切尾拟鲿外周血细胞的显微结构

应用Wright-Giemsa染液联合染色方法,通过光镜对切尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus truncatus外周血细胞的形态进行观察。结果表明,切尾拟鲿外周血细胞可分为红细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞和嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞两种类型的粒细胞。未发现嗜碱性粒细胞。白细胞中,血栓细胞数量最多,占白细胞总数的39.32%;嗜酸性粒细胞数量最少,仅占白细胞总数的2.30%;单核细胞体积最大,大小为(14.58±3.95)μm×(12.96±2.67)μm;血栓细胞体积最小,大小为(6.53±0.96)μm×(3.65±0.41)μm。此外,统计了红细胞密度为(1.68±0.39)×106/mm3,白细胞密度为(5.84±0.73)×103/mm3。     

Nesfatin-1对卡巴胆碱诱导的大鼠胃粘膜细胞胃酸分泌的影响及其机制研究

目的:探讨Nesfatin-1对卡巴胆碱诱导的离体大鼠胃粘膜细胞胃酸分泌的影响及其机制。方法:采用酶解法分离原代SD大鼠胃粘膜细胞。Nesfatin-1(10-1μmol/L)作用大鼠胃粘膜细胞不同时间以及不同浓度Nesfatin-1(10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4μmol/L)作用大鼠胃粘膜细胞0.5 h后,通过14C-氨基比林(14C-Aminopyrine,14C-AP)法检测其对卡巴胆碱(100μmol/L)诱导的大鼠胃粘膜细胞胃酸分泌的影响。将Nesfatin-1(10-1μmol/L)与卡巴胆碱(100μmol/L)共孵育大鼠胃粘膜细胞0.5 h后,通过透射电镜观察胃壁细胞超微结构的变化。结果:Nesfatin-1(10-1μmol/L)作用于大鼠胃粘膜细胞0.5 h、1.0 h及10-1、10-2、10-3μmol/L Nesfatin-1作用于大鼠胃粘膜细胞0.5 h均可明显降低卡巴胆碱诱导的14C-AP摄取量,与卡巴胆碱组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Nesfatin-1可影响卡巴胆碱诱导的大鼠胃壁细胞的超微结构,抑制其从静息态向分泌态转化。结论:Nesfatin-1可能通过影响胃壁细胞超微结构变化抑制卡巴胆碱诱导的SD大鼠胃粘膜细胞的胃酸分泌。     

槲皮素对LPS刺激的小胶质细胞炎症因子的下调作用

探讨槲皮素对LPS刺激的小胶质细胞炎症因子的下调作用。用不同浓度的槲皮素处理细菌脂多糖(LPS)诱导过的BV2小胶质细胞,观察不同浓度的槲皮素对炎症因子:一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α绿)以及白介素-1β(IL-1β)的抑制效果。槲皮素在10μm、20μm、30μm时可降低炎症因子NO、TNF-α绿以及IL-1β的产生,与LPS组相比只加10μmol/L槲皮素处理:NO下降17.26%,IL-1β下降21.21%,TNF-α绿下降18.93%;20μmol/L槲皮素处理:NO下降45.18%,IL-1β下降35.45%,TNF-α绿下降37.77%;30μmol/L槲皮素处理:NO下降72.59%,IL-1β下降57.59%,TNF-α绿下降62.32%。但只在20μmol/L、30μmol/L槲皮素处理时与LPS组相比NO、TNF-α绿以及IL-1β的下降有统计学差异(p0.05)。与上述相同与LPS组相比槲皮素为10μmol/L、20μmol/L、30μmol/L时可降低炎症因子TNF-α绿以及IL-1βm RNA的产生,10μmol/L槲皮素处理:IL-1βmRNA下降16.88%,TNF-α绿mRNA下降14.88%;20μmol/L槲皮素处理:IL-1βmRNA下降38.96%,TNF-α绿mRNA下降37.16%;30μmol/L槲皮素处理IL-1βmRNA下降55.49%,TNF-α绿mRNA下降54.38%。但只在20μmol/L、30μmol/L槲皮素处理时TNF-α绿以及IL-1β的mRNA下降有统计学差异(p0.05)。槲皮素对LPS刺激的小胶质细胞炎症因子有一定的下调作用,其抗炎机制可能与下调NO、TNF-α绿以及IL-1β的产生有关。     

高浓度葡萄糖对体外培养大鼠胰岛细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨高浓度葡萄糖对体外培养大鼠胰岛细胞凋亡的影响及作用机制。方法:SD大鼠胰岛细胞原代培养,不同浓度的葡萄糖处理后,采用MTT比色法检测细胞存活率,Hoechst-PI染色观察细胞凋亡,电镜观察细胞超微结构改变,RT-PCR方法检测Bax及Bcl-2相关基因mRNA表达水平。结果:5.5 mmol·L~(-1),11.1 mmol·L~(-1)和22.2 mmol·L~(-1)葡萄糖处理后,胰岛细胞活性分别下降到78.08%±2.29%、58.39%±3.13%和36.05%±2.63%,与阴性对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);Hoechst-PI染色结果显示随着葡萄糖作用浓度的增加,凋亡细胞数量也增加;RT-PCR显示胰岛细胞经不同浓度葡萄糖处理后,Bax mRNA的表达明显上调,Bcl-2 mRNA表达下调(P0.05);电镜观察结果显示随着葡萄糖作用浓度的增加,胰岛细胞超微结构损害程度依次加重。结论:高浓度葡萄糖能明显引起胰岛细胞活性的下降,诱导凋亡反应的发生,凋亡机制与Bcl-2家族蛋白相关。     

生地黄对内毒素诱导的急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的:以中医辨证论治为基础,研究生地黄对急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome,ALI/ARDS)的干预作用。方法:将大鼠分为对照组、模型组、生地黄预防组、生地黄治疗组,通过气管注射脂多糖(LPS)制备大鼠ALI/ARDS模型,酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)中肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)含量的变化,考马斯亮蓝法测定BALF中总蛋白含量,BALF细胞悬浮液离心涂片Giemsa染色后光镜下细胞分类计数,H.E.染色肺部组织并通过光镜观察其形态学变化,分析生地黄水提物对ALI的保护作用。结果:生地黄干预组BALF中TNF-α、IL-6含量明显降低(P0.0),蛋白含量明显降低(P0.0),中性粒细胞数(Polymorphonuclear cells,PMN)和炎症细胞总数明显降低(P0.0),肺部病理损伤减轻。结论:生地黄对ALI可能具有保护作用,对ALI/ARDS可能具有潜在的治疗价值。     

大肠埃希菌感染小鼠外周血中性粒细胞与 淋巴细胞比值的动态变化

目的通过观察大肠埃希菌感染小鼠模型不同时间段外周血中,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值的动态变化,分析外周血中中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与大肠埃希菌感染炎症程度的关系,以及中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞在大肠埃希菌感染时的可能作用机制。方法将麦氏浊度为2.73约为1×109CFU/m L大肠埃希菌通过尾静脉注射建立ICR小鼠感染模型44只、空白对照4只及阴性对照4只。实验组按1、3、6、12、24、48、72、96、120、144和168 h,共11个时间段,每次取4只小鼠,抽取外周血800μL,利用SYSMEX2100检查白细胞总数、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值变化情况。结果大肠埃希菌ICR小鼠感染组1~24 h白细胞总数比对照组降低(0.01P0.05),第2天时与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,第3天至第7天白细胞总数比对照组高且差异有统计学意义(P0.01),并在第7天时略有回落;感染组中性粒细胞计数值在感染12 h到第7天比对照组高,差异有统计学意义;中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对照组为0.06±0.03,感染1 h为0.07±0.04,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),3 h、6 h两组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(0.01P0.05),12 h开始到第7天感染组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,且第7天时为最高值(1.52±0.38)。结论中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值,比白细胞总数计数、中性粒细胞计数在大肠埃希ICR小鼠感染模型组中判断小鼠感染状况敏感,中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值结合白细胞总数计数、中性粒细胞计数能为临床大肠埃希菌感染的状况提供更灵敏的诊断参考数据,且易在临床推广。     

姜黄素对宫颈癌细胞生长与增殖的影响研究

目的:探究姜黄素(Curcumin)对宫颈癌细胞He La生长与增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法:体外培养He La细胞,以0μmol·L~(-1)、5μmol·L~(-1)、10μmol·L~(-1)和20μmol·L~(-1)等不同浓度的姜黄素处理He La细胞;通过MTT和平板克隆实验,研究姜黄素对He La细胞生长与增殖的影响;通过免疫荧光共聚焦显微镜技术,研究姜黄素与上游结合因子(Upstream binding factor,UBF)在细胞中的定位情况;通过实时定量聚合酶链式反应(Q-PCR)实验,研究姜黄素对He La细胞核仁r DNA转录的影响;利用Western blot技术,研究姜黄素对He La细胞中UBF磷酸化的影响。结果:姜黄素对He La细胞有明显的生长抑制作用,并呈现出剂量依赖关系;姜黄素降低r DNA的转录水平,下调UBF磷酸化的量,且和UBF在核仁中存在共定位现象。结论:r DNA转录水平的降低和p-UBF的下调可能是姜黄素抑制He La细胞生长和增殖的作用途径之一。     

EGCG对H2O2诱导HLE细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨表没食子酸酯(EGCG)对体外培养的人晶状体上皮(human lens epithelial,HLE)细胞氧化损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法:HLE细胞传代培养,分为阴性对照组:以正常培养液培养;氧化损伤组:100μmol·L~(-1)的H_2O_2作用12 h;EGCG低浓度组:10μmol·L~(-1)EGCG孵育24 h后,加入H_2O_2作用12 h;EGCG高浓度组:100μmol·L~(-1)EGCG孵育24 h后,加入H_2O_2作用12 h。MTT比色法检测细胞活力,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,Hochest33258染色观察凋亡细胞形态,比色法检测凋亡相关因子caspses-3及caspase-9的表达。结果:EGCG能明显抑制H_2O_2诱导的HLE细胞活力的下降,用不同浓度EGCG处理后,HLE细胞活性分别提高到51.00%±2.37%和63.67%±2.29%,与氧化损伤组(40.33%±2.86%)比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);经不同浓度EGCG处理后,HLE细胞凋亡率分别下降至33.33±3.12%和22.80±1.67%,与氧化损伤组(43.03±2.43%)比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);此外,EGCG还能明显减少H_2O_2所致HLE细胞内caspses-3及caspase-9的表达。结论:EGCG通过抑制caspses-3及caspase-9的表达有效抑制了H_2O_2对HLE细胞的损伤,从而为其用于治疗HLE细胞损伤提供可靠的实验依据。     

壬基酚对金鱼（Carassiusauratus ）胚胎发育毒性的初步研究

目的:观察环境激素壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)对金鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应。方法:在繁殖季节选取雌雄健康成年金鱼,采用人工受精的方法获取金鱼受精卵于23℃培养箱孵育。将正常发育的囊胚早期金鱼胚胎(50枚胚胎/培养皿)分别暴露在1μmol·L~(-1)、4μmol·L~(-1)、8μmol·L~(-1)、12μmol·L~(-1)和16μmol·L~(-1)的NP实验液中,设空白对照。通过显微成像技术观察NP暴露对金鱼胚胎发育形态、不同发育阶段胚胎死亡率、受精后72小时(72 hpf)孵化率及畸形率的影响。从原肠期开始每隔12 h观察一次。结果:低浓度NP主要影响金鱼胚胎晚期发育,使其尾部脊索弯曲上翘;高浓度NP可导致金鱼胚胎卵凝结、发育延迟、组织坏死、尾部卷曲、体轴缩短并出现血栓。各发育阶段胚胎死亡率和72 hpf畸形率随NP浓度升高而增加,72 hpf孵化率则随NP浓度升高而降低;NP对金鱼胚胎24 h、48 h、72 h的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为:16.28μmol·L~(-1)、8.27μmol·L~(-1)和6.52μmol·L~(-1)。结论:NP对金鱼胚胎具有明显发育毒性,金鱼胚胎对低浓度NP也具有较高敏感性,在评价环境激素胚胎发育毒性方面具有潜在应用价值。     

红霉素对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠ICAM-1、MMP-9的表达影响

目的:观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)大鼠肺组织中ICAM-1及MMP-9的表达及红霉素的干预作用。方法:复制COPD大鼠模型,并用红霉素干预,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液行细胞学计数和分类检查;采用HE染色观察病理形态变化;免疫组化法检测大鼠支气管肺组织ICAM-1、MMP-9的表达。结果:与模型组比较,干预组支气管肺组织中ICAM-1、MMP-9表达显著降低;模型组中ICAM-1、MMP-9的表达与BALF中白细胞总数及中性粒细胞数成正相关;ICAM-1与MMP-9的表达成正相关。结论:COPD大鼠肺组织中的ICAM-1、MMP-9表达明显升高,可能与COPD的发病机制有关;红霉素可降低ICAM-1、MMP-9的表达,可能是红霉素在COPD中抗炎症反应的作用机制之一。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418