单硝酸异山梨酯注射液联合疏血通注射液治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛的临床观察

目的:观察单硝酸异山梨酯注射液联合疏血通注射液治疗冠心痛不稳定型心绞痛(UA)的临床疗效.方法:将60例患者随机分为2组各30例,在常规治疗的基础上,治疗组给予单硝酸异山梨酯注射液联合疏血通注射液治疗,对照组给予单硝酸异山梨酯注射液治疗,疗程均为2周.观察心绞痛疗效及发作次数、持续时间的变化以及硝酸甘油用量情况,并检测治疗前后血液流变学变化情况.结果:治疗组总有效率为90.0%.对照组为80.0%,2组比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).治疗后2组心绞痛发作次数、心绞痛持续时间以及硝酸甘油用量均有改善,与治疗前比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05);治疗后2组比较,差异亦有显著性意义(P＜0.05).治疗后2组血液流变学指标均明显改善,与治疗前比较,差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05);治疗后2组间比较,差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论:单硝酸异山梨酯注射液联合疏血通注射液治疗冠心病UA有较好的临床疗效.     

硝酸异山梨酯片联合美托洛尔治疗老年冠心病心绞痛的疗效及对IL-18及hs-CRP水平的影响．

目的：观察硝酸异山梨酯片联合美托洛尔治疗老年冠心病心绞痛的临床效果,观察联合用药对患者血浆白介素．18（Inter．1eukin,IL-18）、超敏C反应蛋白（HighsensitivityCreactiveprotein,hs—CRP）的影响。方法：选择本院收治的老年冠心病心绞痛患者84例,随机分为研究组和对照组,各42例,研究组给予硝酸异山梨酯片20mg,3次／d,口服,美托洛尔12．5mg,1次／d,口服;对照组仅给予硝酸异山梨酯片20mg,3次／d,口服,疗程均为28d。观察两组用药后心绞痛改善情况,并观察两组治疗前后血清IL-8、hs-CRP变化。结果：治疗后,研究组总有效率为90．5％;对照组总有效率为69．0％,研究组总有效率明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。治疗后两组心率、心绞痛发作频率明显降低,持续时间明显缩短（P〈0．05）;研究组心率、心绞痛发作频率明显低于对照组,持续时间也较对照组短（P〈0．05）。治疗前两组血浆IL-18、hs-CRP水平比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;治疗后研究组IL．18、hs．CRP水平明显低于对照组（P〈O．05）。结论：硝酸异山梨酯片联合美托洛尔治疗老年冠心病心绞痛能够进一步减轻患者IL．18、hs．CRP水平,对心绞痛治疗效果较单独应用酸异山梨酯片更佳。     

丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠对冠心病心绞痛及血液流变学疗效观察

目的:观察丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠对冠心病心肌缺血的有效性及血液流变学的影响。方法:将50例冠心病患者随机分为治疗组(26例)与对照组(24例)。对照组常规应用硝酸异山梨酯与阿司匹林等。前者在常规治疗基础上加用丹参酮ⅡA碘酸纳注射液60mg(1次/天)。每例于治疗开始前与结束后,进行血液流变学与心电图(ECG)检测。结果:两组心肌缺血症状治疗前后均有改善。与对照组相比,治疗组的效果更为显著(P均＜0．05)。治疗组血液流变学指标:低切变率下全血黏度、高切变率下全血黏度、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、血浆D-二聚体(DD)均显著下降(P＜0．05)。其改善血液流变学指标的疗效优于对照组(P＜0．05)。结论:丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠可改善血液流变性作用,是治疗冠心病心肌缺血的一种有效的药物。     

前列地尔联合参芪扶正注射液对IgA肾病的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨前列地尔联合参芪扶正注射液治疗Ig A肾病的临床疗效。方法:选取2011年3月~2015年7月于我院就诊的Ig A肾病患者60例,按照随机数字表法将所有患者分为2组,每组各30例。对照组患者给予前列地尔,实验组患者在对照组的基础上联合使用参芪注射液。比较治疗前后两组患者血清胱抑素C、血肌酐、血尿素氮、血浆白蛋白及24小时尿蛋白水平,同时比较治疗结束后两组患者的临床总有效率。结果:治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血清胱抑素C、血肌酐、24小时尿蛋白水平均降低(P0.05);血浆白蛋白水平均升高(P0.05),且实验组患者血清胱抑素C、血肌酐、血尿素氮及24小时尿蛋白水平较对照组更低(P0.05),血浆白蛋白水平更高(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组患者临床总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:前列地尔联合参芪扶正注射液能够提高Ig A肾病患者的临床总有效率,可能与升高血浆白蛋白水平有关。     

前列地尔联合尼莫地平对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛患者血管内皮功能及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨前列地尔联合尼莫地平对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)后脑血管痉挛(CVS)患者血管内皮功能及炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选取76例于2015年3月～2017年8月间在中南大学湘雅医院住院治疗的aSAH后CVS患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=38)及观察组(n=38)。对照组在常规治疗基础上采用尼莫地平治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用前列地尔治疗。比较治疗前后两组患者的大脑前、后、中动脉平均血流速度,观察并比较两组患者血浆降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、内皮素-1(ET-1)水平以及血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平的变化情况,评价两组疗效并观察治疗过程中的不良反应发生情况。结果:与对照组比较,治疗后观察组大脑前、后、中动脉血流速度均明显降低(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者CGRP水平明显升高,与对照组比较,治疗后观察组CGRP水平明显升高(P0.05),而治疗后两组患者ET-1、VEGF水平明显下降,且观察组低于对照组(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者IL-8、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均明显下降,且与对照组比较,观察组IL-8、hs-CRP、TNF-α水平均降低(P0.05)。观察组患者治疗的总有效率为92.11%,明显高于对照组的73.68%(P0.05)。观察组总不良反应发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:前列地尔与尼莫地平联合使用治疗aSAH后CVS能明显改善患者的血管内皮功能,降低炎症因子水平,且未增加用药的不良反应,治疗效果较好。     

尼可地尔对冠心病合并2型糖尿病不完全血运重建术后的疗效观察

目的:比较尼可地尔与单硝酸异山梨酯对冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者不完全血运重建术后的疗效。方法:入选112例经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)部分血运重建的冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者。随机分为2组:尼可地尔组(5 mg,3次/d,口服)60例,单硝酸异山梨酯组(50 mg,1次/d,口服)52例,两组患者均给予常规冠心病及糖尿病药物治疗。术后4周末行运动负荷试验,观察总运动时间,从开始运动到出现ST段压低1.0 mv和出现心绞痛的时间(s),以及最大ST段压低幅度,同时记录每周心绞痛发作次数及硝酸甘油用量。结果:4周后两组患者同服药前比较,从开始运动到出现ST段压低1.0 mv的时间延长,总运动时间延长,从开始运动到出现心绞痛的时间延长,最大ST段压低幅度降低(P0.01),但尼可地尔组与单硝酸异山梨酯组比较无明显统计学差异(P0.05);尼可地尔组每周心绞痛发作次数及硝酸甘油用量明显少于单硝酸异山梨酯组(P0.05)。结论:尼可地尔可增加冠心病合并糖尿病患者行不完全血运重建术后患者运动耐量,在减少心绞痛方面作用优于单硝酸异山梨酯。     

维生素A棕榈酸酯眼用凝胶联合聚乙烯醇滴眼液对干眼症患者泪液中 IL-1β与TNF-α水平的影响及其临床疗效

目的:探讨维生素A棕榈酸酯眼用凝胶联合聚乙烯醇滴眼液对干眼症患者泪液中IL-1β及临床疗效的影响。方法:选取2013年11月~2015年11月于我院治疗的干眼症患者60例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30例。对照组患者给予聚乙烯醇滴眼液治疗,实验组患者在对照组基础上加用维生素A棕榈酸酯眼用凝胶治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后泪液中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SIT)及角膜荧光素染色(FL)结果,以及临床总有效率。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后泪液中IL-1β及TNF-α水平均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后泪液中IL-1β及TNF-α水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后BUT及SIT评分均升高,而FL评分均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者治疗后BUT及SIT评分较高,而FL评分较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组临床总有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:维生素A棕榈酸酯眼用凝胶联合聚乙烯醇滴眼液治疗干眼症积极有效,值得临床上大力推广。     

乌司他丁联合前列地尔对急性胰腺炎的临床疗效及对血清TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1、HSP的影响

目的:探讨乌司他丁联合前列地尔治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效及对血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素(Interleukin-1 beta,IL-1β)、高迁移率组蛋白1(HMGB1)、热休克蛋白(HSP)的影响。方法:选择72例我院收治的急性胰腺炎患者并将其随机平均分为观察组和对照组。对照组按照常规方法治疗,观察组在常规治疗方法上采用乌司他丁联合前列地尔加入葡萄糖注射治疗。比较两组患者临床症状及体征恢复时间、治疗前后血清TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1、HSP水平的变化及血淀粉酶水平的恢复情况。结果:治疗后,观察组的总有效率为97.2%,对照组的总有效率为69.7%,观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组多个体征恢复时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05);两组血清TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1、HSP水平均较治疗前明显下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组血淀粉酶水平恢复率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁联合前列地尔治疗急性胰腺炎能有效提高其临床疗效,显著缩短临床症状及体征恢复时间、血淀粉酶恢复时间,降低患者血清TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1、HSP水平。     

灯盏生脉胶囊联合单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片对老年冠心病心绞痛患者心功能、血脂及血清IL-6、CRP水平的影响

摘要 目的：观察单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片联合灯盏生脉胶囊对老年冠心病心绞痛患者血脂、心功能及血清C反应蛋白（CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）水平的影响。方法：选择2018年3月至2020年7月期间我院收治的92例老年冠心病心绞痛患者,采用随机数字表将患者分为两组,分别为对照组46例和研究组46例。对照组给予单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片治疗,研究组则给予灯盏生脉胶囊联合单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片治疗,疗程均为3个月。对比两组临床症状、心电图变化、心功能、血脂及血清IL-6、CRP水平,记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）;研究组的心电图总改善率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗3个月后,两组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、IL-6、CRP水平较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗3个月后,两组左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）较治疗前降低,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）、心输出量（CO）较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。治疗3个月后,研究组硝酸甘油用量少于对照组,心绞痛发作频率、心绞痛持续时间、心绞痛缓解时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：老年冠心病心绞痛患者在单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片治疗的基础上联合灯盏生脉胶囊治疗,效果显著,可有效改善其心功能、血脂,调节炎症因子水平,安全性较好。     

氟桂利嗪联合血塞通治疗偏头痛患者的临床疗效及对血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨氟桂利嗪联合血塞通治疗偏头痛患者的临床疗效及对血液流变学的影响。方法:选择2012年2月到2014年6月在我院就诊的240例偏头痛患者,随机分为对照组(n=120)和实验组(n=120)。对照组给予氟桂利嗪治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用血塞通治疗,对比两组治疗效果和治疗前后血液流变学的变化。结果:治疗后两组患者偏头痛发作频率及VAS评分较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),疼痛持续时间显著缩短(P0.05)且实验组显著优于对照组(P0.05);实验组的有效率(95.8%)明显高于对照组(72.5%),具有显著性差异(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者血浆黏度、全血高、低切黏度、红细胞压积及纤维蛋白原较治疗前均显著降低(P0.05),且实验组患者各指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:氟桂利嗪联合血塞通治疗偏头痛临床疗效显著,可显著改善患者血液流变学指标,效果优于单独使用氟桂利嗪。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.