LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮浓度

目的:建立快速、灵敏测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮(DPHA)的LCMS/MS方法。方法:血浆样品经正己烷萃取后进行分析,采用Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(2.10 mm×50 mm,2.6μm),柱温40℃,以水(含0.01%甲酸)-甲醇(含0.01%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.30 m L/min,ESI离子源,多反应离子监测(MRM),用于定量分析的离子对为m/z 329.2→163.0,内标化合物益智酮甲为313.1→137.0。结果:DPHA的线性范围为1.0～2000.0 ng/mL(r=0.9996),最低定量限为1.0 ng/m L;提取回收率为73.53%～85.77%,基质效应为99.63%～110.50%;日内和日间精密度RSD均低于15%,重复性好。用该法测定静脉注射给药DPHA(1.0 mg/kg)后0.5 h大鼠血药浓度为36.2±5.1 ng/m L(n=4,RSD=14.0%)。结论:本法经方法学验证,适用于大鼠血浆中DPHA浓度的测定,适合药代动力学研究。     

LC-MS/MS测定荷瘤裸鼠血浆中和厚朴酚脂质体浓度及其药代动力学研究

目的:建立测定荷瘤裸鼠血浆中和厚朴酚脂质体的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法,并进行荷瘤裸鼠体内药代动力学研究。方法:采用YMC C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,流动相B为0.025%氨水乙腈,A为0.025%氨水,在线脱气,流速0.8 m L/min。梯度洗脱:0~2 min,B相85%~85%;2~4 min,B相85%~10%;4~6 min,B相10%~85%;6~8 min,B相85%~85%,柱温40℃。进样量10μL。质谱条件:离子源电喷雾电离源(ESI),负离子电离模式,扫描方式多级反应监测(MRM),监测离子对m/z和厚朴酚(265.0→223.0)和内标(253.0→225.0)。结果:血浆中无干扰测定的内源性物质,每个样品的分析时间为8 min;和厚朴酚在0.500~1000 ng/m L呈良好的线性关系,定量下限为0.500 ng/m L,日内、日间精密度RSD均小于15%,低、中、高3种浓度的提取回收率64.71%。稳定性实验中,在各种贮存条件下血浆中和厚朴酚均较稳定。结论:本方法操作简便,特异性强,灵敏度高,可用于和厚朴酚脂质体的药代动力学研究,以期为临床应用提供参考。     

LC-MS/MS定量测定人体血浆中氨氯地平浓度

目的:建立定量测定人体血浆中氨氯地平浓度的HPLC-MS/MS的方法.方法:以克林霉素为内标,采用Shim-pack VP-ODS柱(150× 2.0 mm I.D.,5μm,日本Shimadzu Technologies Inc.公司)为固定相;乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(90∶10,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.4 mL/min;通过电喷雾离子源(ESI),以正离子多反应监测模式进行检测.氨氯地平与内标用于检测的离子对分别为m/z409.3 m/z 238.2和rn/z 425.2 m/z 126.3.结果:氨氯地平在0.10～20.00 ng/mL范围内与峰面积比值线性范围良好(r=0.9968),定量下限为0.10 ng/mL,日内日间精密度的RSD均小于7％,平均回收率大于86％.结论:所建方法准确度较高,灵敏度好,专属性强且操作简便,可适用于氨氯地平的血药浓度测定和临床药代动力学研究.     

LC-MS/MS定量测定人体血浆中阿托伐他汀浓度

目的:建立定量测定人体血浆中阿托伐他汀浓度的HPLC-MS/MS的方法.方法:以吲哚美辛为内标,采用Shim-packVP-ODS柱(150× 2.0 mm I.D.,5μm,日本Shimadzu Technologies Inc.公司)为固定相;乙腈-0.5％甲酸溶液(90:10,v/v)为流动相,流速为0.3 ml/min;通过电喷雾离子源(ESI),以正离子多反应监测模式进行检测.阿托伐他汀与内标用于检测的离子对分别为m/z 559.4 m/z 250.3和m/z 358.3 rn/z 139.2.结果:阿托伐他汀在0.10～20.00 ng/ml范围内与峰面积比值线性范围良好(r=0.9962),定量下限为0.10 ng/ml,日内日间精密度的RSD均小于12％,平均回收率大于71％.结论:所建方法准确度高,方法灵敏,专属性强且操作简便,可适用于阿托伐他汀的血药浓度测定和临床药代动力学研究.     

小鼠血浆中黄卡瓦胡椒素B的HPLC-MS/MS定量分析方法建立与药代动力学特征研究

目的 建立小鼠血浆中黄卡瓦胡椒素B的高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC/MS-MS)定量分析方法,并研究其在小鼠体内的药代动力学特征。方法 KM小鼠采用尾静脉注射(20 mg/kg)、腹腔注射(20、40和60 mg/kg)和灌胃(200、400和600 mg/kg)给药后,在0、5、30 min及1、2、4、6、8、12、16和24 h眼底静脉丛取血,分离血浆样品,HPLC-MS/MS分析样品中黄卡瓦胡椒素B的浓度,计算药代动力学参数,并评价不同途径给药下黄卡瓦胡椒素B的生物利用度。结果 在0.2～800.0 ng/mL浓度范围内,黄卡瓦胡椒素B线性关系良好(r=0.9995),定量下限为0.2 ng/mL,准确度在-8.50%～12.50%,精密度在1.73%～12.03%,且无明显基质效应(88.68%～102.04%),确证该方法适用于小鼠血浆中黄卡瓦胡椒素B的定量分析。药代动力学结果显示,黄卡瓦胡椒素B腹腔注射和灌胃给药后在体内吸收迅速,血药浓度在给药0.083 h即为峰值,在腹腔注射20～60 mg/kg和灌胃200～600 mg/kg给药范围内呈现良好的线性药代动力学过程。...     

LC-MS/MS法检测人头发中利培酮及其代谢物9-羟利培酮含量的实验研究

目的:建立高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法检测人头发中利培酮(RIP)及其代谢物9-羟利培酮(9-OH-RIP)含量的方法。方法:采用同位素内标氘4-利培酮(RIP-d4)及氘4-9-羟利培酮(9-OH-RIP-d4),流动相A为10 mmol/L醋酸胺溶液(甲酸调p H值为4.0),流动相B为乙腈,A/B=70/30,流速为0.3 m L/min,等度洗脱4.00 min。色谱柱为安捷伦Zorbax SB C18(2.1×50 mm,1.8μm),柱温30℃。准确称取20 mg丙酮清洗过晾干剪碎成粉末的头发样本,加1N氢氧化钠(Na OH)超声2 h,等量酸中和后,加200μL1N氢氧化钠溶液及5.0 m L的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)提取涡旋1分钟,3000×g离心5 min后取上清液在40度水浴下氮气吹干后用100μL流动相复溶,进样2μL经LC-MS/MS检测。MRM监测离子对:RIP:m/z 411.2→191.0,9-OH-RIP:m/z 427.2→207.1,RIP-d4:m/z 415.2→195.2,9-OH-RIP-d4:m/z 431.2→211.1。结果:利培酮及9-羟利培酮线性范围分别为0.5-25 ng/mg,0.0025-0.15 ng/mg,提取回收率均70.0%,方法回收率均在85.0%-115.0%之间,线性r均0.999,精密度和重现性RSD均15%。结论:本研究建立了采用LC-MS/MS法检测人头发中利培酮及9-羟利培酮含量的方法,该法快速、简单、准确、重现性好。     

小型猪血浆中二丙酸倍他米松及其代谢物倍他米松的LC-MS/MS 同时测定方法的建立及在药动学研究中的应用

目的：建立同时测定小型猪血浆中二丙酸倍他米松及其代谢物倍他米松的LC-MS/MS 法,并研究小型猪皮肤外用二丙酸倍他米松乳膏后,二丙酸倍他米松及倍他米松的药动学特征。方法：血浆样品经酸化后以乙醚- 环己烷（4 ∶ 1）提取,LC-MS/MS 分析,以Hedera ODS-2（150 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm）为分析柱,流动相为5 mmol?L-1 醋酸铵水溶液（含0.1% 乙酸）– 甲醇,梯度洗脱。二丙酸倍他米松、倍他米松及内标布地奈德的监测离子对分别为m /z 563.2（[M+CH3COO]-）→ 483.1、m /z 451.2（[M+CH3COO]-）→ 361.0 和m /z 489.3（[M+CH3COO]-）→ 357.1。对小型猪外用二丙酸倍他米松乳膏后其血浆中二丙酸倍他米松及代谢物倍他米松的浓度进行测定,并计算主要药动学参数。结果：二丙酸倍他米松血药浓度在26.85~644.4 ng?L-1 范围内线性关系良好,倍他米松血药浓度在10.62~637.2 ng?L-1 范围内线性关系良好。结论：本方法专属性强、简便、灵敏,可用于血浆样本中二丙酸倍他米松及其代谢物倍他米松的测定及药动学研究。     

当归中藁本内酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC-PDA)法测定大鼠灌胃当归石油醚萃取物后藁本内酯的血药浓度。色谱条件:色谱柱BEH C18(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7μm);流动相:乙腈-水(0.03%三氟乙酸)(45∶55,v/v);流速:0.5mL/min;检测波长:320 nm。并运用DAS 3.0药动学软件计算药动学参数,研究当归石油醚萃取物中藁本内酯在大鼠体内的药代动力学。结果显示藁本内酯在大鼠体内较符合二室模型,主要的药动参数:高、中剂量组的Cmax分别为0.38±0.04、0.33±0.02(μg/mL);t1/2β分别为4.08±0.25、3.06±0.82(h),低剂量组含量过低,无法进行定量。实验结果表明UPLC-PDA法能够较准确、灵敏的测定藁本内酯在大鼠体内的血药浓度,经比较高、中剂量组的药动参数得知,该物质呈非剂量依赖型。     

LC-MS/MS 法测定人血浆中伊伐布雷定浓度及药动学

目的:建立人血浆中伊伐布雷定的液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用测定方法,研究健康人体药代动力学.方法:以地西泮为内标物,采用液相色谱-质谱-质谱联用法,电喷雾电离源选择性正离子峰检测.测30名健康志愿者单剂量口服盐酸伊伐布雷定片的体内血药浓度,获得药动学参数.结果:伊伐布雷定在0.101-101 ng·mL-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.998),最低检测浓度为0.101 ng·mL-1.高、中、低浓度的方法提取回收率分别为93.2%、86.6%、87.5%,日内、日间精密度RSD均小于15%.结论:LC-MS/MS方法灵敏度高,专属性强,准确,简便,适用于盐酸伊伐布雷定片的人体药代动力学研究.     

反相高效液相色谱法对大鼠体内菲达司他的药代分析

建立反相高效液相色谱（RP—HPLC）测定大鼠血浆中菲达司他浓度的方法,在此基础上对菲达司他在大鼠体内的药代动力学进行初步研究。菲达司他的血浆样品利用乙酸乙酯提取法进行处理,色谱检测条件为用安捷伦Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18色谱柱,紫外检测波长200nm,流动相中v（水）：v（甲醇）为72．28,流速1mL／min,柱温30℃。建立的RP—HPLC法线性范围为0．8～400ug／mL（R=0．9997）。提取回收率大于95％,日内、日间精密度相对标准差（RSD）小于2％。本法简便、准确,适用于菲达司他药代动力学的研究;菲达司他在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程二室模型．     

Determination of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines in urine of smokers and non-smokers

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) include 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) and are found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. TSNA are of interest for biomonitoring of tobacco-smoke exposure as they are associated with carcinogenesis. Both NNK and NNN are classified by IARC as Group 1 carcinogens. Samples of 24?h urine collections (n?=?108) were analysed from smokers and non-smokers, using a newly developed and validated LC-MS/MS method for determining total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, the major metabolite of NNK), and total NNN, NAB and NAT. TSNA levels in smokers’ urine were significantly higher than in non-smokers. In smokers, urinary excretion of total TSNA correlated significantly (r?>?0.5) with markers of smoking dose, such as daily cigarette consumption, salivary cotinine and urinary nicotine equivalents and increased with the ISO tar yield of cigarettes smoked. The correlation between urinary total NNN and the smoking dose was weaker (r?=?0.4–0.5). In conclusion, this new method is suitable for assessing tobacco use-related exposure to NNK, NNN, NAB and NAT.     

Hydroxylated jasmonic acid and related compounds from Botryodiplodia theobromae

From the culture filtrate of the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae five hydroxylated cyclopentane fatty acids of the jasmonic acid type were isolated and identified as (11 S -(-)-hydroxyjasmonic acid; (11R)-(-)-hydroxyjasmonic acid; (-)-12-hydroxyjasmonic acid; (-)-8ξ-hydroxyjasmonic acid; (-)-3-oxo-2-(1ξ-hydroxy-2Z-pentenyl)cyclopent-1-yl-butyric acid; (-)-3-oxo-2(4ξ-hydroxy-2Z-pentenyl)cyclopent-1-yl-butyric acid. In addition, the corresponding hydroxylated iso-jasmonic acid analogues were found as minor constituents. During silica gel chromatography 11,12-didehydrojasmonic acid, 11ξ-acetoxyjasmonic acid, 3-oxo-2-(4ξ-acetoxy-2Z-pentenyl)cyclopent-1-yl-butyric acid 3-oxo-2-(2Z,4-pentadienyl)cyclopent-1-yl-butyric acid were formed as artefacts.     

Synthesis of [2S-2-H]- and [2R-2-H]hexadecanoic acids

[2S-2-²H]- and [2R-2-²H]hexadecanoic acids were synthesized in overall yields of 59–67%. Methyl(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoate, from the acid produced by Hansenula sydowiorum, was converted to the p-toluenesulphonate, reduced to trideutero alcohol with lithium aluminium deuteride and oxidized to [2S-2-²H]hexadecanoic acid. Methyl (2S)-2-chlorohexadecanoate, which was a by-product of tosylation and was also prepared by chlorinatioon of the hydroxy ester with thionyl chloride, on reduction and oxidation as before gave [2R-2-²H]-hexadecanoic acid. Intermediates were fully characterized, isotopic purity was 97% and optical purity was maintained throughout the syntheses. Attempts to reduce the tosyl or chloro groups, only, with sodium borodeuteride gave low yields probably due to preferential reduction of the ester group; 1,2-epoxyhexadecane was obtained from the tosylate and 2-chlorohexadecan-1-ol from the chloro ester.     

Bioreduction of 2-azido-1-arylethanones mediated by Geotrichum candidum and Rhodotorula glutinis

Enantioselective reductions of p-X-C₆H₄C(O)CH₂N₃ (X = H, Cl, Br, CH₃, OCH₃) mediated by Rhodotorula glutinis and Geotrichum candidum afforded the corresponding alcohols with complementary R and S configurations, respectively, in excellent yield and enantiomeric excesses. The obtained (R)-azidoalcohols are important starting materials for preparation of natural products and valuable pharmaceutical compounds such as (R)-Tembamide and (R)-Aegeline.     

Regiospecific hydroxylation of 3-(methylaminomethyl) pyridine to 5-(methylaminomethyl) -2 (1H) -pyridinone byArthrobacter ureafaciens

Microbial production of a 6-hydroxy-3-pyridylmethyl compound from 3-pyridylmethyl compound was investigated. The hydroxylation of 3-(methylaminomethyl)pyridine to 5-(methylaminomethyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone, tautomer of 2-hydroxy-5(methylaminomethyl)pyridine, by resting cells ofArthrobacter ureafaciens JCM3873 was found to proceed regio- and chemo-selectively with an almost quantitative yield. The addition of molybdate ion and nicotine as an inducer to the culture medium was required for the preparation of cells containing high hydroxylation activity. The optimal temperature and pH for the hydroxylation by using resting cells were 35°C and around 7, respectively. This hydroxylation enzyme does undergo inhibition by the substrate. The inhibitory effect could be eliminated by stepwise feeding of the substrate. Under adequate conditions, 23 mg/ml of 5-(methylaminomethyl)-2(1H)-pyridinone was produced with a molar yield of nearly 100% from 3-(methylaminomethyl)pyridine.     

A New Synthesis Of Coenzymically Active Water-Soluble Macromolecular Nad And Nadp Derivatives

Based on an unexpected transformation of N (1)-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD(P) to N⁶-(2-aminoethy1)-NAD(P) under mild aqueous conditions (pH 6.0-6.5, 50°C) synthesis of uniform macromolecular derivatives of N⁶-alkylated NAD and N⁶-alkylated NADP was possible, with, in most cases, acceptable overall yields (6-37%). The usual steps of (a) the chemical reduction with Na₂S₂O₄,(b) the Dimroth rearrangement under harsh alkaline conditions and (c) the enzymatic or chemical oxidation were omitted. This represents a significant simplification of the procedure. A common procedure for the synthesis of macromolecular N⁶-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD(P) derivatives was pursued, coupling N⁶-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD(P) to several water-soluble copolymers containing maleic acid anhydride. PEG (M_r = 20000)-N⁶-(2-aminoethl)-NAD, polyvinylpyrrolidone (M_r,= 160000)-N⁶-(2-aminoethylNAD and dextran (M_r= 70000)-N⁶-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD were synthesized by covalently binding N⁶-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD to the corresponding carboxylated polymers by the carbodiimide method. PEG (M_r= 4000 and 20000-N⁶-(2-aminoethyl)-NADP was efficiently synthesized by covalent attachment of N⁶-(2-aminoethyl)-NADP to N-hydroxy-succinimide activated carboxylate PEG (M_r= 4000 and 20000), avoiding the carbodiimide method, which would lead simultaneously to 2'3'-cyclic NADP derivatives. Except for the macromolecular cofactor derivatives based on copolymers containing maleic acid anhydride, the total enzymatic reducibility of the macromolecular N-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD(P) derivatives was satisfactory (90-95%).     

新型乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂Bis(9)-(-)-Meptazinol的小鼠 和大鼠药代动力学研究

目的:研究新型乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE)抑制剂Bis(9)-(-)-Meptazinol(B9M)在小鼠和大鼠体内的药代动力学、组织分布和排泄过程。方法:应用本课题组前期报道的大鼠血浆中B9M的LC-MS/MS定量方法:检测B9M皮下和静脉给药后小鼠血浆和脑组织中的含量,计算相应的药代动力学参数,测定B9M小鼠(1.5 mg/kg)和大鼠(1.0 mg/kg)皮下给药后不同时间点的组织分布和粪便、尿液中排泄量。结果:小鼠经皮下注射后,B9M可迅速进入血液(Tmax=0.25 h)血液中消除速度较慢(T_(1/2)=18.09h)绝对生物利用度为115.95%。皮下注射后,B9M在脑内的达峰时间和半衰期分别是8h和18.75h,生物利用度为44.67%。小鼠和大鼠皮下给药后广泛分布于各组织,以脾、肺、肾等血流量大的组织中分布最多。B9M从体内排泄迅速原型药物在小鼠和大鼠尿液和粪便中的排泄量低于3%。结论:皮下给药B9M在小鼠和大鼠体内具有易吸收、分布广泛、易排泄的特点药代动力学特征优良,是极具研发潜力的抗阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)新药。     

Novel cobalt(II) complexes with pyridyl/ether or pyridyl/thioether ligands. The conversion of pyridyl/thioether cobalt(II) complex to pyridyl/sulfinato cobalt(III) compound

Two new cobalt(II) complexes of symmetric hexadentate mixed-ligand N,O [1,12-bis(2-pyridyl)-5,8-dioxa-2,11-diazadodecane (pydado)] and N,S [1,12-bis(2-pyridyl)-5,8-dithia-2,11-diazadodecane (pydadt)] donor atoms have been synthesized as perchlorate salts. The crystal structures show that [Co(pydado)](ClO₄)₂ · H₂O (1) crystallizes in the triclinic space group and [Co(pydadt)](ClO₄)₂ (2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2_1/c. The cation [Co(pydado)]²⁺ is pseudo-octahedral with the two pyridyl groups in trans position. However, in [Co(pydadt)]²⁺ complex, the size of thioether sulfur atoms imposes a distorted octahedral geometry; the pyridyl groups and the sulfur atoms are in trans position. The reaction of the complex 2 and hydrogen peroxide resulted to the oxidation of Co^II into Co^III and the thioether groups of the ligand to sulfinate groups with elimination of the central ethylenic group of pydadt. Thus, complex 2 was converted to bis[3-(2-pyridylmethylamino)ethanesulfinate] cobalt(III) complex (3) {[Co(pynso)₂](ClO₄) · 0.5H₂O}. The X-ray crystal structure reveals that the compound 3 crystallizes in the triclinic space group with the same donor atoms (N_pyridyl, N_amine and S) belonging to the two ligands in cis-position. In aqueous solution, the stability constants of the Co(II) chelates with these two ligands, determined by potentiometry, show the formation of [Co(LH)]³⁺ and [CoL]²⁺ species in all cases. The chelating power of pydadt ligand is slightly greater than that of pydado.     

Kinetics of luminescence in the 10−6–10−4-s range in Chlorella

The decay of luminescence in the 6–600-μs range following a microsecond flash has been studied in Chlorella. The decay is highly polyphasic; three kinetic components are outlined, in confirmation of the results of K. L. Zankel (1971, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 245, 373–385).Extrapolation of the decay to zero dark time suggests that a unique metastable species C^?₊, resulting from photochemical charge separation in the System II reaction center, is the substrate of the recombination reaction which gives rise to luminescence.The fast (5–10 μs) and medium (50–70 μs) phases of the decay denote different stabilization steps, preceding relaxation of the centers by electron and proton transduction to the photosynthetic chain.NH₂OH specifically inhibits the fast phase and enhances the medium phase. This effect is explained by assuming that the fast phase results from electron transfer from the water splitting system Z to the oxidized primary donor Y.3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), in the presence of NH₂OH elicits another fast phase. It is believed that DCMU affords a parasitic stabilization of C^?₊ by forming a complex with Q^?.