微创PCCP与传统动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效比较

目的:比较微创PCCP与传统动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效.方法:回顾性分析我院2010年1-2011年6月收治的老年股骨转子间骨折患者36例,根据治疗方法不同分为微创PCCP和传统动力髋螺钉组,比较两组的治疗效果.结果:两组切口长度(t=12.824,P＜0.05)、出血量(t=9.342,P＜0.05)、手术时间(t=6.209,P＜0.05)和住院时间(t=7.923,P＜0.05)比较,差异有统计学意义.两组髋关节Harris评分(t=1.038,P＞0.05)与并发症发生率(X2=0.929,P＞0.05)比较,差异无统计学意义.两组疗效进行比较,X2=4.213,P＜0.05,两组手术效果差异有统计学意义.结论:微创PCCP较传统动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效更优,适合临床应用.     

Fixion PF和PFN治疗老年骨质疏松股骨转子间骨折的临床效果比较

目的:比较可膨胀髓内钉(Fixion PF)与股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)联合双磷酸盐治疗老年骨质疏松股骨转子周围骨折临床效果及安全性。方法:选择我院收治的47例老年骨质疏松股骨转子间骨折患者并将其随机分为两组:对照组应用PFN治疗,观察组应用Fixion PF治疗,术后两组患者均接受双磷酸盐抗骨质疏松治疗,比较两组的Harris评分、骨折愈合时间、手术时间、术中出血、切口长度、术后严重并发症的发生情况。结果:两组的Harris评分、骨折平均愈合时间以及严重并发症的发生率比较均无统计学差异(P均0.05),但Fixion PF组的手术时间较PFN组显著缩短,术中出血明显减少,切口长度显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Fixion PF联合双磷酸盐抗骨质疏松治疗对老年骨质疏松股骨转子间骨折的临床效果优于PFN联合双磷酸盐抗骨质疏松治疗。     

微创动力髋螺钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的:探讨应用微创动力髋部螺钉(DHS)与常规DHS治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床效果.方法:老年股骨转子间骨折患者74例,其中应用微创DHS 40例(微创DHS组),常规DHS34例(常规DHS组),比较两组手术切口、手术时间、术中失血量、术中输血比例、血红蛋白变化量、住院天数、骨折愈合时间以及髋关节功能优良率.结果:两组病人均获得12～24月的随访,所有骨折均愈合,无不愈合病例及死亡病例.微创DHS组手术切口、手术时间、术中输血比例、血红蛋白变化量和住院天数均低于常规DHS组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).但是两组患者的骨折愈合时间以及髋关节功能优良率均无明显差别(P＞0.05).结论:使用微创DHS和常规DHS治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效相当,但微创DHS治疗有手术切口小、手术时间短、失血量少和住院时间短等优点.     

近端防旋髓内钉与近端锁定钢板治疗老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折的疗效对比分析

目的:分析对比股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)与股骨近端锁定钢板(PFLP)治疗老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院骨外科2009年4月至2013年4月收治的老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折患者90例,根据患者手术方式的不同,将其分为PFNA组及PFLP组,各45例。对比分析两组患者术中出血量、手术持续时间及骨折愈合时间术后髋关节功能及内固定并发症情况。结果:PFNA组髋关节功能Harris评分优良率91.11%明显高于PFLP组的71.11%(P0.05);PFNA组比PFLP组骨折愈合时间短、内固定并发症少,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用PFNA治疗老年股骨转子间不稳定骨折患者具有骨折愈合时间短、髋关节功能恢复好、术后内固定并发症少的特点,治疗效果较PFLP更满意。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉与联合加压交锁髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效比较研究

目的:研究对比股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PENA-Ⅱ)与联合加压交锁髓内钉(Inter Tan)治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法:选择2014年6月至2016年6月我院收治的老年股骨转子间骨折患者92例,按照随机数字表法分为PENA-Ⅱ组与Inter Tan组,每组各46例。两组患者分别接受PENA-Ⅱ治疗和Inter Tan治疗,术后进行为期12个月的随访。比较两组临床疗效、手术相关指标(手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间)、手术前后骨密度水平变化情况以及并发症发生情况。结果:PENA-Ⅱ组优良率为89.13%,略高于Inter Tan组的86.96%,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PENA-Ⅱ组患者手术时间、术中出血量分别为(65.2±15.3)min、(57.2±29.3)m L,明显低于Inter Tan组患者的(84.3±13.8)min、(104.7±36.5)m L(P0.05),两组患者骨折愈合时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术前、术后12周以及术后24周PENA-Ⅱ组患者的腰椎骨密度水平与Inter Tan组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组切口感染、肺部感染、下肢深静脉血拴、近端股骨外侧皮质劈裂以及髋内翻发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PENA-Ⅱ与Inter Tan治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效相当,且两种手术方法对骨密度水平的影响及术后并发症发生率相似。但PENA-Ⅱ治疗具有手术时间短以及术中出血量少等优势,值得临床推广应用。     

髓内固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者关节功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究髓内固定对老年股骨转子间骨折患者关节功能的影响。方法：选取2016年9月~2019年9月我院收治的股骨转子间骨折的老年患者80例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组,每组各40例。对照组患者采用Gamma钉进行治疗,观察组患者采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗。比较两组患者的围术期相关指标、骨折愈合时间、Harris评分、临床治疗效果及并发症的发生情况。结果：观察组患者的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间及骨折愈合时间均显著少于或短于对照组(P＜0.05)。术前,两组患者的Harris评分比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05);术后6个月及术后12个月,两组患者的Harris评分均较术前显著升高,且观察组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。观察组患者的治疗优良率为92.50 %,显著高于对照组(75.00 %,P＜0.05)。两组患者深静脉血栓、感染、褥疮、固定松动、股骨头坏死及严重疼痛的发生率比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论：股骨近端防旋髓内钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折效果明显优于Gamma钉治疗,可有效缩短骨折愈合时间,提高髋关节功能。     

PFNA内固定在老年人股骨转子间骨折的手术效果及对髋关节功能改善效果

目的:研究股骨近端螺旋刀片抗旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果及对髋关节功能影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2012年8月到2015年5月间收治的老年股骨转子间骨折患者86例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组(43例)和观察组(43例)。对照组患者接受动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗,观察组患者接受PFNA内固定治疗。比较两组患者的手术效果和并发症发生率,同时术后随访,比较两组患者的髋关节功能评分和炎症因子表达水平。结果:在手术时间、术中出血量、卧床时间及骨折愈合时间方面,观察组均明显低于对照组(P0.01);观察组的总并发症发生率(4.66%)明显低于对照组(20.94%)(x~2=5.11,P=0.02);术后随访6个月,两组的Harris髋关节功能评分优良率比较无明显差异(P0.05);手术后,血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α表达水平,观察组均明显低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:PFNA治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果显著,手术创伤较小,术中出血量低,且并发症较低,且术后髋关节功能恢复效果较好,值得在临床推广。     

近端膨胀髓内钉与抗旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效分析

目的:探究近端膨胀髓内钉与近端螺旋刀片抗旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效及躁动发生率比较。方法:病例来源为2012年5月至2013年10月收入我院的老年股骨转子间骨折患者60例,采用随机数字表随机分为两组,膨胀钉组30例,采用近端膨胀髓内钉的手术方法,PFNA组30例,采用近端螺旋刀片抗旋髓内钉的手术方法。手术结束后,对两组患者进行X射线片、手术时间及出血量、髋关节功能的比较,同时对比躁动发生率。结果:X线检查结果显示两组患者经手术后骨折处均复位良好,无并发症及内固定物的脱落及松动,两组比较无显著差异(P0.05);与PFNA组相比,膨胀组患者的手术时间及出血量明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后3个月、6个月的Harris评分显示,与PFNA组相比,膨胀钉组的优良率明显升高,髋关节优于PFNA组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);膨胀钉组患者躁动率为10.00%低于PFNA组患者躁动率为33.33%,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:可膨胀髓内钉具有手术时间较短、出血量少,更利于骨折的愈合,且躁动发生率较低,对股骨转子间骨折的疗效优于较近端螺旋刀片抗旋髓内钉,对临床有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

股骨近端解剖锁定钢板与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的比较研究

目的:探讨股骨近端解剖锁定钢板(PFLP)与股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法:选取我院2013年6月至2016年3月期间收治的160例不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者为研究对象,采用乱数表法分为观察组、对照组,各80例。对照组采用PFLP治疗,观察组患者采用PFNA治疗。统计分析两组的手术及术后相关指标以及术后3个月、6个月、12个月的髋关节功能Harris评分,比较两组的术后并发症。结果:观察组患者的手术时间、切口长度短于对照组,术中出血量、术中输血量、术后引流量均少于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者术后患侧负重时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者骨折愈合时间短于对照组,但无统计学差异(P0.05);术后3个月、6个月,观察组患者髋关节功能Harris评分均高于对照组(P0.05);术后12个月,观察组患者髋关节功能Harris评分高于对照组,但无统计学差异(P0.05);两组患者并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:PFNA与PFLP均能够有效治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,但PFNA治疗方式在近期疗效中的作用优于PFLP,且患者髋关节功能恢复更快。     

加味八珍汤联合PFNA术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折患者的临床效果及对血液流变学指标的影响

目的:研究加味八珍汤联合股骨近端防旋髓内钉(Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation,PFNA)对老年股骨转子间骨折患者的临床效果及对术后隐性失血和血液流变学的影响。方法:选择2014年3月至2017年3月我院收治的68例接受PFNA治疗的转子间骨折者,将其随机平均分为观察组(34例,术后口服加味八珍汤颗粒7天)、对照组(34例)。对比两组总失血量、隐性失血量、隐性失血比例、血液流变学指标(血浆粘度及全血黏度低、中、高切)、不良反应等。结果:⑴两组各剔除2例,94.12%(64/68)的受试者完成研究。⑵两组总失血量相当,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,观察组隐性失血量及隐性失血发生率均显著降低(P0.05)。⑶治疗前,两组血浆粘度及低、中、高切全血黏度比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组血浆粘度及低、中、高切全血黏度均显著低于本组治疗前(P0.05),且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。⑷观察组发生肌间静脉血栓1例,无药物过敏及毒副反应;对照组发生1例深静脉血栓、4例肌间静脉血栓。观察组不良反应率为3.125%,显著低于对照组(15.625%,P0.05)。结论:加味八珍汤既可显著减少老年股骨转子间骨折患者PFNA术后隐性失血,又能改善血流动力学、减少并发症。     

Ectogenesis and the case against the right to the death of the foetus

Ectogenesis, or the use of an artificial womb to allow a foetus to develop, will likely become a reality within a few decades, and could significantly affect the abortion debate. We first examine the implications for Judith Jarvis Thomson’s violinist analogy, which argues for a woman’s right to withdraw life support from the foetus and so terminate her pregnancy, even if the foetus is granted full moral status. We show that on Thomson’s reasoning, there is no right to the death of the foetus, and abortion is not permissible if ectogenesis is available, provided it is safe and inexpensive. This raises the question of whether there are persuasive reasons for the right to the death of the foetus that could be exercised in the context of ectogenesis. Eric Mathison and Jeremy Davis have examined several arguments for this right, doubting that it exists, while Joona Räsänen has recently criticized their reasoning. We respond to Räsänen’s analysis, concluding that his arguments are unsuccessful, and that there is no right to the death of the foetus in these circumstances.     

On the diversity of the Cladocera in the tropics

The mythical concept of an impoverished tropical cladoceran fauna is refuted. On a planetary scale, around half of the cladoceran species presently known occur exclusively in the tropics-subtropics, often with considerable restriction to particular geographical subzones. On a regional (political) scale, the situation is often unclear because of the continued fragmentary nature of studies, and because political units are not a good basis for biogeographical comparisons. At the finest level of resolution (lake-perlake comparisons), there appears to be an upper limit of c. 50 cladoceran species per individual lake. No significant difference between lakes in the temperate zone and in the tropics could be established here. Daphnia is largely absent from the tropics, but is replaced by more Sidids, Moinids, and Bosminids, such that the average cladoceran community in the limnetic zone of a tropical lake is not characterized by less species but rather by lower population densities. This, in turn, is considered a consequence of higher prevalent predation levels in the tropics.     

Tubular networks in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human,the monkey,the cat and the dog

Summary A tubular network was found in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human, the monkey (Macaca mulatta), the cat and the dog. These tubules are arranged in close groups in the vicinity of the synaptic lamellae and the invaginated dendrites. According to the form, diameter, density of the tubules and to the consistence of the network formed by them one can distinguish at these places an initial type (type I), a transitory (type II) and a vesicular one (type III). In the the type III branching, bizarre forms are frequent. The diameter of all the tubules reaches 500–600 Å, their density and walls being the same as in the synaptic vesicles.Similar networks also occur in the axons of the visual receptor cells of the monkey.

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Zusammenfassung In den Endigungen der Photorezeptorzellen von Mensch, Affe (Macaca mulatta), Katze und Hund kommen aus Tubuli bestehende Komplexe vor. Organellenartig in geschlossenen Gruppen angeordnet, liegen sie in Nähe der synaptischen Lamellen und der invaginierten Dendriten. An diesen Stellen kann man nach Form, Durchmesser, Dichte und Konsistenz der von den Tubuli gebildeten Komplexe drei Typen unterscheiden: 1. einen initialen (Typus I), 2. einen Übergangstypus (Typus II) und 3. einen vesiculären Typus (Typus III). In letzterem kommen häufig verzweigte, bizarre Formen vor. Der Durchmesser sämtlicher Tubuli erreicht 500–600 Å. Ihre Dichte und ihre Wand gleicht denen der synaptischen Vesikel.Ähnliche Komplexe fanden wir auch in den Axonen der Photorezeptorzellen vom Affen.

     

Assessing the Physiological State of the Fucoids from the Barents Sea Littoral by the End of the Polar Night

Methods of amperometry and potentiometric titration were used to follow dark respiration (DR) and apparent photosynthesis (AP) in the fucoids Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol, Fucus vesiculosus L., and F. serratus L. from the Barents Sea littoral by the end of the 40-day-long polar night. The macroalgae were shown to manifest species-specific low rates of photosynthesis and respiration. However, in spite of their low photosynthetic status due to the effects of subzero temperature and prolonged low or zero illumination, the macroalgae have been able to restore DR and AP to the initial level already by the day 9; the ability to restore AP depended on the level of illumination. The study of the changes in the carbonate–bicarbonate system in the light and darkness demonstrated that the macroalgae grown in darkness, in contrast to those grown in twilight, could absorb bicarbonate in darkness; however, they lost this capacity after two-day-long illumination at an irradiance of 7 mol/(m² s). Bicarbonate uptake in darkness and the capacity to restore the systems of photosynthesis and respiration in fucoid cells are discussed in the context of algal energy metabolism under the polar night conditions.     

Arranging the elements of the potassium channel: the T1 domain occludes the cytoplasmic face of the channel

The voltage-gated potassium channel is currently one of the few membrane proteins where functional roles have been mapped onto specific segments of sequence. Although high-resolution structures of the transmembrane portions of three bacterial potassium channels, the tetramerization domain and the cytoplasmic ball are available, their relative spatial arrangement in mammalian channels remains a matter of ongoing debate. Cryo-electron microscopic images of the six transmembrane voltage-gated Kv channel have been reconstructed at up to 18 Å resolution, revealing that the T1 domain tetramerizes and is suspended below the transmembrane segments. However, the resolution of these images is insufficient to reveal the location of the third piece of the puzzle, the inactivating ball domain. We have used the aberrant interactions observed in a series of chimæric channels to establish that an assembled T1 domain restricts access to the cytoplasmic face of the channel, suggesting that the N-terminal ball and chain may be confined in the space between the T1 domain and the transmembrane portion of the channel.     

Feeding the vertebrate retina from the Cambrian to the Tertiary

The retina of the vertebrate eye is metabolically active and requires nutritive support. During the last 540 million years it has evolved into forms as complicated and nutritionally demanding as those found in avian or primate eyes. Diffusion from the choroid is generally able to supply the metabolic needs of thin retinae. However, when the thickness exceeds the limits of diffusion, structures are needed to supplement the vascular supply from the choroid. These supplemental nutritive devices include the choroidal gland, the falciform process and preretinal vascular plexus of fish, the conus papillaris of lizards, the pecten oculi of birds, the intraretinal vessels of mammals and a few novel systems that remain difficult to classify. These vascular systems are among the most variable features of the vertebrate eye. Here, we review classical and recent findings regarding such retinal nutrition systems, propose a three category classification for them based on histologic origins and speculate on the evolutionary forces which drove their development.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418