白细胞介素-6对新生大鼠海马神经元电压依赖离子通道和NMDA电流的影响

目的: 研究白细胞介素-6对海马神经元电压依赖离子通道和NMDA电流的影响.方法: 应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察IL-6对电压依赖性钠通道电流(INa),延迟整流性钾通道电流(IK),电压依赖性钙通道电流(ICa),NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate)受体通道电流的影响.结果: 50 ng/ml IL-6作用24 h后IK 和ICa明显减小,Cm明显增大.50,500 ng/ml时减小NMDA电流.结论: IL-6通过作用于电压依赖钾通道,钙离子通道及NMDA通道影响神经元功能.     

白细胞介素-6对新生大鼠海马神经元电压依赖离子通道和NMDA电流的影响

目的 :研究白细胞介素 6对海马神经元电压依赖离子通道和NMDA电流的影响。方法 :应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察IL 6对电压依赖性钠通道电流 (INa) ,延迟整流性钾通道电流 (IK) ,电压依赖性钙通道电流 (ICa) ,NMDA(N methyl D aspartate)受体通道电流的影响。结果 :5 0ng/mlIL 6作用 2 4h后IK和ICa明显减小 ,Cm明显增大。 5 0 ,5 0 0ng/ml时减小NMDA电流。结论 :IL 6通过作用于电压依赖钾通道 ,钙离子通道及NMDA通道影响神经元功能。     

不同培养条件对拟南芥根细胞膜片钳记录的影响

本文以沙培养法、蛭石培养法、土培养法、水培养法和MS培养基等不同的方法培养拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana),分析了不同培养方法对根生长发育的影响,并分别分离根的原生质体.在膜片钳记录中对不同来源的根原生质体状态进行了比较.结果表明,土培养法分离的原生质体最适于膜片钳记录.     

不同培养条件对拟南芥根细胞膜片钳记录的影响

本文以沙培养法、蛭石培养法、土培养法、水培养法和MS培养基等不同的方法培养拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana),分析了不同培养方法对根生长发育的影响,并分别分离根的原生质体。在膜片钳记录中对不同来源的根原生质体状态进行了比较。结果表明,土培养法分离的原生质体最适于膜片钳记录。     

大鼠离体脑片癫痫放电特征及EC—海马环路的作用

目的和方法：采用４００～５００μｍ大鼠水平脑切片强直电刺激海马Ｓｃｈａｅｆｅｒ侧枝（６０Ｈｚ、２ｓ）全细胞、细胞外同步记录ＣＡ１神经元胞体电活动和相应树突区场电位,探讨其在癫痫发生中的作用。结果：①５３片脑片上记录到细胞内、外同步发生的原发性后放,持续２０ｓ以上,放电形式和持续时间常在第６个刺激串后趋于稳定。ＣＡ１神经元的原发性后放常跟在强直电刺激引起的阵发性去极化或超极化偏移之后（ＰＤＳ、ＰＨＳ）。它可以从紧张性放电向爆发性放电转化,振幅逐渐递增并与细胞外癫痫样放电同步,产生癫痫放电极性偏移;②其中８／４０脑片细胞外可记录到继发性后放之后出现的自发性发作样癫痫放电,长达数分钟,与全细胞记录的ＥＰＳＰ同步。切断ＥＣ与海马之间的联系可以易化海马癫痫电活动（３／５）。结论：ＥＣ输入到海马的神经通路可能在封闭的ＥＣ海马环路中起着重要的门控作用     

不同年龄大鼠心肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流的变化

本文旨在研究心肌细胞瞬时外向钾电流(transient outward potassium current,Ito)的随龄变化及其药物反应性改变。Sprague Dawley大鼠28只,分为青年组(3~5月龄)、成年组(13~15月龄)和老年组(22~24月龄)。酶法分离心室肌细胞,应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录各组Ito。并于细胞外液分别加入1.0μmol/L异丙肾上腺素和2.0mmol/L4-氨基吡啶干预,观察Ito的变化。结果显示,与青年组和成年组相比,老年组Ito电流密度显著增加。门控动力学研究显示,老年组Ito电流稳态激活曲线左移,通道关闭态失活速率明显降低,稳态失活后恢复速率加快,而稳态失活过程无明显变化。老年组Ito对选择性抑制剂4-氨基吡啶的反应性与青年组和成年组相似,但老年组Ito对β受体激动剂异丙肾上腺素的反应性却明显弱于青年组和成年组,各组电流密度分别增加55.9%、127.5%和125.8%。上述结果提示,随着大鼠年龄的增加,心肌细胞Ito电流密度显著升高,与通道门控的激活、关闭态失活和失活后恢复机制改变有关,且老年鼠Ito对异丙肾上腺素的反应性降低。     

重复膜片钳法研究MPP+对神经元钙电流作用

细胞膜片钳技术是研究膜离子通道的有效方法.在单个细胞上反复形成多次全细胞构型从而在同一细胞上观察某些药物的长时间作用对于通道膜电流的影响.利用全细胞构型下胞浆与电极内液的连通可以方便地向胞内引入药物.以此法研究MPP⁺多巴胺能神经瘤细胞(MN9D)的毒性作用表明MPP⁺导致细胞电压依赖性钙电流(I_Ca)显著下降;MPP⁺作用1 h以内高去极化电压较低去极化电压诱发的钙电流先受MPP⁺影响而下降; MPP⁺对未分化细胞的钙电流无显著作用(n=3).     

适于电生理学研究的新生大鼠中枢神经元培养

将分散的新生大鼠皮层神经元种在预先已培养了１０－１４ｄ的胶质细胞上,可使接种密度降至２．５×１０５／ｍｌ,同时细胞呈分散状生长,利于进行电生理学研究。采用膜片钳技术,在膜片钳放大器上记录了培养神经元的电生理特性,证明在未实验提供的培养条件下,神经元生长良好,保持了很好的生理功能。     

大鼠全脑缺血后海马CA1区锥体神经元L型钙通道电流的改变(英文)

已有研究表明在脑缺血期间及再灌流后早期,海马CA1锥体神经元细胞内钙浓度明显升高,这一钙超载被认为是缺血性脑损伤的重要机制之一.电压依赖性钙通道是介导正常CA1神经元钙内流的主要途径.实验观察了脑缺血再灌流后早期海马CA1锥体神经元电压依赖性L型钙通道的变化.以改良的四血管闭塞法制作大鼠 15min前脑缺血模型,在急性分离的海马CA1神经元上,采用膜片钳细胞贴附式记录L型电压依赖性钙通道电流.脑缺血后CA1神经元L型钙通道的总体平均电流明显增大,这是由于通道的开放概率增加所致.进一步分析单通道动力学显示,脑缺血后通道的开放时间变长,通道的开放频率增大.研究结果提示L型钙通道功能活动增强可能参与了缺血后海马CA1锥体神经元的细胞内钙浓度升高     

大鼠全脑缺血后海马CA1区锥体神经元L型钙通道电流的改变(英)

已有研究表明在脑缺血期间及再灌流后早期,海马CA1锥体神经元细胞内钙浓度明显升高,这一钙超载被认为是缺血性脑损伤的重要机制之一.电压依赖性钙通道是介导正常CA1神经元钙内流的主要途径.实验观察了脑缺血再灌流后早期海马CA1锥体神经元电压依赖性L型钙通道的变化.以改良的四血管闭塞法制作大鼠15 min前脑缺血模型,在急性分离的海马CA1神经元上,采用膜片钳细胞贴附式记录L型电压依赖性钙通道电流.脑缺血后CA1神经元L型钙通道的总体平均电流明显增大,这是由于通道的开放概率增加所致.进一步分析单通道动力学显示,脑缺血后通道的开放时间变长,通道的开放频率增大.研究结果提示L型钙通道功能活动增强可能参与了缺血后海马CA1锥体神经元的细胞内钙浓度升高.     

海马脑片盲法膜片钳全细胞记录技术

本文较为详细地介绍了海马脑片盲法膜片钳全细胞记录技术,对其关键步骤和需要注意的问题进行了重点说明,同时对CA1区锥体神经元突触活动的特点,电压门控性Ca^2 通道以及谷氨酸（glutamate,Glu)γ－氨基丁酸（GABA）受体通道电流性质等进行了观察和分析,实验结果为采用海马脑片盲法膜片钳全细胞记录技术研究海马神经元离子通道动力学性质和中枢神经系统药物对突触活动的影响提供了可靠的依据。     

利用膜片钳技术标记脑片神经元的方法

目的:介绍一种利用膜片钳技术标记脑片神经元形态的方法.方法:利用振动切片机切好实验目标部位的脑片,用含有NeurobiotinTM Tracer的电极内液灌注玻璃微电极,并进行全细胞膜片钳记录;实验结束后将脑片先用4％多聚甲醛固定、漂洗,再用含有Streptavidin-Texas Red和Triton X-100的P...     

A whole-cell patch clamp technique which minimizes cell dialysis

Summary A variant of the whole-cell patch clamp technique is described which allows measurement of whole-cell ionic currents in small cells while minimizing cell dialysis with the pipette solution. The technique involves the application of negative pressure to the inside of small (< 1 µm) tip diameter pipettes placed on the cell surface to achieve high resistance seals and membrane rupture. The technique has been used successfully in a variety of different types of cells to study membrane currents carried by Ca and K, currents generated by exchange carriers as well as electrical coupling between cells. Overall, the technique seems well suited for the study of ionic currents in small cells, and provides an alternative to conventional patch clamping techniques which necessitate intracellular dialysis.     

AmphotericinB在全细胞穿孔膜片钳技术中的应用研究

目的：为研究海德氏突触的电生理特性,建立用amphotericinB穿孔的膜片钳技术。方法：本文应用两性霉素B（amphotericinB）在小鼠脑干的calyx细胞上进行穿孔膜片钳技术的研究。结果：应用amphotericinB进行穿孔后,通道电流衰减现象显著变慢。AmphotericinB的最适浓度为400tc／ml。结论：本研究摸索出了一种稳定的穿孔膜片钳全细胞记录技术,可以更有效,更真实的反应神经元通道电流的电生理特性。为穿孔膜片钳技术在听觉信息传导和调控研究中的应用提供了基础资料。     

Characterization of mechanosensitive channels in Escherichia coli cytoplasmic membrane by whole-cell patch clamp recording

Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were done on giant protoplasts of Escherichia coli. The pressure sensitivity of the protoplasts was studied. Two different unit conductance mechanosensitive channels, 1100 ± 25 pS and 350 ± 14 pS in 400 mm symmetric KCl solution, were observed upon either applying positive pressure to the interior of the cells or down shocking the cells osmotically. The 1100 pS conductance channel discriminated poorly among the monovalent ions tested and it was permeable to Ca²⁺ and glutamate^?. Both of the two channels were sensitive to the osmotic gradient across the membrane; the unit conductances of the channels remained constant while the mean current of the cell was increased by increasing the osmotic gradient. Both of the channels were voltage sensitive. Voltage-ramp results showed that the pressure sensitivity of protoplasts was voltage dependent: there were more channels active upon depolarization than hyperpolarization. The mech anosensitive channels were reversibly blocked by gadolinium ion. Also they could reversibly be inhibited by protons. Mutations in two of the potassium efflux systems, KefB and KefC, did not affect the channel activity, while a null mutation in the gene for KefA changed the channel activity significantly. This indicates a potential modulation of these channels by KefA.     

Voltage-independent barium-permeable channel activated inLymnaea neurons by internal perfusion or patch excision

Summary Isolated nerve cells fromLymnaea stagnalis were studied using the internal-perfusion and patch-clamp techniques. Patch excision frequently activated a voltage-independent Ba²⁺-permeable channel with a slope conductance of 27 pS at negative potentials (50mm Ba²⁺). This channel is not seen in patches on healthy cells and, unlike the voltage-dependent Ca channel, is not labile in isolated patches. The activity of the channel in inside-out patches is unaffected by intracellular ATP, Ca²⁺ below 1mm or the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase but is reversibly blocked by millimolar intracellular Ca²⁺ or Ba²⁺. The channel can be activated in on-cell patches by either internal perfusion with high Ca²⁺ or the long-term internal perfusion of low Ca²⁺ solutions not containing ATP. These channels may carry the inward Ca²⁺ current which causes a regenerative increase in intracellular Ca⁺ when snail neurons are perfused with high Ca²⁺ solutions. High internal Ca²⁺, or long periods of internal perfusion with ATP-free solutions, induces an increase in a resting (–50 mV) whole-cell Ba²⁺ conductance. This conductance can be turned off by returning the intracellular perfusate to a low Ca²⁺ solution containing ATP and Mg²⁺. The activity of this channel appears to have an opposite dependence on intracellular conditions to that of the voltage-dependent Ca channel.     

New fin-line devices for radiofrequency exposure of small biological samples in vitro allowing whole-cell patch clamp recordings

The development and analysis of three waveguides for the exposure of small biological in vitro samples to mobile communication signals at 900 MHz (GSM, Global System for Mobile Communications), 1.8 GHz (GSM), and 2 GHz (UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is presented. The waveguides were based on a fin‐line concept and the chamber containing the samples bathed in extracellular solution was placed onto two fins with a slot in between, where the exposure field concentrates. Measures were taken to allow for patch clamp recordings during radiofrequency (RF) exposure. The necessary power for the achievement of the maximum desired specific absorption rate (SAR) of 20 W/kg (average over the mass of the solution) was approximately P_in = 50 mW, P_in = 19 mW, and P_in = 18 mW for the 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2 GHz devices, respectively. At 20 W/kg, a slight RF‐induced temperature elevation in the solution of no more than 0.3 °C was detected, while no thermal offsets due to the electromagnetic exposure could be detected at the lower SAR settings (2, 0.2, and 0.02 W/kg). A deviation of 10% from the intended solution volume yielded a calculated SAR deviation of 8% from the desired value. A maximum ±10% variation in the local SAR could occur when the position of the patch clamp electrode was altered within the area where the cells to be investigated were located. Bioelectromagnetics 32:102–112, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

甲硫—脑啡肽对大鼠DRG分离神经元ATP—激活内向电流的抑制

本研究探讨了甲硫-脑啡肽(met-Enk)对ATP-激活电流(IATP)的调制作用.实验在大鼠新鲜分离背根神经节(DRG)神经元上进行.应用全细胞膜片钳技术所记录的IATP为内向电流.在被检测的DRG神经元中,90.0%(45/50)的细胞对ATP有反应.在45个对ATP敏感的细胞中对大部分细胞(29/45)施加met-Enk(10-9～10-5mol/L)也引起一内向电流;少部分细胞(9/45)为外向电流;其余的细胞(7/45)未引起可检测的膜反应.预加met-Enk后IATP明显地被抑制,此种抑制作用为剂量依赖性的.在预加10-9、10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5mol/Lmet-Enk后,IATP的抑制分别为13.2±5.4%(n=5)、39.2±8.6%(n=8)、54.1±8.6%(n=8)、43.3±7.9%(n=7);43.1±7.9%(n=7)(mean±SKM).阿片肽拮抗剂纳洛酮能翻转此种抑制效应.IATP的量-效关系表明,预加met-Enk后曲线明显压低,在浓度为10-3mol/L时IATP下降约25%,而Kd值几乎不变.应用二次钳压技术胞内透析H-9(PKA抑制剂)能取消此种抑制作用.上述结果提示met-Enk对IATP的抑制效应为非竞争性抑制作用,可能是由于阿片受体激活后,经相应的胞内信号转导途径使ATP受体磷酸化所致.     

Co-activation of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors by neuronal insults determines cell death in acute brain slice

Overactivation of NMDA receptors is linked to cell death during neuronal insults. However the precise role of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors remains to be further determined. In this study, we used the acute brain slice to examine the contributions of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors to neuronal death. By activation of synaptic NMDA receptors with bath application of 100 μM bicuculline in acute brain slices, we observed a significant up-regulation in activation of neuronal survival-related signaling (p-CREB, p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT), without an obvious increase of LDH release and neuronal death. Interestingly, activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors alone by high dose of glutamate (200 μM) following blockade of synaptic NMDA receptors with co-application of 20 μM MK801 and 100 μM bicuculline, we failed to observe inhibition of neuronal survival signaling and neuronal damage. In contrast, co-activation of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors by applying 200 μM glutamate or oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) to acute brain slices for 30 min, we observed a significant inhibition of CREB, ERK1/2 and AKT activation, an increase of LDH release and neuronal condensation. Together, co-activation of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors by neuronal insults contributes to cell death in acute brain slice.     

Hypoxic Excitability Changes and Sodium Currents in Hippocampus CA1 Neurons

1. The objective of the present study was to distinguish if inhibition of neuronal activity by hypoxia is related to a block of voltage-gated Na+ channels. 2. The effect of chemical hypoxia induced by cyanide (0.5 mM, 10 min perfusion) was studied with patch-clamp technique in visualized intact CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat brain slices. Action potentials were elicited in whole cell current-clamp recordings and the threshold was estimated by current pulses of 50-ms duration and incremental amplitudes (n = 31). The effect of cyanide on the Na+ current and conductance was studied in voltage clamp recordings from cell-attached patches (n = 13). 3. Cyanide perfusion during 10 min increased the threshold for excitation by 73 +/- 79 pA (p = 0.001), which differed from the effect in control cells (11 +/- 41 pA, ns). The change in current threshold was correlated to a change in membrane potential (r = -0.88, p < 0.0001). Cyanide had no significant effect on the peak amplitude, duration, or rate of rise of the action potential. 4. Cyanide perfusion did not change the Na+ current size, but caused a small decrease in ENa (-17 +/- 22 mV, ns) and a slight increase in Na+ conductance (+14 +/- 26%, ns), which differed (p = 0.045) from controls (-19 +/- 23 %, ns). 5. In conclusion, chemical hypoxia does not cause a decrease in Na+ conductance. The decreased excitability during hypoxia can be explained by an increase in the current threshold, which is correlated with the effect on the membrane potential.