长链非编码RNA研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一类长度超过200nt的非编码RNA分子,通过信号分子、诱饵分子、引导分子、支架分子等4种方式在转录水平和转录后水平调控基因的表达。lncRNAs的表达水平相对于蛋白编码基因较低,但它们在X染色体沉默、基因组印迹、染色体修饰、转录激活、转录干扰以及核内运输等方面具有重要的功能。相对于研究较多的非编码小RNA,lncRNAs的功能目前尚不完全清楚。该文从lncRNAs的起源、分类、分子机制、功能和进化等方面综述了lncRNAs的研究进展,为进一步探究lncRNAs的功能和作用机制提供依据。     

长非编码RNAs在表观遗传上的作用

长非编码RNAs(long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一类长度超过200 nt的功能性RNA分子。随着测序技术的发展,越来越多的lncRNAs在哺乳动物中被发现。近年来对部分lncRNAs的功能研究显示,lncRNAs通过多种机制调节蛋白编码基因的表达水平,其中,lncRNAs对蛋白编码基因的表观遗传调节作用尤为重要,如lncRNAs可以调控靶基因的DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰,同时,lncRNAs自身又受到表观遗传修饰的影响。文章就lncRNAs在表观遗传上的作用做一综述。     

长链非编码RNA在头颈部肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度大于200个核苷酸的、缺少特异完整的开放阅读框、极少有蛋白编码功能的非编码RNA。研究表明lncRNA是参与基因表达的关键调控分子,从表观遗传、转录及转录后等多种水平调控相关靶基因的表达。近年来lncRNA在头颈部疾病中的研究开始受到关注。现就lncRNA在头颈部肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。     

植物长链非编码RNA的生物信息学预测与分析研究进展

长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一类广泛存在于真核生物中,长度大于200个核苷酸、无蛋白编码功能,具有调控基因转录后表达的RNA转录本。新近研究表明,lncRNA在多种生物途径中起着重要调节作用。生物信息学由生物、数学、计算机科学,统计学等多学科交叉产生,能从全局和系统水平对大数据信息进行深入挖掘与分析。采用生物信息学方法预测与分析lncRNA是当前发现和鉴定植物lncRNA的重要策略之一。本文梳理和总结了近年来采用生物信息学预测植物lncRNA及其靶基因的方法策略,以期为今后深入认知植物lncRNA在植物的生长发育过程、抗逆境胁迫及系统进化等过程中的作用研究提供一定参考。     

线粒体LncRNA

长链非编码RNA（long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs）是一类长度大于200个核苷酸的非蛋白质编码RNA。绝大多数lncRNA来源于核基因组。但近年研究发现,一些lncRNA是由线粒体基因组编码、转录而成,或定位于线粒体。本文将从线粒体lncRNA的发现与主要种类、线粒体lncRNA的加工和结构,以及它们的功能和应用等几个方面,对线粒体lncRNA进行阐述。线粒体lncRNA可能成为心血管疾病或肿瘤诊断的生物标志物,或在调控线粒体基因表达等方面发挥重要功能。     

长链非编码RNA在肺癌中的研究进展

长链非编码RNAs(long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)是一种长度大于200 nt,无编码蛋白质功能的RNA分子。lncRNAs在转录和转录后不同层面调控基因的表达,进而参与细胞的生长、分化和凋亡等生命过程。近年来的研究显示,异常表达的lnc RNAs与肺癌的发生发展密切相关,有望成为肺癌诊断中有效的生物标志物。因此,对lncRNAs的深入研究有助于阐明肺癌发生发展的分子机制,为肺癌的诊断和治疗提供新靶点。     

大豆长链非编码RNA lncRNA77580转基因材料的转录组分析

长链非编码RNAs(lncRNAs,long non-coding RNAs)是长度在200个核苷酸以上的功能性RNA分子,在植物的生长发育及逆境应答中发挥重要调控功能。前期研究发现一个大豆盐胁迫响应lncRNA,称其为lncRNA77580,它的大片段缺失和过表达影响其邻近蛋白编码基因的表达。本研究通过lncRNA77580转基因材料的转录组分析,探究lncRNA77580可能的功能及调控网络。在大豆发状根中过表达lncRNA77580,转基因复合体表现为盐敏感;利用dual-sgRNA/Cas9成功实现lncRNA77580大于4 kb的大片段敲除,突变效率为12.5%。利用lncRNA77580转基因材料进行RNA-seq分析发现,lncRNA77580过表达和大片段缺失显著改变了转基因发状根的基因表达谱。差异表达基因（DEGs,differentially expressed genes）GO和KEGG富集分析表明,lncRNA77580过表达或敲除主要影响了大量转录因子和信号传导类基因的差异表达,这些差异表达基因与植物逆境应答及生长发育密切相关。上述结果说明lncRNA775...     

长链非编码RNA的生物学功能和研究方法

长链非编码RNA(long-noncoding RNA,lncRNA)是一类长度大于200nt的非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA),不具有编码蛋白质的功能,直接以RNA的形式发挥作用,以诱饵分子、信号分子、引导分子和支架分子的方式在转录水平和转录后水平调节蛋白质编码基因的表达,参与细胞分化和个体发育等生命过程。lncRNA存在普遍的转录现象,但与蛋白质编码基因相比表达水平较低。基因组测序结果显示生物体内仅有少量的编码基因,绝大部分基因以非编码的形式存在于动物和植物体内起调控作用。近年来以miRNA和siRNA为代表的ncRNA的研究已经取得了丰硕的成果,而lncRNA的研究才刚刚开始,但是已经有研究表明lncRNA有广泛的生物学功能,如染色体修饰、X染色体沉默、干扰或激活转录和核内运输等。以转录组测序、微阵列和荧光原位杂交为代表的研究方法也在发展完善。     

长链非编码RNA顺式调节作用机制的研究进展

长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)种类众多,生物学功能复杂,与不同的分子相互作用,实现其特有的基因调控功能。可参与细胞核染色质结构的调控、m RNA的转录及转录后的加工运输、蛋白质的翻译等过程。此外,lncRNAs在邻近基因或靶基因的顺式调节机制中也发挥了重要作用,本综述主要对近年来lncRNAs通过顺式调节作用影响基因表达的机制进行综述。     

lncRNAs在心血管疾病发生中的作用

长链非编码RNA（long noncoding RNAs, lncRNAs）可以在多个阶段干扰基因表达和信号途径。在心血管系统,内皮表达的lncRNAs,如MALAT1和Tie 1 AS可以调节血管生长和功能。平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞中富含的迁移或分化相关的lncRNAs可调控平滑肌细胞收缩表型。在严重心肌梗塞和心衰时,一些lncRNAs表达水平发生调节,如Novlnc6和Nhrt。还有一些lncRNAs参与调节心肌细胞肥大、线粒体功能和心肌细胞凋亡。本文总结了lncRNA在心血管疾病中的研究进展,期待为更有效的治疗心血管疾病开发新的方向。     

miRNAs调控lincRNAs的生物信息学预测与功能分析

基因间长链非编码RNAs(Long intergenic non-coding RNAs, lincRNAs)是位于蛋白编码基因之间的长度超过200 nt的非编码RNAs, 在动物中参与细胞周期调控、免疫监视、胚胎干细胞分化等多种生物学过程, 但是lincRNAs在大多数植物中的功能尚不清楚。MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是真核生物中一类在转录水平和转录后水平介导基因沉默的21 nt左右的内源性单链小非编码RNAs分子, 通过序列互补的方式调控靶标基因的表达。目前miRNAs的靶标研究主要集中于编码蛋白的基因, 而对于靶标为非编码RNAs的研究较少, 尤其在植物中的研究更为少见。为了系统挖掘植物中lincRNAs的功能, 文章整合miRNAs数据、cDNAs数据和降解组数据, 利用生物信息学方法找到拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)337个成熟miRNAs在2708个lincRNAs上的可能结合位点, 构建了miRNAs-mRNAs-lincRNAs调控网络, 并根据竞争性内源(ceRNA)假说预测lincRNAs的功能, 为进一步阐明植物中miRNAs对lincRNAs的调控机制以及lincRNAs的功能奠定了基础。     

A novel long noncoding RNA FAF inhibits apoptosis via upregulating FGF9 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ischemia–hypoxia cardiomyocytes

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly considered to play an important role in the pathological process of various cardiovascular diseases, which often bind to the proximal promoters of the protein-coding gene to regulate the protein expression. However, the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in cardiomyocytes have not been fully elucidated. High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to identify the differently expressed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) between acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats and healthy controls. One novel lncRNA FGF9-associated factor (termed FAF) and mRNAs in AMI rats were verified by bioinformatics, real-time polymerase chain reaction or western blot. Moreover, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed to determine the location of lncRNA. Subsequently, a series of in vitro assays were used to observe the functions of lncRNA FAF in cardiomyocytes. The expression of lncRNA FAF and FGF9 were remarkably decreased in ischemia–hypoxia cardiomyocytes and heart tissues of AMI rats. Overexpression of FAF could significantly inhibit cardiomyocytes apoptosis induced by ischemia and hypoxia. Conversely, knockdown of lncRNA FAF could promote apoptosis in ischemia–hypoxia cardiomyocytes. Moreover, overexpression of lncRNA FAF could also increase the expression of FGF9. Knockdown of the FGF9 expression could promote apoptosis in cardiomyocytes with the insult of ischemia and hypoxia, which was consistent with the effect of lncRNA FAF overexpression on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, FGF9 inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis through activating signaling tyrosine kinase FGFR2 via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Thus, lncRNA FAF plays a protective role in ischemia–hypoxia cardiomyocytes and may serve as a treatment target for AMI.     

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)及其在昆虫学研究中的进展

长链非编码RNA（long noncoding RNA, lncRNA）是一类转录本长度超过200 nt的非编码RNA,主要通过转录调控和转录后调控调节基因的表达,也可通过影响蛋白质定位和端粒复制发挥其强大的生物学功能。本文在介绍lncRNA的特征、分类及其主要作用机制的基础上,综述了有关昆虫lncRNA的鉴定及功能研究等方面的最新进展。近5年来已经从黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster、小菜蛾Plutella xylostella和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens等8种昆虫中鉴定出了大量lncRNA,为进一步研究lncRNA在昆虫生长发育过程中的功能奠定了重要基础。非编码RNA参与调控害虫抗药性的分子机制已经成为昆虫毒理学研究的一个新兴领域,因此本文对有关lncRNA与害虫抗药性关系的最新研究进展也做了介绍。     

长链非编码RNA的功能与疾病治疗的潜力

人类基因组转录本长度>200 nt（核苷酸）、不编码蛋白质的RNA分子为长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)。lncRNA可在多个层面调节基因表达,其功能失调与包括肿瘤在内的很多人类疾病密切相关。本文概述lncRNA的种类、功能与疾病的关系,讨论基于lncRNA基因编辑、干细胞修饰及其与miRNA、蛋白质相互作用等的治疗潜能。     

LINC01101 and LINC00277 expression levels as novel factors in HPV‐induced cervical neoplasia

Recently long non‐coding RNAs were identified as new factors involved in gene expression regulation. To gain insight into expression pattern of these factors related to E7 HPV18 oncogene, this study uses HeLa cell culture transfected with E7‐siRNA. Gene expression profile was investigated using microarray analysis. After analysing the microarray results, we identified 15,387 RNA species differentially expressed in E7‐siRNA‐transfected cells compared with controls (fold change >2). The expression profiles of lncRNA species highlighted 731 lncRNAs and 203 lincRNAs. We selected two lincRNAs (LINC01101 and LINC00277) and we evaluated the expression profile in HPV‐induced neoplasia. Both lincRNAs investigated display a significantly reduced pattern of expression in cervical lesions and cancer, associated with clinical parameters. A connection between HPV presence and lincRNAs was noted. hrHPV‐positive samples exhibit significantly reduced LINC01101 and LINC00277 expression level (P < 0.05). These results provide new insights into involvement of lncRNA in HPV‐induced cervical cancer, enriching our understanding of their potential role in this pathology.     

Long non‐coding RNA F11‐AS1 inhibits HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating NR1I3 via binding to microRNA‐211‐5p

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could regulate growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of lncRNA F11‐AS1 in hepatitis B virus (HBV)–related HCC. The relation of lncRNA F11‐AS1 expression in HBV‐related HCC tissues to prognosis was analysed in silico. Stably HBV‐expressing HepG2.2.15 cells were established to explore the regulation of lncRNA F11‐AS1 by HBx protein, as well as to study the effects of overexpressed lncRNA F11‐AS1 on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in vitro. Subsequently, the underlying interactions and roles of lncRNA F11‐AS1/miR‐211‐5p/NR1I3 axis in HBV‐related HCC were investigated. Additionally, the influence of lncRNA F11‐AS1 and miR‐211‐5p on tumour growth and metastasis capacity of HepG2.2.15 cells were studied on tumour‐bearing nude mice. Poor expression of lncRNA F11‐AS1 was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HBV‐related HCC, and its down‐regulation was caused by the HBx protein. lncRNA F11‐AS1 was proved to up‐regulate the NR1I3 expression by binding to miR‐211‐5p. Overexpression of lncRNA F11‐AS1 reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion, yet induced apoptosis of HepG2.2.15 cells in vitro, which could be abolished by overexpression of miR‐211‐5p. Additionally, either lncRNA F11‐AS1 overexpression or miR‐211‐5p inhibition attenuated the tumour growth and metastasis capacity of HepG2.2.15 cells in vivo. Collectively, lncRNA F11‐AS1 acted as a modulator of miR‐211‐5p to positively regulate the expression of NR1I3, and the lncRNA F11‐AS1/miR‐211‐5p/NR1I3 axis participated in HBV‐related HCC progression via interference with the cellular physiology of HCC.