人类胚胎三叉神经运动核的定位研究

目的:探讨人类胚胎三叉神经运动核的位置及细胞分布特征。方法:选用非疾病死亡的引产胚胎标本4例,胎龄20-26周(根据胎儿B超检测和孕妇末次月经日期来计算并获得胎龄),在获取标本1-4小时内,对标本进行灌流固定。其中,2例标本在手术显微镜下开颅取出脑干,石蜡包埋、冰冻切片、HE染色、光学显微镜下观察、照相,其余2例标本在手术显微镜下开颅、分离三叉神经根,注入DiI结晶体、在37℃恒温箱内保存3个月,取出脑干、明胶包埋、冰冻切片,在荧光显微镜下观察、照相。结果:(1)胚胎三叉神经运动核位于脑桥三叉神经根连脑水平;(2)三叉神经运动核为多级细胞、胞体较大、位于三叉神经根入脑桥的一束纤维的腹内侧;(3)三叉神经运动核呈椭圆形,神经核细胞呈大小不等,体积较大,胞体呈多角形。结论:人类胚胎三叉神经运动核为大型的多级细胞成群所形成的核团,位于脑桥三叉神经根连脑水平。     

逆行追踪法对鱼类三叉神经节细胞的定位研究

目的:应用逆行追踪法研究罗非鱼三叉神经节细胞体在神经节内的分布特征.方法:罗非鱼浸入140mg/L三卡因间氨苯酸乙脂甲磺酸盐{tricaine methanesulfonate(MS222)}溶液中麻醉,在手术显微镜下暴露神经,通过生物胞素(Biocytin)结晶逆行追踪技术研究定位硬骨鱼类三叉神经节内细胞体的位置.结果:①眼神经、上颌神经、下颌神经的神经节细胞胞体分别位于同侧三又神经节的背侧部、中间部和腹侧部.②上颌神经和下颌神经的细胞在神经节内存在着重叠.结论:罗非鱼三叉神经节细胞在神经节内具有局在性分布.     

小鼠眼神经注入Dil后三叉神经节的形态学研究

目的：经眼神经注入DiI研究小鼠三叉神经节的形态学结构。方法：小鼠10只,体重25—30克,雌雄不拘,进行灌注固定后,在外科显微镜下开颅并确认三叉神经节和眼神经,分别于双侧眼神经植入DiI染色晶体。37℃恒温箱放置3个月,待DiI染色晶体扩散后,取出植入DiI染色晶体的眼神经和三叉神经节,再根据神经走向切片,通过荧光显微镜观察DiI染色晶体在三又神经节内的分布。结果：眼神经离三叉神经节约1cm处植入DiI染色晶体后,应用荧光显微镜明视野观察,均可见到高密度标记的眼神经纤维,行向后内,穿经眶上裂入颅。逐步靠近三叉神经节外上方,并进入三叉神经节内,眼神经标记的神经元位于三叉神经节的前内侧。在三叉神经节内可见到DiI标记的神经节细胞及神经纤维。神经纤维平行致密排列,并被神经节细胞神经纤维分隔成群或簇。神经节细胞呈圆形和卵圆形,大小不一,部分节细胞呈蜂窝状排列。亦可见神经元的突起,有的呈螺旋状连于胞体,有的呈线状连于胞体,并可见到双极神经元。结论：小鼠经眼神经注入DiI后,三叉神经节细胞和神经纤维的排列循序跟其他动物基本一致。     

鱼类三叉神经节的形态及神经节细胞的分布

目的:观察三叉神经节的形态结构及神经节细胞的分布。方法:用罗非鱼,进行40g/L甲醛灌注固定,观察三叉神经节的位置及分支分布,取三叉神经节,根及分支进行连续切片制作三维立体图像,观察神经节细胞的分布。结果:①三叉神经根在菱脑高度进出脑。②三叉神经节位于眼眶与颅腔之间的骨组织中。③从神经节发出的第一支(眼神经)通过眼眶的背侧分布于吻侧部,第二支(上颌神经)通过眼眶的腹侧分布于上颌部,第三支(下颌神经)通过眼眶的最腹侧分布于下颌部。④神经节细胞在神经节内背腹方向排列的一群细胞团。结论:罗非鱼三叉神经节是独立存在的,与其它鱼类的神经节有明显差异。     

鱼类面神经节的形态,神经节细胞的分布及三叉神经节的关系

目的:观察面神经节的形态结构,神经节细胞的分布以及三叉神经节之间的关系.方法:用罗非鱼,进行10%福尔马林灌注固定,观察面神经节的形态,位置及与三叉神经节之间的位置关系,取面神经节,三叉神经节,根及分支进行连续切片,利用计算机制作三维立体图像,再观察神经节细胞的分布.结果:①面神经节的形态接近圆形.②面神经节位于颅腔内而三又神经节位于眼眶与颅腔之间的骨组织中.③从面神经节发出的周围突通过三叉神经节,与三叉神经的分支伴行.④神经节细胞在神经节内成团分布.结论:罗非鱼面神经节位于颅腔内,在三又神经节的内侧.     

鱼类三叉神经运动核的形态学研究

目的:应用生物胞素法观察罗非鱼三叉神经运动核的形态及细胞分布特征.方法:本实验用罗非鱼,15只(性别不限),体长12～16 cm,动物浸入140 mg/L三卡因间氨苯酸乙脂甲磺酸盐{tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222)}溶液中麻醉,在手术显微镜下暴露神经,通过生物胞素(Biocytin)结晶追踪技术研究定位硬骨鱼类三叉神经运动核的形态及细胞分布.结果:①硬骨鱼类罗非鱼的三叉神经运动核分为腹侧和背侧两组细胞群.②三叉神经根注入列中两组细胞群都能观察到被标记的细胞.下颌神经注入列中被标记的细胞以背侧群为主.上颌神经及眼神经注入列中两群细胞都没有发现被标记细胞,但上颌神经组中能观察到神经终末及突触联系.结论:硬骨鱼类罗非鱼的三叉神经运动核分为两组细胞群.三叉神经运动核发出的纤维走行于下颌神经内.     

胚胎与成人三叉神经节细胞形态对比观察

目的：探讨胚胎与成人三叉神经节细胞的形态学特征。方法：采用常规HE染色,运用电子显微超微结构技术及特殊染色,对比观察二者的形态学特征。结果：胚胎与成人三叉神经节细胞大体分布及形态一致,与胚胎三叉神经节细胞相比,成人最突出的特点是节细胞大,核仁清晰,居中。电镜下节细胞的细胞器较丰富,发育完善。且成人三又神经节神细胞明暗区别明显。结论t三叉神经节细胞结构与功能完善是在成年之后,成人三又神经节细胞存在明暗两类细胞。     

美西螈胚胎鳃神经发育的形态学

在约25℃温度下孵化并选用第30～44期的美西螈(Ambystoma mexicanum)胚胎标本,用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定,进行整体标本免疫染色,体视显微镜观察.结果显示,胚胎30期,可观察到鳃神经节短小的鳃神经本干;胚胎35期,已能观察到较明显的部分分支和交通支;胚胎37期,形成上颌神经及下颌神经;胚胎38期,可观察到舌咽神经的背支、咽头支;胚胎40期,可观察到舌咽神经的鳃裂前支.因而,美西螈鳃神经在胚胎早期遵循祖先型排列的特点,之后随胚胎的发育,出现随鳃器官演化而重新分布的趋势;其舌咽神经基本保持了鳃神经的原始形态特点.     

人胚胎三叉神经节细胞发育初步观察

目的:观察人胚胎三叉神经节细胞随胎龄增长变化发育规律.方法:取19-32周人胚胎三叉神经节,光镜观察,细胞计数,图像分析仪测量三叉神经节细胞面积、周长、直径.结果:随着胎龄增长三叉神经节细胞数目无显著性变化,直径随胎龄增长而增大,面积和周长明显增大.结论:人胚胎三叉神经节细胞形态发育在7-8个月(32周)时达成年水平.     

胚胎与成人三叉神经节细胞形态对比观察*

摘要目的：探讨胚胎与成人三叉神经节细胞的形态学特征。方法：采用常规HE 染色,运用电子显微超微结构技术及特殊染色,对 比观察二者的形态学特征。结果：胚胎与成人三叉神经节细胞大体分布及形态一致,与胚胎三叉神经节细胞相比,成人最突出的 特点是节细胞大,核仁清晰,居中。电镜下节细胞的细胞器较丰富,发育完善。且成人三叉神经节神细胞明暗区别明显。结论：三 叉神经节细胞结构与功能完善是在成年之后,成人三叉神经节细胞存在明暗两类细胞。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细