一种人源抗狂犬病病毒单克隆抗体的瞬时表达及性质分析

目的瞬时表达人源重组抗狂犬病病毒单克隆抗体,并对抗体性质进行分析。方法 PCR法扩增抗体轻、重链可变区并分别构建真核表达质粒;瞬时转染HEK293 EBNA1细胞;抗体经亲和纯化后,CE-SDS法分析纯化后抗体单体比例,用快速荧光灶抑制试验(RFFIT)分析抗体体外抗狂犬病病毒中和活性,ELISA分析抗体与3aG、CTN、PV及CVS株的结合。结果提取瞬时表达质粒的A260/280 nm比值在2.0～2.1之间纯化后抗体非还原CE-SDS单体纯度为74.4%;还原CE-SDS抗体轻、重链峰合计占比超过95%;抗体RFFIT体外中和活性为293.37 IU/mL,比活达628.21 IU/mg,抗体与3aG、CTN、PV及CVS株交叉反应均为阳性。结论该株抗体具有较高体外抗狂犬病病毒中和活性,与主要疫苗株均有较强结合。     

重组人源化抗CD52单克隆抗体N-糖糖型的分析方法的验证

目的 对重组人源化抗CD52单克隆抗体N-糖糖型的分析方法亲水相互作用液相色谱法进行方法学验证,并根据多批次产品的检测结果制定质量标准。方法 参考《中华人民共和国药典》2020版(三部)通则9101中相关要求及重组人源化抗CD52单克隆抗体的制造与检定规程,对单克隆抗体N-糖糖型的分析方法进行方法学验证,验证项目包括专属性、线性、准确度、精密度、范围和耐用性。对多批次重组人源化抗CD52单克隆抗体产品(≥15批)的N-糖糖型的检测结果进行分析,计算非岩藻糖及半乳糖的相对含量,确定质量标准。结果 空白对照、阴性对照对重组人源化抗CD52单克隆抗体N-糖糖型的分析无干扰;在60～300μg的抗体含量范围内线性良好,r²≥0.99;高、中、低3种抗体含量的回收率均在96%～106%;仪器进样重复性、样品制备重复性及中间精密度均良好,峰面积百分比及保留时间的RSD均≤5%;耐用性考察时各条件下的峰面积百分比及保留时间的RSD均≤5%。对多批次重组人源化抗CD52单克隆抗体的检定结果进行统计分析,确定N-糖糖型分析的质量标准为非岩藻糖相对含量4%～20%,半乳糖相对含量≥2...     

应用A蛋白亲和层析法纯化单克隆抗体

应用Protein A亲和层析法,从采集的小鼠腹水中纯化出了抗凝血因子Ⅶ单克隆抗体,用SDS-PAGE和ELISA法分别检测了纯化后单克隆抗体的纯度及效价,结果显示,电泳为两条带,分别为免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的重链和轻链,纯化后的单克隆抗体纯度达到电泳纯,应用间接ELISA法测定腹水效价为1×10-7左右,与未纯化前无差异。结果表明,应用A蛋白亲和层析法能够得到纯度较高的单克隆抗体,适用于高纯度单克隆抗体的制备。     

A型肉毒神经毒素理化及生物学特性研究

目的探究A型肉毒神经毒素的理化及生物学特性,为A型肉毒神经毒素制品的研制提供依据。方法采用SDS-PAGE、HPLC测定A型肉毒神经毒素的纯度;采用毛细管凝胶电泳分析其在非还原条件及还原条件下各组分的相对分子质量;采用等电点聚焦电泳测定其等电点;对其N-末端氨基酸序列进行测序,并将测序结果与NCBI blast数据库中A型肉毒梭菌Hall株的氨基酸序列作比对,确证其各组分的成分;对A型肉毒毒素复合物及A型肉毒神经毒素进行口服毒性分析,并对3批A型肉毒神经毒素原液和其半成品进行生物学稳定性研究。结果 A型肉毒神经毒素纯度99.00%;非还原条件下其相对分子质量约为152 000,N-末端氨基酸序列ALNDLQINVN,为完整的A型肉毒神经毒素;还原条件下,由相对分子质量约为101 000、N-末端氨基酸序列为ALNDLQINVN的重链和相对分子质量约为101 000、N-末端氨基酸序列为PFVNKQFNYK的轻链组成;等电点为4.91;口服A型肉毒神经毒素的小鼠LD50为1.50×107U/kg,是其复合物的7.9倍;3批A型肉毒神经毒素原液在2~8℃放置28 d生物学活性无下降,平均比活性为2.13×108U/mg,是其复合物的7.1倍;3批半成品在18~26℃放置28 d生物学活性无下降。结论 A型肉毒神经毒素纯度较高,非还原条件下为单链,还原条件下裂解为轻链和重链,其原液及其半成品的生物学稳定性较好。     

抗苯丙氨酸羟化酶单克隆抗体的提纯和轻、重链的N端顺序

利用DEAE-52离子交换层析和FPLC的Mono Q离子交换柱,从鼠的腹水液中提纯抗苯丙氨酸羟化酶单克隆抗体,再利用FPLC的Superose 12凝胶柱分离它们的轻链和重链。经SDS-凝胶电泳,氨基酸组成分析和N端顺序测定,确定轻链的分子量约为24 kD,约含有215个残基,轻链的N端的顺序是:D-V-V-M-T-Q-T-P-L-S-L-P-V-S-L-G-D-Q-A-S-I-S-C-R-S-D?-Q-N(D)-,并确认该轻链为鼠KaPPa轻链Ⅱ型。重链的分子量约为52 kD,它的末端被焦谷氨酰封闭。     

β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体可变区基因的5′RACE扩增及序列分析

目的:克隆并分析抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体轻链与重链可变区基因。方法:从分泌抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株A8中提取总RNA,根据恒定区序列设计基因特异性引物,通过5′RACE法扩增抗体的轻链和重链可变区基因,测定并分析可变区基因序列,并克隆入pMD18-T载体。结果:重链可变区基因序列全长450bp,编码150个氨基酸残基;轻链可变区基因序列全长429bp,编码143个氨基酸残基。在GeneBank中对氨基酸序列进行比对分析,二者均符合小鼠IgG可变区基因的特征。根据Kabat法则对A8抗体轻链和重链可变区氨基酸序列基因进行分析并确定了3个抗原互补决定区(CDR)、4个框架区(FR)和信号肽。结论:通过5′RACE法得到了抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体轻链与重链可变区基因,为进一步研究抗体三维结构,以及对该抗体进行人源化改造奠定了基础。     

N端测序作为单克隆抗体常规放行分析方法的探讨

旨在探讨N端测序作为单克隆抗体常规放行分析方法的适用性。应用Edman降解法、质量肽图法对两个针对不同靶点的单抗进行N端测序,用肽图法寻找二者的特征性鉴别肽段,用离子色谱、毛细管区带电泳和成像毛细管等点聚焦电泳进行异质性分析。Edman降解法显示两个单抗轻链和重链的15个氨基酸分别完全一致,质量肽图法显示二者轻重链的T1肽段分别完全一致,而肽图法和3种异质性分析方法则可对两个抗体进行有效鉴别。由于人源化或人源单抗序列框架数量较为有限,两个单抗的N末端序列完全相同,运用Edman降解法进行N端测序是否能作为单抗的常规放行分析方法值得进一步商榷,同时上述多种方法可运用于单抗的鉴别分析,并可对其异质性进行控制,较N端测序分析更具有客观性。     

利用FPLC提纯抗苯丙氨酸羟化酶抗体的Fab及其轻链和重链的分离

 IgGPH_7经木瓜蛋白酶消解产生Fab和Fc,在FPLC仪上,分别用MonoQ,Superose_(12),MonoS柱提纯Fab。提纯的Fab经还原和烷基化后,再用琥珀酸酐修饰,然后用Mono Q柱分离得到轻链和重链。最后通过SDS凝胶电泳和N端顺序测定,以鉴定它的纯度和轻、重链。     

全人源化抗人TNF-α单克隆抗体毛细管区带电泳鉴别方法的建立及验证

目的建立及验证用于全人源化抗人TNF-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α)单克隆抗体(简称抗人TNF-α单抗)鉴别的毛细管区带电泳(Capillary zone electrophoresis,CZE)方法。方法采用DB-1毛细管,以样品检测分离度、迁移时间、电流及峰形为判断标准,筛选CZE过程中的各种参数(缓冲液p H、ε-氨基乙酸浓度、乙酸钠浓度、羟丙基纤维素浓度、样品稀释剂、进样时间及运行电压等),建立CZE方法,并对方法的专属性、精密度、中间精密度进行验证。结果建立的CZE方法参数条件为:缓冲液p H为5.0,EACA浓度为300 mmol/L,乙酸钠浓度为20 mmol/L,HPMC质量分数为0.05%,用50 mmol/L Tris稀释样品,进样时间为15 s,运行电压为20 k V。样品制备重复性主峰迁移时间RSD为0.459%,中间精密度RSD为1.145%。结论 CZE方法分离度高、专属性强、重复性和精密度好、简单快速,可作为全人源化抗人TNF-α单抗的鉴别方法。     

抗CD52单克隆抗体HPLC-肽图分析方法的建立

建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)-肽图分析方法,用于抗人CD52单克隆抗体的专属性鉴别。抗CD52单抗样品经盐酸胍变性、DTT还原,释放出的游离半胱氨酸残基进行烷基化。超滤置换酶切缓冲液后进行胰蛋白酶酶切并终止。色谱条件:采用Eclipse XDB-C18 4.6×250 mm 5μm(Aglient)色谱柱,0.1%TFA水溶液与0.1%TFA乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为214 nm,柱温为30℃;质谱条件:分析时长135 min;检测方式正离子,TOF;MS+扫描范围350-1 500 Da;Product Ion+扫描范围100-1 500 Da;质谱分辨率40 000;Exceeds,150 Cps。CD52单抗重链CDR1、CDR3、轻链CDR1对应肽段由质谱鉴定出。HPLC-肽图方法专属性验证显示辅料制剂及异种抗体对检测结果无干扰;精密度验证结果显示目标峰的峰面积RSD%均在1.7%-7.6%之间。且目标峰的保留时间RSD%均在0.1%-0.2%之间,小于5%的可接受标准;耐用性结果显示,3μg胰蛋白酶、37℃和18 h的酶切条件是最合适的样品处理条件。基于CDR相关肽段鉴别的HPLC-肽图分析方法可定性鉴定出抗CD52单抗,方法学验证结果显示该方法适用于抗人CD52单抗的专属性鉴别并可用于质量控制及批检验放行。     

Analysis of monoclonal antibody product heterogeneity resulting from alternate cleavage sites of signal peptide

Signal peptides used in biosynthesis of proteins are cleaved at a very specific site by signal peptidase during posttranslational translocation of cytoplasmic proteins across the membrane. In some cases, however, there can be cleavage at nonspecific sites, giving rise to heterogeneity in the mature protein, which manifests itself as either elongation or truncation of the N terminus of the mature protein. When used as biopharmaceutical therapeutics, such heterogeneities may be a cause for concern, depending on the nature of the heterogeneity. This article describes the determination of such heterogeneity by peptide mapping in both the heavy chain and the light chain (LC) of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-expressed monoclonal antibody (mAb). The peptide map method described here was capable of detecting the extended N-terminal peptides at levels as low as 1% relative to the peak area of the intact N-terminal peptide. The LC of a mAb product was truncated at its N termini by two amino acid residues at approximately 3-4% levels, resulting from alternate signal peptide cleavage. This article describes the quantitation of this truncation by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) peptide mapping. Also described is analysis and characterization of LC truncation by reduced and denatured capillary electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS). The truncated mAb, which was devoid of the two N-terminal amino acids, was engineered and shown to migrate as the “pre-LC” peak in reduced CE-SDS assay. The amount of the pre-LC peak recovered from the CE-SDS assay was shown to correlate with the amount of truncated peptide observed from the reduced and alkylated peptide map of the engineered mAb.     

抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的高效表达及其产物分析

目的：在乳酸克鲁维酵母中实现抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体的表达。方法：应用PCR扩增抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体的轻、重链基因,将扩增产物分别克隆入酵母表达载体pYES 2/ochI和pPICZαA/ura3,经限制性内切酶以及DNA序列测定分析插入片段正确后,将重组质粒转化乳酸克鲁维酵母(Δura3)。转化子用半乳糖诱导,经间接ELISA和Western blot鉴定所表达产物的产量以及和抗原结合的活性。结果：构建了抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体轻、重链表达载体pYES 2/ochI+αL和pPICZαA/ura3+αH,摇瓶培养表达产量可达(120±20)mg/L;经还原和非还原SDS-PAGE分析,抗体的轻、重链能够通过分子间二硫键正确装配;所表达抗体可与HER2胞外域特异性结合。结论：实现抗HER2人源化单克隆抗体在乳酸克鲁维酵母中的表达,具有与其抗原特异性结合的能力。     

Stability of murine, chimeric and humanized antibodies against pre-S2 surface antigen of hepatitis B virus

We have constructed a humanized antibody with specificity for the pre-S2 surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) by grafting the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of parental murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) into human anti-Sm antibody framework regions. The humanized antibody has a substitution at position 94 in a framework region of the heavy chain variable region, and exhibits the same antigen binding affinity as the parental murine monoclonal and chimeric antibodies. In order to assess the stability of these antibodies, thermal inactivation of the parental, chimeric and humanized antibodies was analyzed. Fifty percent inactivation of the chimeric and humanized antibodies was observed at 63.7 degrees C and 68.7 degrees C, respectively, compared to 55.0 degrees C for murine antibody. The humanized antibody also exhibited increased stability against denaturant. Guanidine-induced unfolding monitored by the changes in fluorescence intensity at 360 nm showed that midpoints of the transition of the chimeric and humanized antibodies were 2.47 M and 2.56 M, respectively, whereas that of the murine antibody was 1.36 M.     

Humanization of Antibodies Using Heavy Chain Complementarity-determining Region 3 Grafting Coupled with in Vitro Somatic Hypermutation

A method for simultaneous humanization and affinity maturation of monoclonal antibodies has been developed using heavy chain complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3 grafting combined with somatic hypermutation in vitro. To minimize the amount of murine antibody-derived antibody sequence used during humanization, only the CDR3 region from a murine antibody that recognizes the cytokine hβNGF was grafted into a nonhomologous human germ line V region. The resulting CDR3-grafted HC was paired with a CDR-grafted light chain, displayed on the surface of HEK293 cells, and matured using in vitro somatic hypermutation. A high affinity humanized antibody was derived that was considerably more potent than the parental antibody, possessed a low pm dissociation constant, and demonstrated potent inhibition of hβNGF activity in vitro. The resulting antibody contained half the heavy chain murine donor sequence compared with the same antibody humanized using traditional methods.     

Screening method for inherited disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism by capillary electrophoresis with reversed electroosmotic flow

Capillary electrophoresis with electroosmotic flow reversed by cationic surfactant for diagnosis of purine and pyrimidine inherited enzyme deficiencies is reported. Final separation conditions consist of 45 mM borate, 55 mM N-tris[hydroxymethyl]methylglycine, 10 mM tartrate, 1 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and 0.44% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide-2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (pH 8.6). Average sensitivity (2.51 microM), reproducibility of migration times (run-to-run C.V. < or = 0.6%, day-to-day C.V. < or = 2.5%), linearity (R2>0.994) and imprecision (mean intra-assay RSD 4.7% and inter-assay RSD 6.6%) of the method are acceptable for diagnostic purposes. Applicability of the method is demonstrated on urine samples from patients with enzymatically proven enzyme deficiencies.     

点状产气单胞菌脯氨酰内肽酶基因的克隆与表达

用活性筛选法从产气单胞菌点状亚种ST7833 (Aeromonas puctata subsp.puctata ST7833)的基因组中克隆了脯氨酰内肽酶 (Prolyl Endopeptidase,简称apPEP)的基因,测定了含有PEP基因的33kb DNA片段的序列,第202092bp编码了690个氨基酸组成的脯氨酰内肽酶,经检索是一种新的PEP基因。并构建了一株组成性高效表达PEP的基因工程菌BL21/pGEMPEP。BL21/pGEMPEP在 YH培养基中apPEP的表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%左右,活力是野生菌的112倍,表达产物主要为可溶性的胞内蛋白,约5%分泌到胞外。非还原SDSPAGE显示为单体,分子量为76kD,与基因序列预测的分子量一致。试管培养后纯化得到了纯度大于90%的重组脯氨酰内肽酶,比活力为67U/mg。     

Characterization of a recombinant monoclonal antibody by mass spectrometry combined with liquid chromatography

In this report, we present the characterization of a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for the human epidermal growth factor receptor (hEGFR). Direct analysis by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) of peptide mixtures and chromatographically isolated fractions allowed identification of 94.0% and 85.4% of the amino acid sequence of light and heavy chains, respectively. Microheterogeneity sources were identified in light and heavy chains and a previously unreported posttranslational modification for immunoglobulins was found. One N-glycosylation site was identified in the heavy chain with non-sialylated bianntenary fucosylated structures. This study is one of the first to assess the potential of MALDI-MS in combination with more conventional protein chemistry techniques for the characterization of monoclonal antibodies.     

Characterization of monoclonal antibody size variants containing extra light chains

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is the most commonly used method to separate and quantify monoclonal antibody (mAb) size variants. MAb-A is an IgG1 subtype humanized monoclonal antibody recombinantly produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. SEC analysis of MAb-A resolved a peak, named Peak 1, which elutes between monomer and dimer peaks. MAb-A lots produced from different clones and production scales all have 0.2–0.3% of SEC Peak 1. Electron spray ionization—time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF MS), microfluidics capillary electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE (SDS PAGE) results demonstrated that SEC Peak 1 contains two structural variants: MAb-A with one extra light chain (2H3L) and MAb-A with two extra light chains (2H4L). The C-terminal Cys of the extra light chain in Peak 1 variants is either a free thiol, capped by glutathione, cysteine, or another light chain. Both electrophoresis and LC/MS analyses of non-reduced and reduced samples suggested that the extra light chains are linked to the MAb-A light chain through disulfide bonds. Isolated SEC Peak 1 fraction had a potency of 50% relative to MAb-A reference material. The 50% potency loss may result from the reduced accessibility to the antigen-binding site caused by the extra light chain(s)’ steric hindrance.     

Characterization by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry of monoclonal anti-IGF-1 receptor antibodies produced in CHO and NS0 cells

7H2HM is a new humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and produced in CHO cells. Homogeneity of intact antibody, reduced light and heavy chains, Fab and Fc fragments were investigated by analytical methods based on mass (SDS-PAGE, SEC), charge (IEF, C-IEX) and hydrophobicity differences (RP-HPLC, HIC) and compared side-by-side with A2CHM, produced in NS0 cells. Primary structures and disulfide bridge pairing were analyzed by microsequencing (Edman degradation), mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF, ES-TOF) and peptide mapping after enzymatic digestion (Trypsin, endoprotease Lys-C, papain). The light chains demonstrated the expected sequences. The heavy chains yielded post-translational modifications previously reported for other recombinant humanized or human IgG1 such as N-terminal pyroglutamic acid, C-terminal lysine clipping and N-glycosylation for asparagine 297. More surprisingly, two-thirds of the 7H2HM heavy chains were shown to contain an additional 24-amino-acid sequence, corresponding to the translation of an intron located between the variable and the constant domains. Taken together these data suggest that 7H2HM is a mixture of three families of antibodies corresponding (i) to the expected structure (17%; 14,9297 Da; 1330 amino acids), (ii) a variant with a translated intron in one heavy chains (33%; 15,2878 Da; 1354 amino acids) and (iii) a variant with translated introns in two heavy chains (50%; 15,4459 Da; 1378 amino acids), respectively. RP-HPLC is not a commonly used chromatographic method to assess purity of monoclonal antibodies but unlike to SEC and SDS-PAGE, was able to show and to quantify the family of structures present in 7H2HM, which were also identified by peptide mapping, mass spectrometry and microsequencing.     

Humanization of anti-human insulin receptor antibody for drug targeting across the human blood-brain barrier

A murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the human insulin receptor (HIR) has been engineered for use as a brain drug delivery system for transport across the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). The HIRMAb was humanized by complementarity determining region (CDR) grafting on the framework regions (FR) of the human B43 IgG heavy chain and the human REI kappa light chain. A problem encountered in the humanization process was the poor secretion of the CDR-grafted HIRMAb by myeloma cells. This problem was solved by the production of human/mouse hybrids of the engineered heavy chain variable region (VH), which led to the replacement of five amino acids in the FR3 of the VH with original murine amino acids. No replacement of FR amino acids in the light chain variable region (VL) was required. The affinity of the humanized HIRMAb for the HIR was decreased 27% relative to the murine HIRMAb. The humanized HIRMAb avidly bound to the HIR of isolated human brain capillaries, which are used as an in vitro model system of the human BBB. The HIRMAb cross reacts with the HIR of Old World primates such as the Rhesus monkey. The humanized HIRMAb was radiolabeled with 125-iodine, and injected intravenously into an adult, anesthetized Rhesus monkey. Brain scanning showed the humanized HIRMAb was rapidly transported into all parts of the primate brain after intravenous administration. The humanized HIRMAb may be used as a brain drug and gene delivery system for the targeting of large molecule therapeutics across the BBB in humans.