新早期胃癌标志物PRDX4通过清除ROS促进胃癌的发生发展

胃癌是全球第四大最常见的癌症,也是全球癌症中引起死亡的第二大原因。为了降低胃癌的死亡率,目前亟需解决的问题是发现新的早期胃癌特异性的标志物,提高早期胃癌的检出率,从而从根本上解决胃癌死亡率高的问题。实验室前期研究发现过氧化物酶4 (Peroxiredoxin 4,PRDX4)具有早期胃癌标志物的潜能,文中通过建立恶性转化模型及转化细胞过表达等方法,研究PRDX4在转化细胞中的作用。结果显示PRDX4通过减少转化细胞中活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量,使细胞处在利于生长增殖的微环境中,从而促进细胞发生恶性转化,即PRDX4通过清除ROS促进胃癌的发生发展。     

过氧化物酶体降解与疾病

过氧化物酶体是细胞中一种参与脂肪酸代谢、缩醛磷脂合成和氧化应激等功能的细胞器,其数量会根据细胞和细胞所处微环境的不同而发生变化,这种变化又与过氧化物酶体本身的降解密切相关.虽然一直以来,过氧化物酶体都被线粒体的光芒所掩盖,但是近年来,随着过氧化物酶体研究的逐渐增多,人们对于过氧化物酶体的降解也有了更全面的了解.本文主要...     

过氧化物酶体生物发生研究进展

过氧化物酶体是存在于真核细胞中的一种亚细胞器,主要功能是参与脂肪酸等脂质的代谢过程和氧化应激的调节。近年来研究发现,多种疾病都与过氧化物酶体的生物发生异常有关。过氧化物酶体的生物发生指过氧化物酶体的形成过程,包括从头合成和分裂增殖两条途径。两条途径中,参与过氧化物酶体生物发生的蛋白质,即peroxin(PEX)的基因发生突变,会导致过氧化物酶体生成障碍,引起疾病的发生。因此,就过氧化物酶体生物发生的研究进展进行综述,有助于为相关疾病的诊断和治疗提供参考和依据。     

大鼠成骨细胞特异单链DNA适配体的筛选与鉴定

目的:筛选能特异识别大鼠成骨细胞的单链DNA(ssDNA)适配体并对其进行鉴定。方法:利用完整细胞为靶标的消减细胞SELEX技术筛选大鼠成骨细胞特异ssDNA适配体,通过荧光显微镜、流式细胞术、基因克隆测序、MEME在线软件和RNA structure分析软件,分析适配体的一、二级结构,并对筛选得到的适配体进行鉴定。结果:经过6轮消减细胞SELEX筛选,荧光显微镜鉴定文库已富集;通过流式细胞术检测及测序分析,得到2条适配体L54和L66与大鼠成骨细胞特异结合,其平衡解离常数分别为494.4±133.3和511.4±160.7 nmol/L。结论:筛选获得特异识别大鼠成骨细胞的ssDNA适配体。     

过氧化物酶体的稳态维持机制与膜接触位点

过氧化物酶体是保守存在于真核生物中的一种细胞器,参与多种生化代谢过程,包括脂肪酸β氧化反应、活性氧的产生和降解等。过氧化物酶体在生物发生和应对环境胁迫过程中,通过数量和时空分布的规律性动态变化,实现质量控制,以维持其生化代谢的稳态,从而保持机体的正常生命活动。同时,作为真核细胞的代谢枢纽,过氧化物酶体功能的正常发挥与稳态维持需要与其他细胞器相互协作。过氧化物酶体膜接触位点在过氧化物酶体与各细胞器相互连接和交流中发挥着重要作用。近年来,过氧化物酶体稳态维持机制和膜接触位点的组成和功能成为国内外相关研究的热点,本文对相关研究的进展进行了综述。     

酵母过氧化物酶体的形成机制

过氧化物酶体是细胞中一种重要的细胞器.过氧化物酶体在细胞功能的发挥和人体健康方面有着重要作用.目前,以酵母过氧化物酶体为模型,研究过氧化物酶体的形成机制是研究热点.从过氧化物酶体起源、生成方式介绍最新研究进展,总结在酵母细胞中参与过氧化物酶体形成的必需基因(pex),及其编码Peroxin蛋白在过氧化物酶体形成过程中的...     

植物体中的过氧化物酶体

过氧化物酶体参与了包括氧化氢反应、长链脂肪酸的β-氧化等几乎所有的必需代谢途径。植物过氧化物酶体在植物体抗病和抗衰老过程中发挥作用。介绍了植物过氧化物酶体与亚硫酸盐氧化酶以及植物过氧化物酶体抗衰老、生物发生和动力学等方面的研究进展。     

过氧化物酶体的生物发生与疾病

过氧化物酶体的膜蛋白和酶分子由核基因编码,在游离的核糖体上合成之后,由定位信号引导靶向运输并组装到过氧化物酶体的。本文就过氧化物酶体膜蛋白信号ｍＰＴＳ、酶分子信号ＰＴＳ１Ｔ ＰＴＳ２、酶分子运进过氧化物酶体的模型以及由于过氧化物酶体生物发生的障碍而引起的疾病加以讨论。     

过氧化物酶体脂肪酸β氧化

除线粒体外,过氧化物酶体也是真核细胞脂肪酸β氧化分解的重要部位．过氧化物酶体β氧化过程包括氧化、加水、脱氢和硫解4步反应,主要参与极长链、支链脂肪酸等的分解．近年关于过氧化物酶体β氧化的研究活跃,在代谢途径及功能等方面有了新的认识,尤其在对相关代谢酶的研究中取得了较大进展．本文就过氧化物酶体β氧化相关进展作一综述．     

稻瘟病菌过氧化物酶体产生与降解的关键基因

过氧化物酶体(peroxisomes)是真核细胞中一类单层膜包被的细胞器,参与多种生化代谢.过氧化物酶体起源于内质网,过氧化物酶体形成相关的蛋白称为Peroxin,其编码基因通常写作PEX.细胞中过氧化物酶体的选择性消解称为过氧化物酶体自噬(pexophagy).参与细胞自噬(autophagy)的基因(ATG)大多参与过氧化物酶体自噬.近年来,丝状真菌中过氧化物酶体形成与降解机制的研究进展迅速,相关基因不断被鉴定.本文对相关研究进行了简要评述,并以稻瘟病菌为例,对丝状真菌基因组中可能的PEX和ATG基因进行了检索.发现稻瘟病菌中存在除PEX15,PEX17,PEX18,PEX21,PEX22,ATG19,ATG25,ATG30和ATG31之外的大多数PEX和ATG基因;同时,还存在多个丝状真菌特有的基因.说明过氧化物酶体的产生与消解在酵母、丝状真菌与哺乳动物之间相对保守,同时又各具特性.     

Caveolin-1 is a Modulator of Fibroblast Activation and a Potential Biomarker for Gastric Cancer

Stromal fibroblasts play an important role in chronic cancer-related inflammation and the development as well as progression of malignant diseases. However, the difference and relationship between inflammation-associated fibroblasts (IAFs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are poorly understood. In this study, gastric cancer-associated fibroblasts (GCAFs) and their corresponding inflammation-associated fibroblasts (GIAFs) were isolated from gastric cancer (GC) with chronic gastritis and cultured in vitro. These activated fibroblasts exhibited distinct secretion and tumor-promoting behaviors in vitro. Using proteomics and bioinformatics techniques, caveolin-1 (Cav-1) was identified as a major network-centric protein of a sub-network consisting of 121 differentially expressed proteins between GIAFs and GCAFs. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry in a GC cohort showed significant difference in Cav-1 expression score between GIAFs and GCAFs and among patients with different grades of chronic gastritis. Moreover, silencing of Cav-1 in GIAFs and GCAFs using small interfering RNA increased the production of pro-inflammatory and tumor-enhancing cytokines and chemokines in conditioned mediums that elevated cell proliferation and migration when added to GC cell lines AGS and MKN45 in vitro. In addition, Cav-1 status in GIAFs and GCAFs independently predicted the prognosis of GC. Our findings indicate that Cav-1 loss contributes to the distinct activation statuses of fibroblasts in GC microenvironment and gastritis mucosa, and Cav-1 expression in both GCAFs and GIAFs may serve as a potential biomarker for GC progression.     

Identification of CEACAM5 as a Biomarker for Prewarning and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer

MGd1, a monoclonal antibody raised against gastric cancer cells, possesses a high degree of specificity for gastric cancer (GC). Here we identified that the antigen of MGd1 is CEACAM5, and used MGd1 to investigate the expression of CEACAM5 in non-GC and GC tissues (N=643), as a biomarker for prewarning and prognosis. The expression of CEACAM5 was detected by immunohistochemistry in numerous tissues; its clinicopathological correlation was statistically analyzed. CEACAM5 expression was increased progressively from normal gastric mucosa to chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and finally to GC (p<0.05). In gastric precancerous lesions (intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia), CEACAM5-positive patients had a higher risk of developing GC as compared with CEACAM5-negative patients (OR = 12.68, p<0.001). Besides, CEACAM5 was found positively correlated with invasion depth of gastric adenocarcinoma (p<0.001). In survival analysis, CEACAM5 was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic predictor for patients with GC of clinical stage IIIA/IV (p=0.033). Our results demonstrate that CEACAM5 is a promising biomarker for GC prewarning and prognostic evaluation.     

Cyclin D1 Serves as a Poor Prognostic Biomarker in Stage I Gastric Cancer

TNM stage still serves as the best prognostic marker in gastric cancer (GC). The next step is to find prognostic biomarkers that detect subgroups with different prognoses in the same TNM stage. In this study, the expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclin D1 were assessed in 96 tissue samples, including non-tumorous tissue, adenoma, and carcinoma. Then, the prognostic impact of EGFR and cyclin D1 was retrospectively investigated in 316 patients who underwent R0 resection for GC. EGFR positivity increased as gastric tissue became malignant, and cyclin D1 positivity was increased in all the tumorous tissues. However, there was no survival difference caused by the EGFR positivity, while the cyclin D1-postive group had worse overall survival (OS) than the cyclin D1-negative group in stage I GC (10-year survival rate (10-YSR): 62.8% vs. 86.5%, p = 0.010). In subgroup analyses for the propensity score-matched (PSM) cohort, there were also significant differences in the OS according to the cyclin D1 positivity in stage I GC but not in stage II and III GC. Upon multivariate analysis, cyclin D1 positivity was an independent prognostic factor in stage I GC. In conclusion, cyclin D1 may be a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in stage I GC.     

应用双向热循环消减SELEX技术筛选胃癌血清核酸适配体

胃癌是发病率及死亡率均较高的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁人类的生命健康。血清肿瘤标志物的检测对提高早期胃癌的检出率,改善胃癌的治疗有重要的意义。核酸适配体以其灵敏度高、靶向性强等优势显示出了较强的临床适用性。本研究以双向热循环消减指数富集式配基系统进化(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)技术为支持,纳米（琼脂）磁珠材料为载体,胃癌血清及正常人血清为筛选靶标,结合高通量测序技术建立了快速高效的核酸适配体筛选方法。经过19轮双向筛选,获得高重复率的胃癌血清特异性核酸适配体序列10条及正常人血清特异性核酸适配体序列8条。将这些序列分别混合并制成检测试剂A、B,结合实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR）技术,对100份临床血清样本进行特异性验证。通过比较分析,建立了快速高效的胃癌血清检测技术。结果显示,核酸适配体G AP1与N AP1的二级结构类似于抗体的“Y”型,且呈茎环状。检测试剂A、B对胃癌及正常人血清的检出率分别为92%和88%。表明本技术可以较准确地筛选得到高特异性和强亲和力的核酸适配体,体现了核酸适配体作为新型肿瘤标志物在临床检测及治疗的应用潜力。     

Cost-Effectiveness of Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer Survivors After Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer

Background:  Clinical effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication in gastric cancer survivors after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer (EGC) was recently established in a randomized controlled trial. We aimed to establish long-term cost-effectiveness in gastric cancer survivors after endoscopic resection of EGC.
Materials and Methods:  A Markov model was constructed to compare the costs and outcomes of the two intervention strategies: (1) eradicate H. pylori after complete resection of EGC by endoscopy (2) do not eradicate. Estimates for variables in the model were obtained by extensive review of published reports. Analyses were made from the Korean public healthcare provider's perspective.
Results:  Base-case analysis indicated H. pylori eradication costs less (US$ 29,780 vs. US$ 30,594) than no eradication, and save more lives (mean life expectancy from eradication: 13.60 years vs. 13.55 years). One-way and three-way sensitivity analyses showed the robustness of the cost-effectiveness results.
Conclusion:  In this selective population with very high risk of developing gastric cancer, H. pylori eradication should be considered for reimbursement with priority to prevent subsequent cancer and also reduce health care cost.     

胰腺癌早期检测的生物标志物（英文）

胰腺癌症是最难诊断和治疗的恶性肿瘤之一,其特点是发病隐匿、进展迅速、预后差。目前,手术治疗仍然是首选治疗方法。然而由于缺乏早期症状,大约70%的患者在确诊时已经出现局部扩散或远端转移,从而无法进行手术治疗。由此看来,早期检测是提高患者治疗效果和预后的有效途径。临床上使用的成像方法 （CT、MRI、EUS等）通常无法检测早期病变,并且很容易受到操作员的影响。常规临床标志物如CA19-9、CA125、CA242和CEA受到限制,其敏感性或特异性不令人满意。因此,寻找新的具有高敏感性和特异性的标志物是实现胰腺癌早期检测的关键。近年来,对生物标志物的广泛研究主要集中在遗传学、转录组学和蛋白质组学上。特别是由microRNA(miRNA)、long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)和circRNA(circRNA)组成的非蛋白质编码RNA(non-protein coding RNA,ncRNA)为胰腺癌的早期检测提出了许多新思路。然而,其中绝大多数仍处于实验室研究阶段。而一项成熟的生物标志物研究应该整合基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学或代谢组学的数据,并结合患者的个体特征（如体重指数...     

Integration of IgA and IgG Autoantigens Improves Performance of Biomarker Panels for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

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Highlights

• •HuProt array-based identification of autoantigens in serum of early lung cancer.
• •Independent validation of early lung cancer biomarker candidates with ELISA.
• •Bioinformatics-aided identification of a biomarker panel.
• •Independent verification of the panel with ELISA and immunohistochemistry.

     

环状RNA在胃癌与结直肠癌中的功能和作为临床标志物的潜力

环状RNA（circRNA）是一种广泛存在于生物体内的新型内源性RNA。CircRNA由RNA前体可变剪接产生,比线性RNA有更好的稳定性,是最近几年RNA领域的明星分子。CircRNA来源于内含子或外显子,可充当miRNA海绵或者结合蛋白质来参与基因表达调控,甚至已发现有circRNA能编码蛋白质。越来越多的研究表明,circRNA在肿瘤（如：食管癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和膀胱癌等）的发生发展中发挥了重要作用。近年来,circRNA在胃癌、结直肠癌的研究逐渐增加,circRNA可能成为新的生物学标志物发挥诊断和预后的作用。本文将主要介绍circRNA 在胃癌及结直肠癌的功能和作为临床标志物的研究进展。