落叶松体胚发育中5个miRNA前体与成熟体的表达

利用同源比对或RACE克隆了5个落叶松(Larix leptolepis) miRNA前体。结果显示, 在各物种miRNA前体间, 成熟序列高度相似, 但其它序列相似度差异大, 序列相似度与亲缘关系有关。采用qRT-PCR分析了5个miRNA、前体和靶基因在落叶松体胚8个发育阶段的表达变化。结果显示, miRNA表达最高峰出现在后期子叶胚, 暗示与促进胚胎休眠有关; 表达次高峰出现时期不同, 表现为miR397和miR408在PEMIII, miR398在早期单胚, miR156和miR166在早期子叶胚, 表明其与保持薄细胞壁、质子传递、顶端分生组织形成等调控有关。miRNA成熟体表达与前体含量不呈线性相关, 可能受多重调控。研究结果对于阐明MIR基因进化、表达调控及在体胚发育中的调控功能具有重要理论意义。     

文心兰25条miRNA前体序列特性及其表达分析

为了解文心兰miRNA的序列特性及其在不同组织部位中以及软腐病侵染过程中的表达规律,该研究对文心兰转录组及miRNA数据库中的25条miRNA前体(pre miRNA)序列和15条成熟体序列进行序列特性分析,并对25条pre miRNAs在文心兰不同组织部位及软腐病侵染的假鳞茎中的表达情况进行实时荧光定量分析。结果显示：（1）文心兰25条pre miRNAs序列可分为13个家族,其中包含15条成熟体序列。（2）Mfold二级结构预测显示,文心兰25条pre miRNAs的最小折叠自由能在-32.04~ -120.98 kal/mol之间,均可以形成典型、稳定的发夹结构。（3）序列比对分析发现,同一家族的前体与成熟体存在一个约20个碱基长度的保守区域,推测该区域可能为文心兰miRNA成熟体所在区域。其中,13个前体家族中,有10个家族的成熟体可以完全定位于其前体中。（4）实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在文心兰不同组织部位中,miR159 unigene0037857、miR167 unigene0011236、miR167 unigene0002619、miR169 unigene0022341、miR172 unigene006514、miR396 unigene19032、miR398 unigene0009996、miR2950 unigene0006151、miR2950 unigene0006422等pre miRNAs在叶片中大量累积可能有利于其叶的形态建成;miR162 unigene0003615、miR162 unigene0013441、miR166 unigene0011870、miR168 unigene0009958等pre miRNAs同时在根和叶中均大量表达有利于其根和叶的发育;而miR171 unigene0045985、miR396 unigene0011179、miR396 unigene0011180在根和茎中的大量表达可能有利于其根和茎的发育。（5）在软腐病病菌侵染文心兰假鳞茎的过程中,miR159 unigene0037857、miR167 unigene0011236、miR396 unigene0011179、miR396 unigene0011180、miR396 unigene0019032、miR845 unigene0012489的表达总体呈下降趋势;miR162 unigene0040566、miR166 unigene0011870、miR168 unigene0009958、miR171 unigene0045985在软腐病菌液侵染4 h其表达量升高,之后表达量下调;miR162 unigene0003615、miR167 unigene0002619、miR168 unigene0047942、miR169 unigene0022341、miR845 unigene0012489在菌液侵染过程中其表达量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,并在侵染8 h后表达量达到最低。研究表明,文心兰pre miRNAs 13个家族不同成员在进化进程中具有高度保守性与特异性的结构特点,并可能广泛参与文心兰不同组织的生长发育及参与软腐病菌侵染的响应。     

龙眼miR171家族进化特性及其表达分析

为了解龙眼miR171家族的进化特性及其功能,该研究以龙眼mRNA和miRNA数据库中获得的miR171家族7个前体序列(pre-miRNA)和9条成熟体序列为基础进行生物信息学预测和表达分析。mfold预测显示,premiR171家族成员均能形成典型二级结构,其最小折叠自由能(dG)介于-39.37~-55.13kal/mol,且家族成员中除pre-miR171-scaffold112和pre-miR171f-scaffold38外,其他成员包含的成熟序列与vvi-miR171a、ptc-miR171f以及ctr-miR171等成熟体完全匹配。NJ进化树分析发现,龙眼pre-miR171家族与柑橘、毛果杨具有较高相似性。psRNAtarget靶标预测显示,龙眼miR171家族的主要靶标为Scarecrow-like6,与其他植物的miR171靶标相同。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,pre-miR171家族成员均在龙眼雄花中表达提高,而在果实中表达量降低。研究认为,龙眼miR171家族在进化过程中具有高度保守性,在龙眼生长发育过程中主要参与雄花形成。     

基于IRES序列的多基因共表达载体构建

目的:构建一个IRES序列介导的多基因共表达载体,实现两个目的基因和筛选标记基因共用一个启动子高效表达,提高多基因稳定共表达细胞株的筛选效率。方法:以实验室前期构建的载体pLV-MCS-Puro为骨架,设计并全基因合成双基因克隆表达元件,连接到骨架载体,构建多基因共表达载体pLV-2MCS-Puro,以DsRed2和EGFP荧光蛋白基因验证该载体用于多基因稳定共表达细胞株筛选的效率。结果:成功构建了pLV-2MCS-Puro载体以及DsRed2和EGFP共表达重组质粒pLV-DsRed2-EGFP-Puro。瞬时转染实验证明该载体能介导多基因共表达。抗性筛选获得了MDCK和HeLa两种细胞的多基因稳定共表达细胞池。细胞池涂片荧光显微镜观察和计数表明抗性细胞池DsRed2和EGFP双阳率接近100%。基因组和转录水平PCR及蛋白质免疫印迹实验表明,DsRed2和EGFP稳定整合到抗性细胞基因组,并且两种蛋白质表达水平较为一致。结论:成功构建了多基因共表达载体pLV-2MCS-Puro,实现了两个目的基因和抗性基因串联共表达,并且具有高效的多基因稳定共表达细胞株筛选效率。该载体在研究蛋白质相互作用及工程细胞构建等方面具有一定的应用前景。     

pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3真核表达载体的构建与鉴定(英文)

目的:采用一种简便和高效的方法构建双基因共表达载体pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3。方法:人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和神经营养素3是采用PCR的方法从人外周血单个核细胞的基因组DNA中获取,将人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子的cDNA片段插入到pIRES2-EGFP多克隆位点构建成为pIRES2-GDNF-EGFP.神经营养素3 cDNA片段通过替换EGFP的方式插入到pIRES2-GDNF-EGFP中构建成为pIRES2-GDNF-NT-3双基因共表达载体。结果:人胶质细胞源性神经营养因子和神经营养素3被克隆,通过测序和酶切鉴定的得知与基因库报道序列一致。结论:人神经生长因子和神经营养素3双基因真核表达载体成功构建,它提供了一个新的表达系统,为进一步研究双基因的功能奠定了基础。     

含p53保守结合位点的microRNA表达载体的构建及应用

目的:构建含p53保守结合位点的microRNA(miRNA)表达载体,促进相关miRNA在具有野生型p53蛋白细胞中的高效表达。方法:改构miRNA表达载体pCMV-miR,在其多克隆位点前插入p53保守结合位点,分别将miR-138、miR-34a和miR-21前体序列pre-miR-138、pre-miR-34a和pre-miR-21插入上述改构的载体pCMV/p53-miR,将构建的pCMV/p53-miR-138、pCMV/p53-miR-34a和pCMV/p53-miR-21表达载体转染具有野生型p53的HeLa细胞和不表达p53的H1299细胞,分析p53对上述miRNA表达调控的影响。结果:转染改构的miRNA表达载体后,HeLa细胞中miR-138、miR-34a和miR-21的表达水平明显提高,它们对应的已知靶基因Cyclin D3、CDK2和PTEN的表达同时被显著下调。结论:在p53转录调控作用下,具有p53保守结合位点的miRNA表达载体能够更加有效地提高miRNA的表达水平;构建的载体不但可用于促进相关miRNA的表达,也能用于miRNA是否受p53调控的检测。     

橄榄CaICE1基因的克隆和表达分析

为了解橄榄(Canarium album)抗寒相关转录因子ICE1的调控功能,采用RT-PCR技术克隆了‘福榄1号’的ICE1,命名为CaICE1,并进行生物信息学、qRT-PCR表达模式和相关miRNA预测分析。结果表明,CaICE1 cDNA序列的开放阅读框长度为1 650 bp,可编码549个氨基酸(GenBank登录号MG459422)。Ca ICE1为不稳定亲水性蛋白质,含有跨膜结构、磷酸化位点以及HLH保守结构域,定位于细胞核,与枳的ICE1亲缘关系较近。CaICE1密码子偏好性较弱,AGA、AGG、TGG和CCA可能为其最优密码子群。CaICE1主要在橄榄花、种子和叶中大量表达,-3℃低温胁迫下CaICE1表达水平比常温显著上升。psRNAtarget预测结果表明,CaICE1可能是miR825、miR477、miR5658、miR1436和miR394等多个逆境响应miRNA的靶基因。因此,CaICE1可能在橄榄低温胁迫过程中发挥重要调控作用,且可能受miRNA的调控。     

RNA结合蛋白HuR通过其RNA识别模体调节hsa-let-7c表达（英文）

微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNA)是一种短链的非编码RNA,它通过抑制RNA的翻译或促进RNA的降解调控多种细胞活动和机体的发育。机体主要通过转录和转录后两个层面对miRNA的表达进行调控,其中对miRNA转录水平的调控决定了miRNA表达的特异性,而目前我们对其转录后调控的机制还知之甚少。本研究旨在证实RNA结合蛋白HuR是否通过与pri-miRNA中富含AU的序列相结合调节miRNA的表达。利用生物信息学方法对pri-miRNA中的AUUUA模体进行筛查,发现在hsa-let-7c下游富含AUUUA模体,而hsa-miR-21则不具备这一模体。通过转染HuR质粒到HEK293T细胞构建过表达模型,然后用Western blot和real-time PCR分别检测HuR蛋白和miRNAs表达水平。结果显示,过表达HuR能够促进成熟hsa-let-7c而非hsa-miR-21表达。而过表达缺失RNA识别模体3(RNA recognition motif,RRM3)的突变体HuR则不能促进hsa-let-7c的表达。以上结果提示RRM3是HuR介导成熟hsa-let-7c表达的关键序列,而HuR在调控miRNA生物合成中可能扮演了一种新的角色,即在转录后水平调节miRNA的表达。     

一种利用分泌型荧光素酶基因表达变化监测活细胞中miRNA活性的新方法

建立了一种以分泌型的荧光素酶Gluc为报告基因的miRNA传感器质粒(命名为Gsensor)监测活细胞中miRNA(microRNA)活性的方法。首先构建了pAAV2neo-Gluc-MCS-polyA质粒作为Gsensor的空载体,同时其中的MCS位点可供插入miRNA的靶序列。以miR142-3p为检测对象,将1个和3个拷贝的与miR142-3p完全互补靶序列分别插入pAAV2neo-Gluc-MCS-polyA中,构建成miR142-3p Gsensor和miR142-3p Gsensor-3。将它们分别转染至U937细胞中,检测培养上清中Gluc的表达水平。结果显示二者均可有效反映U937细胞中miR142-3p的抑制活性(分别与Gsensor空载体相比),提示Gsensor中采用一个拷贝的miRNA靶序列即可满足检测要求。并且miR142-3p Gsensor也能有效地反映出Anti-miR142对miR142-3p活性的抑制作用。随后,分析了时间、转染剂量对Gsensor检测结果的影响。结果表明,在U937细胞中miR142-3p Gsensor表现的miR142-3p活性在48h后趋于稳定;Gsensor转染剂量在0.001~0.05pg/cell范围内不影响其功能。最后,利用miR142-3p Gsensor检测了HEK293、U937、K562、SP2/0和P815细胞内miR142-3p活性,结果发现miR142-3p活性在U937、K562、SP2/0和P815细胞中均较高,而在HEK293中几乎没有活性。用QRT-PCR方法检测miR142-3p的相对拷贝数。结果表明,在HEK293、U937和K562细胞中,miR142-3p活性与其相对拷贝数呈正相关。本研究表明Gsensor可作为一种有效的miRNA活性检测工具,为体外实时动态监测miRNA活性提供了一种新方法。     

三种禽病毒抗原的串联表达、纯化及活性鉴定

为实现多个基因在同一菌株中均一可溶性表达,简化基因工程亚单位多联多价疫苗中抗原生产的工艺步骤,本研究选用Ⅰ群4型禽腺病毒(FAdV-4) Fiber-2蛋白、鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV) VP2蛋白和减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)Fiber蛋白3种来自不同禽病毒的抗原为研究对象,利用原核表达系统,通过密码子优化、载体启动子改造和基因串联顺序优化,获得单一载体/多重转录单元的共表达重组质粒。将共表达重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,进行3个基因的共表达。纯化后的蛋白进行Western blotting和蛋白活性检测。结果表明,目的基因经过密码子优化、载体启动子改造和基因串联顺序的优化后,获得均一可溶性共表达的3种蛋白,纯化后蛋白纯度大于80%,Western blotting分析和琼脂扩散试验表明串联表达的3种蛋白具有免疫反应性和抗原活性。文中通过目的基因密码子优化、表达载体启动子改造和基因串联等关键技术的突破,首次实现了3种不同禽病毒抗原的高效、均一、可溶性串联表达和纯化,为基因工程亚单位多联多价疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

Regulation of pri-miRNA processing by the hnRNP-like protein AtGRP7 in Arabidopsis

The hnRNP-like glycine-rich RNA-binding protein AtGRP7 regulates pre-mRNA splicing in Arabidopsis. Here we used small RNA-seq to show that AtGRP7 also affects the miRNA inventory. AtGRP7 overexpression caused a significant reduction in the level of 30 miRNAs and an increase for 14 miRNAs with a minimum log₂ fold change of ±0.5. Overaccumulation of several pri-miRNAs including pri-miR398b, pri-miR398c, pri-miR172b, pri-miR159a and pri-miR390 at the expense of the mature miRNAs suggested that AtGRP7 affects pri-miRNA processing. Indeed, RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that AtGRP7 interacts with these pri-miRNAs in vivo. Mutation of an arginine in the RNA recognition motif abrogated in vivo binding and the effect on miRNA and pri-miRNA levels, indicating that AtGRP7 inhibits processing of these pri-miRNAs by direct binding. In contrast, pri-miRNAs of selected miRNAs that were elevated or not changed in response to high AtGRP7 levels were not bound in vivo. Reduced accumulation of miR390, an initiator of trans-acting small interfering RNA (ta-siRNA) formation, also led to lower TAS3 ta-siRNA levels and increased mRNA expression of the target AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR4. Furthermore, AtGRP7 affected splicing of pri-miR172b and pri-miR162a. Thus, AtGRP7 is an hnRNP-like protein with a role in processing of pri-miRNAs in addition to its role in pre-mRNA splicing.     

The interaction between DCL1 and HYL1 is important for efficient and precise processing of pri-miRNA in plant microRNA biogenesis

It has been reported that some double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding proteins interact with small RNA biogenesis-related RNase III enzymes. However, their biological significance is poorly understood. Here we examine the relationship between the Arabidopsis microRNA- (miRNA) producing enzyme DCL1 and the dsRNA binding protein HYL1. In the hyl1-2 mutant, the processing steps of miR163 biogenesis were partially impaired; increased accumulation of pri-miR163 and reduced accumulation of short pre-miR163 and mature miR163 as well as misplaced cleavages in the stem structure of pri-miR163 were detected. These misplaced cleavages were similar to those previously observed in the dcl1-9 mutant, in which the second double-stranded RNA binding domain of the protein was disrupted. An immunoprecipitation assay using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that HYL1 was able to form a complex with wild-type DCL1 protein, but not with the dcl1-9 mutant protein. We also examined miR164b and miR166a biogenesis in hyl1-2 and dcl1-9. Increased accumulation of pri-miRNAs and reduced accumulation of pre-miRNAs and mature miRNAs were detected. Misplaced cleavage on pri-miR164b was observed only in dcl1-9 but not in hyl1-2, whereas not on pri-miR166a in either mutant. These results indicate that HYL1 has a function in assisting efficient and precise cleavage of pri-miRNA through interaction with DCL1.     

Recovery of dicer-like 1-late flowering phenotype by miR172 expressed by the noncanonical DCL4-dependent biogenesis pathway

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as down-regulators of gene expression, and play a dominant role in eukaryote development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1) is the main processor in miRNA biogenesis, and dcl1 mutants show various developmental defects at the early stage of embryogenesis or at gamete formation. However, miRNAs responsible for the respective developmental stages of the dcl1 defects have not been identified. Here, we developed a DCL1-independent miRNA expression system using the unique DCL4-dependent miRNA, miR839. By replacing the mature sequence in the miR839 precursor sequence with that of miR172, one of the most widely conserved miRNAs in angiosperms, we succeeded in expressing miR172 from a chimeric miR839 precursor in dcl1-7 plants and observed the repression of miR172 target gene expression. In parallel, the DCL4-dependent miR172 expression rescued the late flowering phenotype of dcl1-7 by acceleration of flowering. We established the DCL1-independent miRNA expression system, and revealed that the reduction of miR172 expression is responsible for the dcl1-7 late flowering phenotype.     

Expression of multiple artificial microRNAs from a chicken miRNA126-based lentiviral vector

Background

The use of RNAi in both basic and translational research often requires expression of multiple siRNAs from the same vector.

Methods/Principal Findings

We have developed a novel chicken miR126-based artificial miRNA expression system that can express one, two or three miRNAs from a single cassette in a lentiviral vector. We show that each of the miRNAs expressed from the same lentiviral vector is capable of potent inhibition of reporter gene expression in transient transfection and stable integration assays in chicken fibroblast DF-1 cells. Transduction of Vero cells with lentivirus expressing two or three different anti-influenza miRNAs leads to inhibition of influenza virus production. In addition, the chicken miR126-based expression system effectively inhibits reporter gene expression in human, monkey, dog and mouse cells. These results demonstrate that the flanking regions of a single primary miRNA can support processing of three different stem-loops in a single vector.

Conclusions/Significance

This novel design expands the means to express multiple miRNAs from the same vector for potent and effective silencing of target genes and influenza virus.     

龙眼miR396分子进化特性及响应蓝光的表达分析

关于蓝光对龙眼胚性愈伤组织miRNA组学研究中发现大量响应蓝光的miRNAs,挑选关键且差异表达的miR396a-3p_2和miR396b-5p进行分子进化特性分析,以进一步明确它们在龙眼响应蓝光过程中的作用。该研究对前体和成熟体进化树、前体二级结构、启动子顺式作用元件、靶基因预测及其响应蓝光表达模式等进行分析。结果表明:(1)由5p臂上形成的miR396成熟体序列保守性较高,由3p臂上形成的miR396成熟体序列特异性较大;茎序列的保守性高于环序列,5p臂上保守性高于3p臂。(2)miR396a-3p_2和miR396b-5p的启动子主要包括光、激素、生物和非生物胁迫响应元件,可能通过这些顺式元件在龙眼响应蓝光中起调控作用;其响应蓝光的靶基因或蛋白主要包括生长素调控因子(GRF2)、LRR类受体丝氨酸(FLS2)、乙烯不敏感蛋白(EIN3)和DNA定向RNA聚合酶α亚基(rpoA)等。(3)实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,miR396a-3p_2和miR396b-5p在不同光质的表达模式存在差异;在不同光强的蓝光条件下,miR396b-5p与其靶基因的表达趋势基本呈负相关,而miR396a-3p_2与rpoA的表达趋势未呈负相关,可能存在其他miR396家族成员或miRNAs同时调控,从而实现靶基因转录水平的调控。