慢性肾小球肾炎患者血清HGF、Cys-C、TAFI水平变化及其临床诊断价值

目的:分析慢性肾小球肾炎患者血清肝细胞生长因子(HGF)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、凝血酶激活的纤溶抑制物(TAFI)水平的变化及其临床诊断价值。方法:选择我院2017年1月～2018年5月收治的71例慢性肾小球肾炎患者作为慢性肾小球肾炎组及同期于本院进行健康体检的83例作为健康对照组。检测进而比较两组血清HGF、Cys-C、TAFI水平,分析以上指标和患者肾功能的相关性及对慢性肾小球肾炎的诊断价值。结果:慢性肾小球肾炎组血清HGF、Cys-C、TAFI水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。慢性肾小球肾炎患者治疗后血清HGF、Cys-C、TAFI水平均显著低于治疗前(P0.05)。慢性肾小球肾炎患者血清HGF、Cys-C、TAFI水平和肾功能指标(肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA))均呈显著正相关(P均0.05)。血清HGF水平诊断慢性肾小球肾炎的曲线下面积为0.826,敏感度和特异度分别为0.747和0.746;血清Cys-C水平诊断慢性肾小球肾炎的曲线下面积为0.821,敏感度和特异度分别为0.687和0.859;血清TAFI水平诊断慢性肾小球肾炎的曲线下面积为0.816,敏感度和特异度分别为0.855和0.647;血清HGF、Cys-C、TAFI水平联合检测诊断慢性肾小球肾炎的曲线下面积为0.951,敏感度和特异度分别为0.831和0.757。结论:慢性肾小球肾炎患者血清HGF、Cys-C及TAFI水平均明显升高,联合检测血清HGF、Cys-C及TAFI可能作为慢性肾小球肾炎诊断及预评估参考指标。     

不同分期慢性肾脏病患者血清Klotho蛋白、FGF-23、RBP4、TWEAK水平与肾功能的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探究不同分期慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者血清Klotho蛋白、成纤维细胞生长因子-23(FGF-23)、视黄醇结合蛋白4(RBP4)、肿瘤坏死因子样弱凋亡诱导因子(TWEAK)水平与肾功能的相关性。方法：选择2018年2月至2020年2月我院诊治的80例CKD患者作为CKD组,选择同期在我院进行健康体检的80名健康者作为对照组。检测并比较对照组和CKD组以及不同CKD分期患者血清Klotho蛋白、FGF-23、RBP4、TWEAK水平及肾功能指标水平,采用Pearson相关性分析对血清Klotho蛋白、FGF-23、RBP4、TWEAK水平与肾功能指标的相关性进行分析。结果：与对照组相比,CKD组血清Klotho蛋白、TWEAK水平和肾小球滤过率（GFR）明显下降,而血清FGF-23、RBP4水平、血清肌酐、24尿蛋白定量和血清尿素氮水平明显升高（P<0.05）。Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者的血清Klotho蛋白、TWEAK水平和GFR最高,其次为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者,Ⅴ期患者最低（P<0.05）。而Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者血清FGF-23、RBP4水平、血清肌酐、24尿蛋白定量和血清尿素氮水平最低,其次为Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者,Ⅴ期患者最高（P<0.05）。Klotho蛋白和TWEAK水平与血清肌酐、24尿蛋白定量和血清尿素氮水平呈负相关,与GFR呈正相关（P<0.05）。FGF-23和RBP4水平与血清肌酐、24尿蛋白定量和血清尿素氮水平呈正相关,与GFR呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论：CKD患者中血清Klotho蛋白、TWEAK水平以及肾功能下降,FGF-23、RBP4水平明显升高,且血清Klotho蛋白、TWEAK、FGF-23、RBP4水平与肾功能及CKD分期相关。     

慢性肾小球肾炎患者治疗前后血清CRP和VEGF浓度变化及临床意义

目的:研究慢性肾小球肾炎(CNG)中血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的浓度变化及其临床意义。方法:采用ELISA法测定35例正常对照组与41例慢性肾小球肾炎患者治疗前后血清IL-6和VEGF的浓度,同时放射免疫分析法测定血清TNF-α浓度,免疫比浊法测定血清CRP与尿Alb浓度。结果:①治疗前后CNG患者血清中IL-6、TNF-α和CRP较正常对照组均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),但治疗后IL-6、TNF-α和CRP水平显著低于治疗前(P<0.01),且血清CRP与IL-6和TNF-α呈正相关(P<0.01)。②治疗后,CNG患者血清VEGF水平与尿Alb含量较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),仍显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),且血清VEGF与尿Alb水平呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:CRP、IL-6和TNF-α参与了CNG患者慢性炎症反应,VEGF则与蛋白尿的产生密切相关,治疗前后血清CRP和VEGF检测对于慢性肾小球肾炎的病情了解及临床疗效评估均具有重要的临床价值。     

糖尿病肾病患者CD147的表达和意义

摘要 目的：研究CD147在2型糖尿病肾病不同分期的表达,分析CD147与疾病进展的关系和意义。方法：选择2017年1月至2017年12月于陕西省人民医院肾病内科和内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者为研究组,根据糖尿病肾病的诊断标准分为微量白蛋白尿组（A组）,大量白蛋白尿组（B组）,肾功能损害组（C组）,以及糖尿病正常白蛋白尿为对照组（D组）,收集受试者的临床资料,采用ELISA方法检测各组研究对象的血清及尿液CD147、血清转化生长因子(transforming growth factor beta,TGF-β1)并进行对比分析。结果：A组、B组、C组的血清CD147,尿CD147逐渐升高,C组与A组、B、D组相比,有统计学显著性差异（P<0.05）,B组与A组及D组相比,有统计学显著性差异（P<0.05）。C组血TGFβ1与A组、B组、D组相比,有统计学显著性差异（P<0.05）。糖尿病肾病患者血清CD147与尿CD147呈正相关关系,相关系数r为0.618（P<0.01）,糖尿病肾病患者血清CD147与UACR呈正相关关系,相关系数r为0.503(P<0.01),与eGFR呈负相关关系,相关系数r为-0.557(P<0.05)。尿CD147水平与UACR呈正相关关系,相关系数r为0.425（P<0.01）与eGFR呈负相关关系,相关系数r为-0.312(P<0.05)。血TGFβ1水平与eGFR呈负相关关系,相关系数r为-0.22(P<0.05)。结论：CD147与糖尿病肾病进展有关,并对糖尿病肾病间质纤维化诊断具有一定的早期诊断价值。     

慢性肾小球肾炎患者治疗前后血清CRP和VEGF浓度变化及临床意义

目的：研究慢性肾小球肾炎（CNG）中血清C反应蛋白（CRP）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的浓度变化及其临床意义。方法：采用ELISA法测定35例正常对照组与41例慢性肾小球肾炎患者治疗前后血清IL-6和VEGF的浓度,同时放射免疫分析法测定血清TNF-α浓度,免疫比浊法测定血清CRP与尿Alb浓度。结果：①治疗前后CNG患者血清中IL-6、TNF-α和CRP较正常对照组均显著升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,但治疗后IL-6、TNF-α和CRP水平显著低于治疗前（P〈0.01）,且血清CRP与IL-6和TNF-α呈正相关（P〈0.01）。②治疗后,CNG患者血清VEGF水平与尿Alb含量较治疗前明显降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,仍显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,且血清VEGF与尿Alb水平呈正相关（P〈0.01）。结论：CRP、IL-6和TNF-α参与了CNG患者慢性炎症反应,VEGF则与蛋白尿的产生密切相关,治疗前后血清CRP和VEGF检测对于慢性肾小球肾炎的病情了解及临床疗效评估均具有重要的临床价值。     

肾小球疾病儿童体内游离氨基酸含量的研究

为了研究小儿肾小球病变时体内游离氨基酸的代谢变化,采用丹酰氯聚酰胺薄层分析法研究了原发性肾病综合症（ＩＮＳ）８例、急性肾小球肾炎（ＡＧＮ）１２例、过敏性紫癜肾炎（ＡＰＮ）７例与正常对照组２９例的血清及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明：（１）此三种肾小球疾病,血清中苯丙氨酸（Ｐｈｅ）、脯氨酸（Ｐｒｏ）、色氨酸（Ｔａｐ）、赖氨酸（Ｌｙｓ）、甘氨酸（Ｇｌｙ）明显高于正常,导致酪／苯丙（Ｔｙｒ／Ｐｈｅ）、缬／甘（Ｖａｌ／Ｇｌｙ）等分子比降低,提示肾功能受损。（２）血清支链氨基酸（ＢＣＡＡ）的含量在ＩＮＳ中低于正常组（ｔ＝３．４８;Ｐ＜０．０１）,而在ＡＧＮ、ＡＰＮ中却高于正常组（ｔ分别为２．３３,２．３９,Ｐ＜０．０５）。（３）红细胞中丝氨酸（Ｓｒｅ）、苯丙氨酸（Ｐｈｅ）、色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）、胱氨酸＋半胱氨酸（Ｃｙｓ）、天冬氨酸（Ａｓｐ）、谷氨酸（Ｇｌｕ）的含量ＡＰＮ组高于ＩＮＳ及ＡＧＮ,提示ＡＰＮ患儿中肾功能损害没有ＩＮＳ及ＡＧＮ严重。     

肾小球肾炎血清BUN、RBP的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨肾小球肾炎血清中尿素氮（BUN）、视黄醇结合蛋白（RBP）的表达及意义。方法：选择2018年1月至2021年1月大华医院和我院接诊的75例肾小球肾炎患者为本研究对象,设为试验组,另选择同期在我院体检的55例作为对照组,分析血清BUN、RBP水平变化情况,及其诊断价值。结果：试验组患者血清BUN、RBP水平（15.52±1.51 mmol/L、97.87±21.28 mg/L）显著高于对照组（5.07±0.97 mmol/L、42.17±10.25 mg/L）,差异显著（P＜0.05）;重度肾小球肾炎患者血清BUN、RBP水平（19.01±1.20 mmol/L、118.83±21.24 mg/L）均显著高于轻度（11.56±1.07 mmol/L、71.24±19.87 mg/L）、中度肾小球肾炎患者（14.89±1.12 mmol/L、95.75±22.13 mg/L）,差异显著（P＜0.05）;中度肾小球肾炎患者血清 BUN、RBP水平（14.89±1.12 mmol/L、95.75±22.13 mg/L）均显著高于轻度肾小球肾炎患者（11.56±1.07 mmol/L、71.24±19.87 mg/L）,差异显著（P＜0.05）;BUN诊断肾小球肾炎的AUC为0.866,95%CI为0.807~0.926,截断值为8.45 mmol/L;RBP诊断肾小球肾炎的AUC为0.957,95%CI为0.927~0.987,截断值为57.29 mg/L;联合检测诊断肾小球肾炎的AUC为0.991,95%CI为0.980~1.000,单独检测分别和联合检测曲线下面积比较均具有显著差异（Z=4.11、2.150,P＜0.05）;联合检测的特异度、准确度分别为93.41%、94.15%。结论：在肾小球肾炎患者中血清BUN、RBP的表达和病情严重程度之间存在着密切关系,可作为诊断肾小球肾炎的重要指标。     

黄葵胶囊联合阿魏酸哌嗪片对慢性肾小球肾炎患者肾功能、氧化应激和血清MMP-9、TIMP-1的影响

摘要 目的：观察黄葵胶囊联合阿魏酸哌嗪片治疗慢性肾小球肾炎患者的应用价值。方法：选择2019年4月~2021年1月期间我院收治的慢性肾小球肾炎患者131例,以双色球随机分组法将患者分为对照组65例（阿魏酸哌嗪片治疗）、实验组66例（黄葵胶囊联合阿魏酸哌嗪片治疗）。对比两组疗效、肾功能[血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）、24 h 尿蛋白定量（24 h-Upr）]、氧化应激[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）]和血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1（TIMP-1）水平,记录两组不良反应发生率。结果：与对照组比较,实验组的临床总有效率明显更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,实验组治疗3个月后Scr、BUN、24 h-Upr更低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,实验组治疗3个月后TIMP-1更低,MMP-9更高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,实验组治疗3个月后MDA更低,SOD更高（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：黄葵胶囊联合阿魏酸哌嗪片治疗慢性肾小球肾炎,可减轻机体氧化应激,调节血清MMP-9、TIMP-1水平,促进肾功能改善,安全可靠。     

可溶性细胞间粘附分子在慢性肾脏病中的变化

目的:研究慢性肾病(CKD)患者血清可溶性细胞粘附分子-1(soluble intercellular adhesionmolecule-1,sICAM)的变化与临床意义。方法:用双抗体夹心ELISA方法,对52例CKD患者及20例健康对照人群的sICAM-1水平进行检测分析。52例CKD患者中,其中27例为CRF血液透析患者;25例肾功能正常CKD患者。结果:CKD组患者sICAM-1水平明显高于对照组(105.42±61.95)(P<0.01);肾功能正常CKD组和CKD-CRF组sICAM-1水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);CRF组sICAM-1水平明显低于肾功能正常CKD组(P<0.01);但高于对照组(84.80±19.61/164.08±70.66/54.61±5.48)(P<0.01)。结论:sICAM-1水平在慢性肾脏病中明显升高,CRF组病人sICAM-1水平低于CKD肾功能正常患者,提示透析过程中可能有sICAM溢出,吸附并丢失入透析液中(1),或可能是肾纤维化为主的病变使sICAM-1表达下降。     

IgA肾病合并高尿酸血症的临床分析

目的：探讨血清尿酸对IgA肾病临床,病理及预后的影响,为临床治疗和预后评估提供依据。方法：分析我院2011年1月-2012年1月149例经肾穿活检确诊为原发性IgA肾病患者的临床和病理资料。采用t检验和X2检验进行统计学处理。结果：（1）伴高尿酸血症IgA肾病的发病率为30.2%,男性偏多,男女发病率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。（2）女性高尿酸血症组BUN、Cys-C、Scr水平显著高于尿酸正常组（P〈0.05）,男性两组间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,而血清UA水平无论男女高尿酸血症组均显著高于尿酸正常组（P〈0.05）;尿酸正常组血清BUN、UA、Cys-C、Scr水平男性显著高于女性（P〈0.05）,高尿酸血症组血清UA水平男性显著高于女性（P〈0.05）;血清IgA、C3、IgA/C3比值无论男女,高尿酸血症组与尿酸正常组均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。（3）高尿酸血症组病理改变以Ⅳ-Ⅴ多见（57.8%）,而正常尿酸组则以Ⅰ-Ⅱ为主（46.2%）,血尿酸正常组与高尿酸血症组Lee＇s分级构成比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：伴有高尿酸血症的IgA肾病患者男性血尿酸水平高于女性,但血尿酸水平升高对女性肾功能影响更大;高尿酸血症对血清IgA,C3水平的变化影响不大;伴高尿酸血症IgA肾病病理改变程度较尿酸正常组更加严重。     

Serum amino acid profiles and their alterations in colorectal cancer

Mass spectrometry-based serum metabolic profiling is a promising tool to analyse complex cancer associated metabolic alterations, which may broaden our pathophysiological understanding of the disease and may function as a source of new cancer-associated biomarkers. Highly standardized serum samples of patients suffering from colon cancer (n?=?59) and controls (n?=?58) were collected at the University Hospital Leipzig. We based our investigations on amino acid screening profiles using electrospray tandem-mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiles were evaluated using the Analyst 1.4.2 software. General, comparative and equivalence statistics were performed by R 2.12.2. 11 out of 26 serum amino acid concentrations were significantly different between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls. We found a model including CEA, glycine, and tyrosine as best discriminating and superior to CEA alone with an AUROC of 0.878 (95% CI 0.815-0.941). Our serum metabolic profiling in colon cancer revealed multiple significant disease-associated alterations in the amino acid profile with promising diagnostic power. Further large-scale studies are necessary to elucidate the potential of our model also to discriminate between cancer and potential differential diagnoses. In conclusion, serum glycine and tyrosine in combination with CEA are superior to CEA for the discrimination between colorectal cancer patients and controls.     

Essential Amino Acids in the Gluten-Free Diet and Serum in Relation to Depression in Patients with Celiac Disease

IntroductionCeliac disease (CD) is associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder, possibly due to deficiencies in micronutrients in the gluten-free diet. We aimed to investigate whether essential amino acids (i.e., the precursors of serotonin, dopamine and other neurotransmitters) are depleted in the diet and serum of CD patients with major depressive disorder.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study we assessed dietary intake of amino acids and serum levels of amino acids, in 77 CD patients on a gluten-free diet and in 33 healthy controls. Major depressive disorder was assessed with structured interviews (using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus). Dietary intake was assessed using a 203-item food frequency questionnaire.ResultsParticipants had a mean age of 55 years and 74% were women. The intake of vegetable protein was significantly lower in CD patients than in healthy controls (mean difference of 7.8 g/d; 95% CI: 4.7–10.8), as were serum concentrations of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan (all p < 0.005). However, within the CD patient group, the presence of major depressive disorder (n = 42) was not associated with intake or serum levels of essential amino acids.ConclusionsPatients with CD on a long-term gluten-free diet, with good adherence, consume significantly less vegetable protein than controls, and their serum levels of several essential amino acids were also lower. Despite its potential adverse effect, intake and serum levels of essential amino acids were not related to major depression.     

Evaluation of amino acid profile in serum of patients with Covid-19 for providing a new treatment strategy

BackgroundAmino acids have an important role in metabolism and may affect COVID-19-related outcomes. In our study, the amino acid serum level of hospitalized COVID19 patients was evaluated to determine a new treatment strategy.MethodsThe amino acid profile covering 43 amino acids in 68 subjects, comprising 30 (14 men and 16 women) controls and 38 (16 men and 22 women) COVID-19 patients, were examined. The amino acid profiles of the participants were screened by LC-MS/MS.ResultsCompared with the control group, serum levels of 27 amino acids increased in the patient group. Alpha-aminopimelic acid, sarcosine, and hydroxyproline amino acids were considerably higher in the control group than in the patient group (p<0.0001). There was no notable difference among control group and the case group for 13 amino acids (p≥0.05). A significant positive correlation was seen among the control and the patient groups in the mean amino acid values (r=0.937; p<0.0001).ConclusionsThese results postulated a clear picture on the serum levels of amino acid in the COVID-19 patients. Serum amino acids measured in hospitalized COVID-19 patients can explain the patient''s metabolic status during the disease.     

Serum amino acid profiles and dopamine in schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects: Window to the brain?

Summary Altered dopamine turnover has been postulated as underlying cause for schizophrenia. This is partially inferred from pharmacological studies and from changes in serum dopamine and dopamine metabolite levels. It is not clear whether the serum amino acid precursors' availability and neurotransmitter-mediated hormonal release could be indicative of the neurotransmitter turnover. We speculate in this context that the profile of serum amino acids and neurotransmitters reflects differences of neurotransmitter activity in the central nervous system and may be considered in a broad sense window to the brain.We analyzed basal serum amino acids (including monoamine precursors), and monoamines in schizophrenic patients after a drug holiday of 3 or more days, and in healthy subjects.Asparagine, phenylalanine, and cystine were higher and tyrosine, tryptophan, and the ratio of tryptophan to competing amino acids lower in schizophrenic patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Dopamine was increased in schizophrenic patients compared to healthy subjects.We speculate that these results sustain the notion for dopamine overactivity in schizophrenia, which might be caused by altered amino acid precursor availability.Presented at the 2nd International Congress on Amino Acids and Analogues, Vienna, Austria August 5–9, 1991     

Comparative Study of New Biomarkers in Iraqi DM2 with and without Complications

Background:Recent research indicates that persistent inflammatory responses may contribute to the rise of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic cardiovascular disease (DCVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (DM2). Numerous molecules associated with inflammation and angiogenesis have been implicated in the development and progression of DN and DCVD, respectively.Methods:The subjects were separated into five groups: healthy controls (n= 25), type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n= 30), type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy DN (n= 30), and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cardiovascular disease DCVD (n= 30). The blood levels of irisin, IL-8, HbA1C, urea, and creatinine were determined.Results:In current study there was high significant increased irisin levels (p< 0.001) in DN patients than other groups and a high significant decreased IL-8 level in DCVD.DiscussionSerum IL-8 and irisin levels may serve as early indicators of DM2 problems (DN, DCVD).Key Words: DM2, DN, DCVD, HbA1C, IL-8, Irisin     

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is also associated with T2DM. However, little is known about the interaction between these conditions in patients with T2DM.

Objective

To examine the association between NAFLD and DN in patients with T2DM.

Methods

This retrospective study included patients seen between January 2006 and July 2014.T2DM patients were divided into two groups based on NAFLD status (with NAFLD = group A; without = group B). The cumulative incidence of DN and chronic kidney disease (CKD) staging were compared between the two groups. Liver fat content was examined in some patients. Associations among NAFLD, other factors,and DN were analyzed by the additive interaction method.

Results

Cumulative incidence of DN in patients from group A (58.58%) was higher than in group B (37.22%) (P = 0.005). In both groups, the number of DN patients with CKD stage 1 was greater than the number of patients with stages 2–5. Increased liver fat content was associated with increased occurrence of severe and mild albuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There were positive correlations between NAFLD and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), omentin-1, visceral fat area, homocysteine (HCY), and serum uric acid (UA).

Conclusion

NAFLD might be a risk factor for DN. Elevated liver fat content could be associated with higher DN burden.     

Serum CXCL16 as a Novel Marker of Renal Injury in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background

Soluble C-X-C chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16), a scavenger receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein, has been shown to promote atherogenic effects in vivo and to predict long-term mortality in acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this study was to explore the association of circulating CXCL16 levels with diabetic subjects with and without renal disease.

Methodology/Principal Findings

One hundred twenty Chinese subjects, which included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and CKD, as well as healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. Serum CXCL16 levels were examined by immunoassay and other clinical biochemical parameters were tested based on standard methods. Our results indicated that, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels are significantly different in DN but not in T2D patients in comparison with healthy subjects. On the other hand, Serum CXCL16 levels were significantly increased in DN subjects compared with age and gender matched healthy and T2DM subjects (p<0.05 respectively). However, no significant changes in serum CXCL16 levels were found between T2DM and healthy subjects. Furthermore, serum CXCL16 concentration negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtrate rate, creatinine clearance rate and blood albumin, and positively with 24 h proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and uric acid after adjusting for age, gender and BMI in subjects with DN. Multiple stepwise regression analyses indicated that serum CXCL16 levels were independently associated with serum 24 h proteinuria, and BUN (p<0.05 respectively).

Conclusion

Serum CXCL16 may be an indicator of renal injury in subjects with T2DM. Understanding the exact mechanism of elevated CXCL16 in subjects with DN requires further study.     

Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome

(1)H NMR spectroscopy of aqueous fecal extracts has been used to investigate differences in metabolic activity of gut microbiota in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 13), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (n = 10), and healthy controls (C) (n = 22). Up to four samples per individual were collected over 2 years giving a total of 124 samples. Multivariate discriminant analysis, based on NMR data from all three groups, was able to predict UC and C group membership with good sensitivity and specificity; classification of IBS samples was less successful and could not be used for diagnosis. Trends were detected toward increased taurine and cadaverine levels in UC with increased bile acid and decreased branched chain fatty acids in IBS relative to controls; changes in short chain fatty acids and amino acids were not significant. Previous PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis of the same fecal material had shown alterations of the gut microbiota when comparing UC and IBS groups with controls. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that DGGE profiles from the same individual were stable over time, but NMR spectra were more variable; canonical correlation analysis of NMR and DGGE data partly separated the three groups and revealed a correlation between the gut microbiota profile and metabolite composition.     

糖尿病肾病患者血浆NGAL和血清CysC水平改变及其早期诊断价值

目的:研究糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血浆中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)和血清胱抑素C(CysC)水平变化,分析其对DN的早期诊断价值。方法:选取160例糖尿病(DM)患者按尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为DN前期组58例(A组),DN早期组52例(B组)及DN临床组50例(C组),同期选择健康体检者61例为对照组(D组)。比较四组受试者血中NGAL、CysC、尿素氮(BUN)和血肌酐(CREA),及尿中微量清蛋白(UMA)水平的差异,分析血NGAL、CysC与UMA之间的相关关系。结果:(1)A、B、C组受试者NGAL、CysC及UMA水平显著高于D组,且CBA,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);C组BUN和CREA水平均明显高于A、B、D三组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而A、B组较D组均无统计学差异(P0.05)。(2)血NGAL、CysC与尿UMA均存在正相关关系(r=0.59,0.64;P均0.05)。结论:DN早期患者血浆NGAL与血清CysC水平显著升高,且二者均与尿UMA水平存在正相关关系,可作为评价肾脏损害程度及DN早期诊断的较敏感的生物学标志物,临床推荐应用。