含镉量子点的毒性研究进展

含镉量子点是典型的量子点,近年来受到广泛研究。含镉量子点的潜在毒性是其在生物成像及生物医药方面应用和发展的关键制约因素,因此,对其毒性作用的研究具有重要意义。目前对含镉量子点的体外毒性研究主要集中在人肝癌细胞(HepG2)、神经分泌细胞(PC12)等细胞实验及斑马鱼胚胎体外培养实验。体内毒性研究包括小鼠等动物实验。这些研究证实,量子点对HepG2等细胞系和小鼠、贻贝等动物均具细胞毒性。研究者们普遍认为,量子点是通过释放其组成中的重金属,诱导生物体产生活性氧自由基,进而引发细胞凋亡或自噬,但对量子点的具体毒性作用机制并不完全清楚。该文对含镉量子点的体内和体外毒性研究工作进展进行了综述,包括含镉量子点对肝肾细胞、神经细胞、血液细胞及免疫细胞等体外毒性研究工作,对陆生及水生动物等的体内毒性研究工作,旨在更好、更全面地评估含镉量子点的毒性,为今后对量子点的毒性作用机制研究提供方向,促进含镉量子点在生物医学方面的发展和应用。     

内蒙科右前旗绵羊胰阔盘吸虫病流行学调查与实验研究

内蒙东部有一些旗县是牛羊胰阔盘吸虫[Eurytrema pancreaticum(Janson,1889)Looss,1907]流行区。为了要了解科右前旗本吸虫病流行情况,我们于1980—1982年中二个夏天在那里进行了流行病学调查。此外,还应用南方的腔阔盘吸虫[E.coelomaticum(Giard et Billet,1892)Looss,1907]幼虫期在内蒙进行昆虫宿主及牛、绵羊、家兔、豚鼠等实验动物的感染试验。现将调查及试验结果简述于后。     

蠕虫及其衍生物对过敏性疾病的抑制作用

蠕虫感染极为普遍,全球大约有1／4人口感染,世界各地均有分布,尤其是热带农村地区的流行率最高。蠕虫病主要表现为：嗜酸性粒细胞增多,血清抗体水平增高,速发型皮肤过敏反应等。但随着蠕虫与宿主长期协同演化,二者之间不再是一味的损伤,近些年来大量流行病学调查和动物实验研究显示：部分蠕虫及其衍生物能够抑制过敏性疾病的发生发展。本文就其免疫机制及几种蠕虫在过敏性疾病中作用的研究进行综述。     

蠕虫及其衍生物对过敏性疾病的抑制作用

蠕虫感染极为普遍,全球大约有1/4人口感染,世界各地均有分布,尤其是热带农村地区的流行率最高。蠕虫病主要表现为:嗜酸性粒细胞增多,血清抗体水平增高,速发型皮肤过敏反应等。但随着蠕虫与宿主长期协同演化,二者之间不再是一味的损伤,近些年来大量流行病学调查和动物实验研究显示:部分蠕虫及其衍生物能够抑制过敏性疾病的发生发展。本文就其免疫机制及几种蠕虫在过敏性疾病中作用的研究进行综述。     

植物雌激素与乳腺癌发病发展的研究进展

总结植物雌激素(phytoestrogen,PE)在乳腺癌发病、发展过程中的研究进展。应用Medline、Embase、CNKI及VIP数据库检索"植物雌激素、乳腺癌"相关基础临床试验流行病学调查。PE作为非甾体结构的雌激素类似物,能够与雌激素受体结合产生作用。目前研究主要集中于PE通过雌激素受体对乳腺癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、自噬、周期的影响和信号传导通路的研究,体外实验PE有抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖、促进凋亡、自噬的作用,但是对转移的作用不明确,可通过PI3K/AKT和ROS/p38MAPK途径诱导凋亡,PE与ER结合或调整ERα/ERβ达到抑制乳腺癌细胞的作用,流行病学调查未发现PE对人体有害,鲜有临床报道。因此,本文对PE对乳腺癌的研究进展进行总结分析,旨在为乳腺肿瘤患者治疗提供新方向。植物雌激素有希望成为乳腺肿瘤患者治疗的新方向。     

从轻型出血热疫区的褐家鼠分离到与流行性出血热有关的病原因子

从轻型出血热疫区的褐家鼠肺组织,用非疫区黑线姬鼠和E-6细胞同时分离到与EIIF相关的轻型出血热的病原因子,进一步证实褐家鼠为轻型出血热病原的一种重要宿主动物。并证明E-6细胞可用来直接从轻型出血热原始标本分离病毒,为该病病原学诊断、流行病学调查提供了一个简便而又比较安全的试验手段。     

成人腹泻轮状病毒的血清流行病学

本文用对流电泳技术进行成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV)血清流行病学调查,发现我国大陆、香港及澳大利亚正常人群中,抗ADRV抗体阳性率都在20％以下,而发生过腹泻流行的地区,阳性率高达40％以上。在动物中,抗体反应谱广泛(猪、鸡、鸭、家鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、小鼠)。以猪(36.13％)和家鼠(46.66％)为最高,讨论了成人腹泻轮状病毒动物来源的可能性。     

新物种诱导多能干细胞的研究进展

胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cells,ESC）在人类遗传病学研究、疾病模型建立、器官再生以及动物物种改良和定向变异等方面的地位是其他类型的细胞不可取代的。但是,由于实验技术和体外培养条件的限制,除了小鼠、恒河猴和人之外,大鼠、猪、牛、羊等其他哺乳动物的ES细胞系被证明很难获得。先后有多个研究小组报道了他们利用新兴的诱导多能干细胞（induced pluripotent stem cells,iPS细胞）技术成功建立大鼠和猪的iPS细胞系的研究成果。迄今为止,这两个物种是在未成功建立ES细胞系之前利用iPS技术建立多能干细胞系的成功范例。这些研究对于那些还未建立ES细胞的物种建立多能干细胞系提供了一种新的方案,也将给这些物种的胚胎干细胞的建立、基因修饰动物的产生以及人类医疗事业的促进和发展带来新的希望。     

梨形四膜虫毒性试验方法

梨形四膜虫~*(Tetrahymena pyriformis)是广泛分布在中污性水体中,较容易采集到的一种单细胞动物。是能够成功地人工无菌培养为单株的一个种。由于它繁殖快,用于细胞毒性试验,可以缩短实验研究的周期,是一种廉价的、比较理想的实验动物。 本文介绍汞、镉、铅、锌及锰五种重金属离子对梨形四膜虫的毒性作用的研究,采用了半     

合浦珠母贝珍珠的生物学性能初步检测

本研究报道了合浦珠母贝珍珠的生物学性能初步检测结果。珍珠作为—种天然的生物材料。在医药、化妆品工业等领域中的应用已很广泛。本研究对合浦珠母贝珍珠进行了体外细胞毒性试验、溶血试验和经静脉全身急性毒性试验的研究。实验结果表明,合浦珠母贝珍珠具有较好的细胞相容性,其浸提液对实验动物无明显毒性。在本研究中,合浦珠母贝珍珠的浸提液对兔血红细胞的溶血指数高于对照组。     

Synthesis of new ultrasonic-assisted palladium oxide nanoparticles: an in vitro evaluation on cytotoxicity and DNA/BSA binding properties

Abstract

Better solubility and improved toxicity of palladium complexes compared with cisplatin were major reasons for synthesis of novel Pd(II) complex, [Pd(8Q)(bpy)]NO₃ (8Q=8-hydroxyquinolinate, bpy=2,2′-bipyridine). Interaction between the [Pd(8Q)(bpy)]NO₃ complex and calf thymus DNA in aqueous solution has been investigated by circular dichroism (CD), UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. These experiments showed that prepared Pd(II) complex can effectively intercalate into CT-DNA and weakly bind to BSA in which the bovine serum albumin molecule was unfolded slightly. The cytotoxicity of the prepared complex has been evaluated on the MCF-7 and DU145 cell lines by MTT and TUNEL assay. The MTT results were showed that in DU145, the CC₅₀ values of [Pd(8Q)(bpy)]NO₃ and cisplatin are very close together (10.4 and 8.3?μM, respectively), unlike MCF-7. Accordingly, TUNEL assay was performed on DU145 and apoptosis was clearly obvious by 43% DNA fragmentation in the treated cell lines. So, we can suggest the [Pd(8Q)(bpy)]NO₃ as alternative drug for cisplatin in the future which has great potential in DNA denaturation and apoptosis specially on prostate cancer. PdO nanoparticles were successfully prepared without supported any surfactants via sonochemical approach. The synthesized PdONPs were characterized using UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma     

AaHIV a sodium channel scorpion toxin inhibits the proliferation of DU145 prostate cancer cells

Prostate cancer is the most highly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. It is characterized by high proliferation, great invasion and metastatic potential. Sodium channel subtypes have been identified as highly expressed in different prostate cancer cell lines. In this study, we have screened the negatively charged fractions of Androctonus australis (Aa) scorpion venom to identify active peptides on DU145 prostate cancer cells proliferation. The most active compound was identified to be the sodium channel peptide AaHIV with an IC₅₀ value of 15 μM. At this concentration, AaHIV had low effect on the adhesion of DU145 cells to fibronectin. When compared to other Na⁺ channel Aa toxins, AaHIV was found to be 2 times more active than AaHI and AaHII on DU145 cells proliferation and slightly less active than AaHII on their adhesion. The three peptides are inactive on DU145 cells migration. AaHIV was found to be 16 times more active than veratridine, asteroidal alkaloid from plants of the lily family widely used as a sodium channel activator. Electrophysiological experiments showed that the AaHIV toxin activates Nav1.6 channel, suggesting that this sodium channel subtype is implicated in the proliferation of DU145 prostate cancer cells.     

哺乳动物PUF家族蛋白PUMILIO1的伴侣蛋白研究

目的:探索NIH3T3和DU145细胞中PUM1蛋白的伴侣蛋白。方法:收集NIH3T3和DU145细胞进行免疫沉淀实验,实验组和对照组分别使用抗PUM1抗体和抗Goat-Ig G抗体。通过银染实验观察实验组与对照组是否有差异性条带,通过质谱鉴定和Mascot软件对差异性条带所包含的蛋白进行分析,鉴定PUM1蛋白在细胞中发挥作用时的可能互动蛋白。结果:在NIH3T3和DU145细胞银染实验中,实验组凝胶泳道均在约37 KD处出现差异性条带。对NIH3T3细胞中差异性条带进行质谱分析,通过Mascot软件肽质量指纹谱搜索,将有真实差异的蛋白评分最低阈值设为65,P0.05,结果显示肽段评分最高的蛋白为NDFIP2蛋白。与NCBInr数据库比对,检测到针对NDFIP2的肽段的覆盖率为40%。结论:NDFIP2与哺乳动物PUM1蛋白在细胞内关联,可能是PUF家族蛋白的伴侣蛋白。     

前列腺癌细胞系中环状RNA circRNA-1565的表达及鉴定

目的:探讨前列腺癌细胞系中的环状RNA circRNA-1565的表达及鉴定。方法:培养前列腺正常上皮细胞(RWPE-1)、4种前列腺癌细胞(22RV1、LNCap、PC-3、DU145),提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR检测不同细胞系中circRNA-1565的表达,并对其进行成环性验证及细胞内亚定位实验,进行差异比较。结果:circRNA-1565在正常前列腺细胞系(RWPE-1)中表达量极低,在转移性前列腺癌细胞系中高表达,在非转移性前列腺癌细胞系中低表达。且circRNA-1565是一条主要定位于细胞质内的具有有效环状结构的RNA分子。结论:circRNA-1565在不同前列腺癌细胞系中存在差异表达,可能会通过mi RNA sponge途径发挥生物学作用。     

口腔种植的新型钛材料生物安全性研究

目的:在动物体内进行新型钛材料的生物安全性研究。方法:采用TAI纯钛板材(Ti≥99.9%,宝鸡英耐特有色金属有限公司),通过对钛材料的喷砂、酸蚀、碱热等处理后,构建微纳双级骨仿生结构。对处理材料进行扫描电镜观察后,再经过兔皮下实验、小鼠急性溶血性实验确定此种材料的体内安全性。结果:1.扫描电镜结果显示:经过喷砂酸蚀碱热处理后的实验组具有微纳复合结构,与骨组织表面形态更为接近,从仿生学出发,更利于骨组织愈合与抑制骨组织周围炎的发生。2.皮下植入实验结果:经过喷砂酸蚀碱热处理后的实验组与只经过喷砂酸蚀的对照组对生物组织无明显刺激,未见明显的周围组织炎。3.急性毒性实验:未见经过喷砂酸蚀碱热处理后的实验组与只经过喷砂酸蚀的对照组出现明显的生物学反应,未见明显体重下降。结论:新型表面处理钛材料在生物安全性的动物体外实验方面无异常,可以进行下一步实验。     

担子菌门总革菌科中国新记录种紫黑点壳菌

[背景] 在陕西省的毛泡桐腐木桩上观察和采集到一株绒毛状真菌子实体,编号为HMNWAFU-CF-HS002。[目的] 为了确定该菌的分类地位,对其进行形态观察及分子鉴定。[方法] 获取宏观彩色图像并对显微结构进行测量、统计和绘图。此外,用PDA培养基分离纯化该菌的培养物,并结合最大似然法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法进行rDNA ITS分子系统学研究。[结果] HMNWAFU-CF-HS002的形态特征与Punctularia atropurpurascens高度相似。系统发育分析将HMNWAFU-CF-HS002聚在P.atropurpurascens的单系分支中。[结论] 结合形态学特征与系统发育结果,HMNWAFU-CF-HS002被鉴定紫黑点壳菌（Punctularia atropurpurascens）,为中国的新记录种。此外,毛泡桐为其新记录寄主。至此,Punctularia属下的3个种,均在中国有分布记录。     

Cytotoxicity of synthesized 1,4-naphthoquinone analogues on selected human cancer cell lines

In an effort to establish new candidates with enhanced anticancer activity of 5-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone scaffold (7-methyljuglone) previously isolated from the root extract of Euclea natalensis, a series of 7-methyljuglone derivatives have been synthesized and assessed for cytotoxicity on selected human cancer lines. These compounds were screened in vitro for anticancer activity on MCF-7, HeLa, SNO and DU145 human cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Most of them exhibited significant toxicity on cancer cell lines with lower IC₅₀ values. The most potent derivative (19) exhibited the toxicity on HeLa and DU145 cell lines with IC₅₀ value of 5.3 and 6.8 μM followed by compound (5) with IC₅₀ value of 10.1 and 9.3 μM, respectively. Structure–activity relationship reveals that the fluoro substituents at position C-8 while hydroxyl substituents at C-2 and C-5 positions played an important role in toxicity.     

Beyond PM2.5: The role of ultrafine particles on adverse health effects of air pollution

BackgroundAir pollution constitutes the major threat to human health, whereas their adverse impacts and underlying mechanisms of different particular matters are not clearly defined.Scope of reviewUltrafine particles (UFPs) are high related to the anthropogenic emission sources, i.e. combustion engines and power plants. Their composition, source, typical characters, oxidative effects, potential exposure routes and health risks were thoroughly reviewed.Major conclusionsUFPs play a major role in adverse impacts on human health and require further investigations in future toxicological research of air pollution.General significanceUnlike PM_2.5, UFPs may have much more impacts on human health considering loads of evidences emerging from particulate matters and nanotoxicology research fields. The knowledge of nanotoxicology contributes to the understanding of toxicity mechanisms of airborne UFPs in air pollution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Air Pollution, edited by Wenjun Ding, Andrew J. Ghio and Weidong Wu.     

Myrtucommulone production by a strain of Neofusicoccum australe endophytic in myrtle (Myrtus communis)

Myrtucommulones are acylphloroglucinol compounds reported from myrtle (Myrtus communis) and a few more plant species belonging in the Myrtaceae that have recently attracted the attention of pharmacologists for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties. An endophytic strain of Neofusicoccum australe recovered from a myrtle branch was selected based on the bioactivity of its culture extracts, and found to produce myrtucommulones A and D. A mixture of these compounds induced anti-proliferative effects on the human prostatic cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3, with a IC₅₀ of respectively 4.64 and 3.11 mg/l. Along the lines of recent evidences of the ability by endophytic fungi to produce bioactive compounds originally extracted from their host plants, this is the first report of myrtucommulones as secondary metabolites of an endophytic fungal strain. The availability of a microbial strain to be cultured in vitro may provide access to more substantial amounts of these products for further investigations in view of their possible pharmaceutical use.     

KHC-4 inhibits β-catenin expression in prostate cancer cells

ABSTRACT

KHC-4 is a 2-phenyl-4-quinolone analogue that exhibits anticancer activity. Aberrant activation of β-catenin signaling contributes to prostate cancer development and progression. Therefore, targeting β-catenin expression could be a useful approach to treating prostate cancer. We found that KHC-4 can inhibit β-catenin expression and its signaling pathway in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Treatment with KHC-4 decreased total β-catenin expression and concomitantly decreased β-catenin levels in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells. KHC-4 treatment also inhibited β-catenin expression and that of its target proteins, PI3K, AKT, GSK3β and TBX3. We monitored the stability of β-catenin with the proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, in DU145 cells and found that MG132 reversed KHC-4-induced proteasomal β-catenin degradation. We verified CDK1/β-catenin expression in KHC-4 treated DU145 cells. We found that roscovitine treatment reversed cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and β-catenin expression caused by KHC-4 treatment. We suggest that KHC-4 inhibits β-catenin signaling in DU145 prostate cancer cells.