高效液相色谱三重四级杆质谱联用法同时测定食品接触材料中12种塑化剂和抗氧化剂

目的:采用高效液相色谱三重四级杆质谱联用法(HPLC-QqQ-MS)建立食品接触材料中12种塑化剂和抗氧化剂迁移水平的检测方法。方法:采用HPLC-QqQ-MS检测食品接触材料中12种化合物的迁移水平,并用三重四级杆质谱对这12种物质进行确证。结果:该方法测定的12种目标化合物具有良好的线性关系,r~2≥0.9990,检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别在0.01-0.04mg/L和0.02-0.08 mg/L之间。按照GB/T 23296.1-2009的迁移实验方法及条件,考察了4种食品模拟物包括超纯水、3%(V:V)乙酸水溶液、10%(V:V)乙醇水溶液、95%(V:V)乙醇水溶液的迁移水平。该方法回收率在83.1%至118.4%之间,RSD在0.21%至8.43%之间。结论:利用该方法测定了13批次食品接触材料中12种塑化剂和抗氧化剂的迁移水平,均未检出上述物质。结果表明,该方法准确、稳定、检测灵敏度高。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中烷基间苯二酚

目的：建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中2种全麦食品生物标志物烷基间苯二酚（ARs）的方法。方法：血浆加入内标,经丙酮提取,离心取上清液过滤,滤液吹干异丙醇定容,使用实心核色谱柱（2.1mm×100mm,1.6μm）为分离柱,以异丙醇∶乙腈=30∶70为流动相,等度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾负离子模式,多反应监测模式进行检测,用内标法定量。结果：2种ARs在2~200ng/mL浓度范围内线性良好,r2>0.998 0。方法检出限为0.1ng/mL,定量限为0.3ng/mL,加标回收率为88.2%~110%,相对标准偏差为2.48%~13.2%（n=6）。结论：该方法快速准确、灵敏度高、前处理简单,能够有效测定血浆中2种ARs的含量。     

利用超高效液相色谱和离子色谱法测定注射用磷酸川芎嗪的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)和离子色谱法(IC)测定磷酸川芎嗪中川芎嗪和磷酸的含量,为质量评价提供依据。方法:UPLC测定川芎嗪的色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH C18 (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm);检测波长:300 nm检测川芎嗪,274 nm检测有关物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯;流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-0.1%甲酸乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0.0～0.8 min,10%B→90%B;0.8～0.81 min,90%B→10%B;0.81～1.00 min,10%B),流速:0.7 m L/min。IC测定磷酸的离子交换色谱柱为Dionex IonPac AS11-HC-4μm (4×250 mm),流动相为30 mmol/L KOH溶液等度洗脱15 min,流速1.0 m L/min,柱温35℃;电导检测器;抑制器电流为50 m A。结果:川芎嗪和磷酸在10～100 g/m L内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均为1.0,UPLC法测定川芎嗪的回收率为102.0%。IC测定磷酸的回收率为99.8%。7个公司生产的注射剂中川芎嗪的含量均在药典规定的范围90%～110%内。但是其中3个公司生产的注射剂磷酸超出药典规定范围90%～110%。结论:与常规HPLC/UPLC测定磷酸川芎嗪含量方法比较,本文所用方法测定结果更加准确、全面、且重复性好,能够真实反应注射用磷酸川芎嗪的实际含量,对于注射用磷酸川芎嗪的安全性和有效性评估提供了一定的依据。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四级杆质谱鉴定灵芝中脂质成分

脂质是灵芝重要活性成分之一,但目前对灵芝胞内脂质成分的构成研究甚少。本研究采用UPLC-ESI-MS/MS技术,对灵芝发酵菌体的胞内脂质构成进行分析。结果显示,灵芝细胞中共鉴定到296种脂质,其中甘油酯112种、磷脂148种、鞘脂34种和甾醇2种;甘油酯和磷脂分别占总脂质的44.70%和38.06%,鞘脂和甾醇分别占总脂质的17.08%和0.16%。分析甘油酯中主要成分为甘油三酯,占甘油酯总含量的67.36%;磷脂中主要成分为磷脂酰乙醇胺,占磷脂总含量的62.64%;鞘脂中主要成分为神经酰胺,占鞘脂总量的60.33%;此外,本研究检测出27种游离脂肪酸,其中20种为不饱和脂肪酸,相对含量为65.59%;7种为饱和脂肪酸,相对含量为34.41%。本研究系统性地分析了灵芝细胞中的脂质构成,为进一步开展灵芝细胞中脂质相关研究奠定基础。     

基于液相色谱-质谱技术的早期胃癌血清多肽组学研究

目的:建立早期胃癌外周血清特征性多肽谱,分析其生物学特征,以探索一种特异且敏感的早期胃癌血清学诊断方法。方法:采集10例早期胃癌和10例正常对照血清,使用蛋白沉淀法去除高丰度血清蛋白质后,通过液相色谱-质谱联用技术重复三次进行多肽分离、离子化、质谱检测,将原始数据应用Label free方法中Max Quant算法对肽段进行相对定量,分析两组差异多肽及差异多肽匹配蛋白。结果:EGC组和N组重复三次所得色谱图总体比较一致,多肽重复检出率分别为87.54%和85.67%。其中EGC组可重复检测到的Unique peptide有65条,匹配对应31个蛋白;在EGC组和N组血清中显著差异的Unique peptide有22条,匹配对应11个蛋白。对血清显著差异多肽所匹配蛋白进行生物学分析,发现这些蛋白质多数位于细胞外,功能类别主要涉及分子水平的序列变换、信号肽、N-糖基化位点等,信号通路主要富集在凝血级联通路和补体级联通路。结论:早期胃癌血清特异性多肽谱图的建立可望成为胃癌早期诊断的血清学标志物,后续试验将进一步针对这些差异多肽进一步分析验证,筛选出早期胃癌标志性多肽,同时应用大样本进行验证,筛选出特异高效的早期胃癌血清标志物。     

建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测细胞内腺苷酸浓度的方法及其应用

细胞内腺苷酸浓度变化是细胞能量代谢改变的感应器,建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测细胞内腺苷酸浓度的方法有助于监测药物对细胞能量代谢的影响．用含有Na-EDTA的高氯酸溶液超声裂解细胞．采用超高效HSS T3色谱柱 (2.1 mm ×100 mm, 1.8 μm),以8 mmol/L N, N-二甲基己胺(DMHA)水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子模式质谱检测,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定性定量分析．结果表明,AMP、ADP和ATP分别在(0.1814～14.5164) μmol/L、(0.2342～18.7354) μmol/L和(0.2003～16.0260) μmol/L线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,其相关系数分别为0.9984、0.9964和0.9990．AMP、ADP和ATP的检出限(LOD,S/N>3)分别为1.9291、1.8794 和166.5 nmol/L,定量限(LOQ,S/N>10)为1.9632、1.9672和185.6 nmol/L,且加标回收率为81.8% ～107.8%,相对标准偏差小于7.55%．AMP、ADP和ATP的日内偏差(RSD)分别为6.16%、5.13%和7.66%,日间偏差(RSD)分别为6.36%、2.74%和6.77%．该方法快速、简单、灵敏,能满足细胞内AMP、ADP和ATP含量的检测要求．通过检测分析在不同浓度高良姜挥发油作用下人肺癌A549细胞内AMP、ADP和ATP含量变化,结果显示细胞总的腺苷酸水平和能荷呈浓度依赖性下降,且当浓度达到500 mg/L时ATP/TAN明显下降,而A549细胞中AMP/ATP比例水平呈浓度依赖性增加．这提示高良姜挥发油可通过影响细胞能量代谢抑制细胞增殖．     

超高效液相色谱法测定麻黄中l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的含量

目的:建立超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)测定麻黄中l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱含量的方法,为麻黄药材质量评价提供依据。方法:UPLC测定麻黄碱色谱柱为Waters Acquity BEH-C_(18)(2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7μm);检测波长:214 nm;流动相为0.15%氨水水溶液(A)和乙腈(B),梯度洗脱(0.0～4.0 min,5%B→55%B;4.0～4.1 min,55%B→95%B;4.1～4.7 min,95%B;4.7～4.8 min,95%B→5%B;4.8～5.0 min,5%B),流速:0.7mL/min;柱温:25℃。结果:l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱分别在12.50～500.00μg/mL和10.50～420.00μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.9999,UPLC方法测定l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的回收率分别为101.99%和98.68%。应用UPLC方法测定麻黄药材中的l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的含量,麻黄药材两者含量分别为0.80%和0.18%。结论:与常规HPLC测定l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱含量方法比较,本文所用方法测定结果更加准确、全面、且重复性好,能够快速测定麻黄药材中的l-麻黄碱和d-伪麻黄碱的实际含量;并且对麻黄碱及相关物质的测定有一定的指导意义。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法定量分析莱茵衣藻1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯

研究建立了基于超高效液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱技术的1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯(1,3-Dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol, OPO)分析方法。在正离子模式下, 以[876>577]为定量离子对, 通过多反应监测模式(Multiple Reaction Monitoring, MRM)扫描, 采用内标法对OPO进行定量分析。对缺氮胁迫条件下一株野生型莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)cc-5325及其半乳糖基水解酶基因敲降突变体M08的OPO进行了定量分析, 研究结果发现莱茵衣藻中OPO在缺氮胁迫期间显著积累, 且不同遗传背景的莱茵衣藻OPO积累量不同。在缺氮第1至第3天, M08的OPO含量相较于cc-5325分别提高了3.70、3.04和2.74倍, M08的OPO产量相较于cc-5325分别提高了1.13、1.53和1.33倍, 说明通过遗传改造莱茵衣藻的某些脂质代谢途径相关基因可以增加其OPO含量, 因此莱茵衣藻具有改成为商业化油脂新食品原料的潜在应用价值。研究建立的功能脂质OPO的定量分析方法对进一步研究不同遗传改造的莱茵衣藻中OPO结构脂的检测提供了技术支持和分析基础。     

LC-MS/MS法检测猪内脏和肌肉中N-乙酰神经氨酸、N-羟乙酰氨酸和脱氨神经氨酸浓度的研究

目的:建立液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)测定猪内脏和肌肉组织中唾液酸N-乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Ac)、N-羟乙酰神经氨酸(Neu5Gc)和脱氨神经氨酸(KDN)浓度的分析方法。方法:将内脏肉组织匀浆后,利用三氟乙酸(TFA)将结合态的唾液酸从糖脂或糖蛋白链上解离下来后进样分析。色谱条件:色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18(5μm,4.6×250 mm,Waters),流动相为0.1%醋酸铵-100%乙腈(9:1),柱温:25℃,流速800μL·min~(-1),进样量20μL。质谱条件:离子源为电喷雾化离子源(ESI),扫描方式为多重反应监测(MRM),监测离子对:Neu5Ac:307.7→87.0,Neu5Gc:323.3→116.0,KDN:266.7→87.0,13C3Neu5Ac内标品:310.9→90.0。结果:Neu5Ac、Neu5Gc和KDN分别在0.1~20.0、0.05~10.00和0.005~1.000μmol·L~(-1)的浓度范围内和对照品与内标峰面积比值线性关系良好,重复性平均RSD为1.2%,稳定性平均RSD为1.9%,日间和日内精密度试验RSD均小于6.7%,平均回收率为92.9~106.4%。结论:本方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可广泛运用于组织和体液中唾液酸的测定。     

液相色谱/质谱联用法分析不同年龄鼠皮肤中I型、III型胶原蛋白相对含量

哺乳动物皮肤中真皮内的胶原蛋白含量约占70%,主要是I型、III型和少量V型胶原蛋白。利用稀酸溶解和酶法提取了大鼠皮肤中的总胶原蛋白,将胶原蛋白粗提品在60℃变性后用胰蛋白酶进行降解,液相色谱/质谱联用法分析两种胶原蛋白的特征多肽,并研究不同生长期大鼠皮肤中I型和III型胶原蛋白相对含量。结果表明,大鼠皮肤中的III型胶原蛋白的相对含量随生长期延长逐渐降低,而I型胶原蛋白的相对含量逐渐升高,8周后两种胶原蛋白的比例趋于稳定。表明使用高效液相色谱/质谱联用法分析组织中的胶原蛋白类型及其动态变化具有可行性,为更好的临床应用提供实验基础。     

Simultaneous Determination of Serotonin, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid and Homovanillic Acid by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection

A rapid and highly sensitive procedure for simultaneous determination of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid is described. After precipitation of proteins with perchloric acid the samples are applied directly to a high performance liquid chromatograph, with electrochemical detection. As little as 20 pg of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 200 pg of homovanillic acid can be detected. One chromatographic run requires less than 10 min.     

5-Hydroxytryptophol in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Conjugation, Concentration Gradient, Relationship to 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, and Influence of Hereditary Factors

The serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxytryptophol was studied in human cerebrospinal fluid. A minor fraction (approximately 13%) was found in conjugated form from which it was liberated by treatment with sulphatase containing beta-glucuronidase activity. A concentration gradient of 5-hydroxytryptophol concentration was shown on lumbar tapping and the concentration in ventricular CSF was about 2.5 times higher than that in lumbar CSF. 5-Hydroxytryptophol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations were significantly correlated in healthy, psychotic, and depressed subjects, but not in alcoholics. 5-Hydroxytryptophol concentrations in CSF of psychotic and depressed subjects were not different from those of healthy controls (4.22 pmol/ml +/- 0.15, SEM). In healthy subjects, hereditary factors seemed to have little influence on the CSF level of 5-hydroxytryptophol.     

Liquid Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Procedure for Measurement of NAD Catabolites in Human and Rat Plasma and Urine

Monitoring level of the metabolites of the coenzyme NAD such as nicotinamide and its oxidized and methylated derivatives is important due to therapeutic applications of these compounds and monitoring of oxidative stress. We evaluated feasibility of using HPLC with electrospray ion-trap mass detection for single run separation and quantitation of all the NAD metabolites. We achieved good separation and retention of all the metabolites of interest using reversed-phase with ion-pairing. Single ion monitoring or tandem MS were used for detection and quantitation of the specific compounds with good linearity. The method was able to detect all the physiological metabolites in plasma samples of rats and humans or in urine. However, full validation is necessary before this method could be routinely applied.     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时测定益气养血口服液中的5种有效成分

建立了同时测定益气养血口服液中的淫羊藿苷、黄芪甲苷、黄芪皂苷域、五味子醇甲和麦冬皂苷D5种有效成分含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法,用Agilent Zorbax RRHD Eclipse Plus C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.8滋m)色谱柱,流动相：A相为乙腈溶液,B相为含0.2%甲酸的水溶液,流速为0.35 mL/min。在电喷雾电离(ESI)正离子模式下,采用的是多重反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测。结果表明,黄芪甲苷、黄芪皂苷域、淫羊藿苷、五味子醇甲和麦冬皂苷D的线性范围分别为0.003~12 mg/L、0.3~12 mg/L、0.009~18 mg/L、0.006~1.2 mg/L、0.003~3.0 mg/L;检出限分别为1滋g/L、1滋g/L、3滋g/L、2滋g/L、1滋g/L;5种成分的加样回收率为75.9%~104%;相对标准偏差均不大于3.8%。该方法简便、准确、快速、高灵敏度,已成功地用于实际的样品分析。     

Endogenous Release of Neuronal Serotonin and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in the Caudate-Putamen of the Rat as Revealed by Intracerebral Dialysis Coupled to High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorimetric Detection

Extracellular levels of endogenous serotonin (5-HT) and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), were measured in the caudate-putamen of anesthetized and awake rats using intracerebral microdialysis coupled to HPLC with fluorimetric detection. A dialysis probe (of the loop type) was perfused with Ringer solution at 2 microliters/min, and samples collected every 30 or 60 min. Basal indole levels were followed for up to 4 days in both intact and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) lesioned animals. Immediately after the probe implantation, the striatal 5-HT levels were about 10 times higher than the steady-state levels that were reached after 7-8 h of perfusion. The steady-state baseline levels, which amounted to 22.5 fmol/30 min sampling time, remained stable for 4 days. In 5,7-DHT-denervated animals, the steady-state levels of 5-HT, measured during the second day after probe implantation, were below the limit of detection (less than 10 fmol/60 min). However, during the first 6 h post-implantation, the 5-HT output was as high as in intact animals, which suggests that the high 5-HT levels recovered in association with probe implantation were blood-derived. As a consequence, all other experiments were started after a delay of at least 12 h after implantation of the dialysis probe. In awake, freely moving animals, the steady-state 5-HT levels were about 60% higher than in halothane-anesthetized animals, whereas 5-HIAA was unaffected by anesthesia. KCl (60 and 100 mM) added to the perfusion fluid produced a sharp increase in 5-HT output that was eight-fold at the 60 mM concentration and 21-fold at the 100 mM concentration. In contrast, 5-HIAA output dropped by 43 and 54%, respectively. In 5,7-DHT-lesioned animals, the KCl-evoked (100 mM) release represented less than 5% of the peak values obtained for the intact striata. Omission of Ca2+ from the perfusion fluid resulted in a 70% reduction in baseline 5-HT output, whereas the 5-HIAA levels remained unchanged. High concentrations of tetrodotoxin (TTX) added to the perfusion medium (5-50 microM) resulted in quite variable results. At a lower concentration (1 microM), however, TTX produced a 50% reduction in baseline 5-HT release, whereas the 5-HIAA output remained unchanged. The 5-HT reuptake blocker, indalpine, increased the extracellular levels of 5-HT sixfold when added to the perfusion medium (1 microM), and threefold when given intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg). By contrast, the 5-HIAA level remained unaffected during indalpine infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Motor Activity Increases Tryptophan, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, and Homovanillic Acid in Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid of the Conscious Rat

An investigation was made into the effects of running (1 h at 20 m/min) on central serotonergic and dopaminergic metabolism in trained rats. Methodology involved continuous withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the third ventricle of conscious rats and measurements of tryptophan (TRP), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels during a 2 h post-exercise period. All three compounds were increased during the hour following exercise and returned to their basal values within an hour later. CSF flow rate was stable when metabolite levels were elevated. Brain determinations indicated that CSF metabolite variations only qualitatively paralleled brain changes. Indeed, post-exercise TRP, 5-HIAA, and HVA levels were increased to a greater extent in brain when compared to CSF. It is suggested that increased serotonergic and dopaminergic metabolism, caused by motor activity, may be involved in the behavioral effects of exercise.     

液相串联质谱法同时定量检测生物样本中鞘脂类化合物

鞘脂类中的主要活性分子鞘氨醇1-磷酸（S1P）,可通过介导细胞增殖、分化和迁移等发挥广泛的生物学功能|同时,S1P可在相关酶的作用下转变为其它形式.本文旨在建立一种简便的鞘脂类的制备方法,并结合液相串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）快速检测生物样本中纳克水平的鞘脂类化合物. 采用甲醇沉淀或经典的脂质提取方法获得鞘脂类化合物,再采用LC-MS/MS在多反应监测模式（MRM）下进行定量分析. 实验结果表明,甲醇沉淀法可简便快捷地获得血浆或脂蛋白中鞘氨醇类化合物; S1P、二氢鞘氨醇（DH-S1P）和鞘氨醇（SPH）的定量限分别为110.5、215.6和44.3 pg;人血浆中S1P、DH-S1P和SPH的含量分别为257.8±49.4 nmol/L、93.5±17.3 nmol/L和44.6± 7.4 nmol/L, 鞘脂类化合物在人血浆脂蛋白上的分布存在显著性差异|在ApoE-/-小鼠血浆中S1P、DH-S1P和SPH的含量分别为590.1±78.2 nmol/L、197.8±60.6 nmol/L和35.4±16.7 nmol/L|每1×106个人脐静脉内皮细胞（EA.hy926）中,S1P和SPH的含量分别为103.7±21.8 pg和16.3±5.3 ng.甲醇沉淀法结合LC-MS/MS可简便快捷地对血浆和脂蛋白中的鞘脂类化合物进行定量检测. 该方法特别适用于大量生物样本中鞘脂类的快速定量分析.     

人早期胚胎解冻后氨基酸代谢变化的临床分析

目的:分析人早期胚胎解冻后的氨基酸代谢变化,以明确冻融胚胎解冻后的最佳移植时机。方法:收集2013年1月-2014年1月本中心24例经体外受精-胚胎移植治疗患者取卵后第3日6~8细胞废弃胚胎,采用囊胚培养液微滴对其培养,培养2h后用玻璃化冷冻保存,于冷冻前2h、解冻后各时段分别收集15μL胚胎培养微滴,以同一培养皿中未进行胚胎培养的培养液为对照组。通过高效液相色谱法检测标本在不同时段(0.5、1、2、4、6、24 h)的氨基酸浓度变化。结果:对照组解冻后不同时间点赖氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸与谷氨酰胺浓度与与解冻前比较,差异具均有统计学意义(P0.05),其余16种氨基酸解冻前后浓度无明显变化,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。胚胎培养液解冻后1 h,胚胎培养液中的氨基酸浓度均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),氨基转换量明显高于解冻前、解冻后0.5 h、4 h、6 h,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:人早期胚胎在解冻后约0.5h就已开始恢复代谢状态,已开始进行氨基酸代谢,且氨基酸代谢水平与冷冻前基本相同。