in PTLF-induced B16F10 melanogenesis by up-regulating tyrosinase expression.     

Melanogenesis inhibitors from Rabdosia japonica

The effects of the four major ent-kaurene diterpenoids isolated from the aerial part of Rabdosia japonica (Labiatae) on murine B16-F10 melanoma cells were investigated. Among the compounds tested, oridonin and nodosin most significantly suppressed cellular melanin production when the cells were cultured with these diterpenoids. However, oridonin and nodosin exhibited cytotoxicity against the same melanoma cells with an IC(50) of 1.1μM (0.40μg/ml) and of 1.3μM (0.47μg/ml) and almost complete lethality was observed at 4.0μM and at 8.0μM, respectively, and therefore observed melanogenesis inhibition is mainly due to its melanocytotoxic effect. Morphological observation showed that oridonin or nodosin treated B16-F10 melanoma cells induced dendrite structure. Diterpenoids quickly formed adducts partly in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) containing 10% of fetal bovine serum (10% FBS-DMEM) before their application to the cells. Approximately 20% of oridonin formed adducts within the first 15min. Notably, dihydronodosin exhibited inferior cytotoxicity (>85% cell viability at 100μM) but still significantly suppressed melanogenesis (>55%) when murine B16-F10 melanoma cells were cultured with this diterpenoid derivatives. Hence, dihydronodosin can be a potential melanogenesis inhibitor.