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本研究通过对挺水植物和浮叶植物微生物群落的分解代谢能力和分解代谢谱的分析,以实现对挺水植物和浮叶植物在湿地景观中的应用探究。在挺水植物和浮叶植物中,根据湿地存在不同植物的物种或组合不同会产生不同景观。本实验将苏北湿地的挺水植物与浮叶植物作为研究对象,使用四种不同的植物物种建立了自由漂浮植物系统处理湿地中生物:菖蒲(L)、荷花(S)、睡莲(E)和田子萍(P)。自由漂浮植物组被安排为单一栽培(一种植物种)、双栽培(两种不同的植物种;所有可能的配对)或四种栽培(每种植物种)。使用稀释的养殖场污泥流出物,每周两次用20 L再生废水喂养自由漂浮植物系统。使用群落级生理剖面法(CLPP)在4个月的操作期后评估每个中胚层中的微生物群落。据观察,单一栽培湿地系统具有不同的分解代谢活性和分解代谢丰富度。本研究还发现来自单一栽培生物群的微生物群落的碳源利用模式彼此明显不同,并且混养群落与相应的单一栽培对应物不同。 相似文献
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张冰烨;黄法铭;孙宁;谢培;孙明东;乔飞 《生态学杂志》2025,44(3):790-797
挺水植物腐解时会释放氮、磷等营养物质到水体中;进而影响到湿地水体水质、生态系统的稳定性;甚至湿地的碳素与物质循环等。开展挺水植物腐解规律研究对探究自然水体营养物质循环过程具有重要意义。选取衡水湖中2种挺水植物优势种芦苇(Phragmites australis)和香蒲(Typha latifolia)作为对象;定量研究不同氮浓度水平下典型挺水植物的腐解规律;探讨不同条件下挺水植物腐解过程的营养物质释放对水质的影响。结果表明:芦苇和香蒲腐解残留率和对水质影响存在差异;两者腐解过程具有明显的阶段性;植物残留率表现为“前期快、后期慢”的阶段性特征;高氮条件下能够在前期提升两种植物残体分解速率20%左右;但并不影响植物的最终腐解率;腐解水体水质指标表现为“缓慢上升-迅速上升-缓慢下降”的变化趋势;芦苇腐解对水质的影响明显高于香蒲腐解;但高氮条件未对水体营养物质浓度造成明显影响。 相似文献
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以塔里木盆地胡杨3种典型异形叶(条形叶、卵形叶与锯齿阔卵形叶)为材料,利用光合与叶绿素荧光测定技术测量胡杨异形叶气体交换与叶绿素荧光动力学参数,探讨异形叶光合机构对太阳辐射光能的利用、能量分配与耗散特性及影响其光合能力的主要因素,揭示胡杨异形叶光合生理功能的差异与生理生态适应机制。结果表明:(1)晴天正午胡杨异形叶净光合速率(P_n)、PSⅡ有效光化学量子效率(F_v′/F_m′)、实际光化学量子效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))、光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著降低,而PSⅡ激发能压力(1-qP)、光合功能相对限制(L_(PFD))则显著增大,至傍晚F_v′/F_m′、Φ_(PSⅡ)、qP与光化学反应能量(P)恢复,表明荒漠强太阳辐射导致正午胡杨异形叶光合作用发生了光抑制,但并未造成PSⅡ反应中心的不可逆破坏。(2)3种异形叶采取了不同的适应方式来适应荒漠强光环境。卵形叶通过提高光能捕获与转化效率、光化学反应能量来保持叶片高光合能力以消耗多余能量、降低过剩激发能对光合机构的影响;锯齿叶通过保持高光合电子传递能力来缓解光合膜上的还原态压力并以热耗散清除过剩激发能,二者协同保护光合机构免受强光损伤从而维持较高的P_n;条形叶不耐强光,但可以通过降低光能捕获与转化效率并将吸收的光能更多用于热能和荧光辐射耗散过剩激发能来适应强光环境。(3)逐步回归分析表明,锯齿叶光合能力主要受PSⅡ反应中心光合电子传递速率和非光化学猝灭过程中的非辐射能量耗散的影响;卵形叶、条形叶分别受PSⅡ反应中心光能捕获与转化效率和非光化学猝灭过程中的过剩激发能耗散的影响。综上所述,胡杨异形叶在生长发育过程中采取了不同的生态策略来适应荒漠环境。 相似文献
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选取入侵植物三裂叶蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata)及其本地近缘种蟛蜞菊(W. chinensis)为实验材料,比较干旱和复水后二者叶片的叶绿素荧光特性和抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的变化规律,探讨入侵种三裂叶蟛蜞菊对干旱的响应和生态适应性.结果发现,在自然干旱处理过程中,入侵种三裂叶蟛蜞菊与本地种蟛蜞菊相比土壤含水量下降较快,对它们叶片气孔形态的比较发现,干旱胁迫11d后三裂叶蟛蜞菊叶片气孔开度明显大于蟛蜞菊,这可能是导致其失水较快的原因之一.干旱胁迫11d后三裂叶蟛蜞菊的PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)降低了43.8%,而蟛蜞菊只降低了3.7%;同时,与蟛蜞菊相比,三裂叶蟛蜞菊的PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(Yield)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)也表现出较大幅度的降低,说明三裂叶蟛蜞菊对干旱胁迫较敏感;但复水后,三裂叶蟛蜞菊能够较快地恢复到正常水平,且与本地种不存在显著差异.这主要是由于入侵种在遭受干旱胁迫时提高了对其过量激发能的热耗散能力以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸还原酶(APX)的活性,保护光合机构少受不可逆的损伤,使其在干旱胁迫解除后光合功能得以迅速恢复.研究结果初步表明三裂叶蟛蜞菊容易受到水分条件的限制,它向干旱地区扩散的可能性较小. 相似文献
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堇叶紫金牛是一种特产于浙江和台湾的珍稀濒危植物.为了解堇叶紫金牛对光的需求及适应规律,本文研究了不同光照强度(遮阴率90%、60%、25%及全光照)对其光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明: 全光照条件下堇叶紫金牛净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(gs)日变化曲线均呈“双峰型”,出现光合“午休现象”,而遮阴处理下均呈“单峰型”.随遮阴率的增加,堇叶紫金牛叶片Pn和表观量子效率(AQY)均呈先升高后降低的趋势,光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)均呈降低趋势,gs、蒸腾速率(Tr)、原初光能转换率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)均呈升高趋势.遮阴造成叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量的增加和Chl a/b的降低.遮阴率25%条件下,堇叶紫金牛根冠比(R/T)和比叶重(LMA)均达到最大值.堇叶紫金牛对不同光环境表现出较强的适应性和可塑性,表明光照不足不是其野外种群致濒的主要原因. 相似文献
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比较研究了两年生胡杨和灰叶胡杨叶片的光合及叶绿素荧光特性.结果表明:胡杨和灰叶胡杨均表现出净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈单峰曲线,只是在12:00时胡杨的Pn略微降低;气孔导度日变化均呈单峰型曲线;胞间CO2浓度日变化呈近“V”字型曲线.相同的试验条件下,胡杨的净光合速率、气孔导度高于灰叶胡杨,净光合速率与气孔导度峰值出现在上午10:00时;胡杨胞间CO2浓度低于灰叶胡杨,胞间CO2浓度最低值均出现在中午14:00时.经充分暗适应后的叶片叶绿素荧光参数初始荧光、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率和PSⅡ潜在活性均为胡杨显著大于灰叶胡杨.以太阳光为光化学光,测定的叶绿素荧光参数日变化显示,胡杨PSⅡ实际的光化学反应量子效率、非循环电子传递速率、光化学猝灭系数均大于灰叶胡杨,而非光化学猝灭系数却较灰叶胡杨小.胡杨与灰叶胡杨在光合与叶绿素荧光特性上的差异,是胡杨更能适应干旱荒漠区高光、高温与低相对空气湿度环境,从而表现出高净光合速率的部分生理学原因之一. 相似文献
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云南高原湖滨带3种挺水植物对水体N的净化能力及响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以云南常见湖滨带挺水植物水葱、芦苇、茭草为待试植物,通过静水培养试验,分析了3种湖滨带挺水植物在TN浓度为10~10.5mg·L-1污水中的生长特征及其与净化能力的相互关系.研究表明,植物的生长、生理反应和净化能力间有较好的相关性,水葱、茭草和芦苇的相对生长速率分别为0.0023/d、0.0012/d和0.0017/d,水葱株高增长率为茭草的1.4倍,芦苇的1.84倍,水葱的生长量为(干重)3.53g,为芦苇的1.76倍,茭草的2.22倍;对N的累积能力分别比芦苇和茭草高1.1倍和1.3倍,对氮的同化利用率显著高于芦苇和茭草.水葱、芦苇、茭草对污水氮的净化率分别为86.59%、76.32%和74.83%,对氮的吸收率分别为23.81%、8.55%、11.30%;电导率和MDA比值分别为1.136,2.214和1.413;0.962,1.629和2.06,水葱均表现出较好的净化效果和较强的抗逆性.结果表明,植物对环境的适应及功能的发挥,一方面取决于自身的生物学特性,另一方面受生长环境的影响,环境胁迫导致其生长不良,不能有效发挥其湖滨水体净化功能. 相似文献
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为探究不同水生植物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)含量及其化学计量比随季节的变化特征,本研究以上海金泽水库库区四种典型挺水植物旱伞草(Cyperus alternifolius),芦苇(Phragmites australis),千屈菜(Lythrum salicaria),水葱(Scirpus validus)为例,开展了季节性取样及室内分析,结果显示:(1)四种植物碳氮磷含量的变化规律不同。其中,对于植物碳含量,旱伞草和芦苇均无显著差异,千屈菜和水葱仅在冬季显著降低。对于植物氮含量,除旱伞草外,其他植物均在春季生长初期显著降低,在夏季生长旺盛时期显著升高,而旱伞草四季无显著差异。对于植物磷含量,水葱在四季均无显著差异,芦苇和千屈菜在冬季植物休眠期显著降低,旱伞草和芦苇磷含量在夏季显著降低。(2)四种植物C/N/P的季节性变化特征不同。其中,旱伞草C/N四季间无显著差异,其他3种植物C/N在春季生长初期显著升高;在C/P方面,水葱四季间无显著差异,芦苇和千屈菜在春季显著降低,旱伞草和芦苇C/P在夏季显著升高;常绿植物旱伞草N/P在四季无显著差异,其他3种植物N/P均在冬季生物量低时显著升... 相似文献
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以4种李属彩叶植物紫叶李、紫叶矮樱、黑杆樱李和美人梅4年生嫁接苗为试材,对其叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷含量及叶色参数(L·、a·、b·)进行了测定分析.结果表明:(1)随着季节的变化, 4种李属彩叶植物色素含量表现出基本相似的波动趋势,并以黑杆樱李的花色素苷含量在季节间较为稳定且极显著高于其他3种植物(P<0.01),而美人梅的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量在在季节间较为稳定且显著低于其余植物(P<0.05); 4种植物中各色素含量比例不尽相同且随着季节而变化,但黑杆樱李的比值较稳定且花色素苷比例始终最高,叶片保持紫红色,而美人梅的各色素比值变化较大,叶片呈现紫红-绿-红的变化过程.(2)4种李属彩叶植物的叶色参数(L·、a·、b·)也随季节发生波动,并以黑杆樱李相对稳定,美人梅的变化幅度较大,而且各树种之间的a·和b·值差异分别达到显著水平(P<0.05)和极显著水平(P<0.01).(3)4种植物叶片 a·值与叶绿素含量、花色素苷含量均呈显著或极显著的正相关性,而L·值和b·值与叶绿素含量、花色素苷含量、类胡萝卜素含量的相关性因树种而异.研究发现,4种李属彩叶植物的色素含量及其比值随季节发生波动的幅度不尽相同,叶片花色素苷含量比例的高-低-高变化使叶色呈现红-绿-红的过渡;花色素苷含量和叶绿素含量的高低决定着a·值大小,但它们并不是影响L·和b·值的主要因素. 相似文献
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采用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统对夏秋季典型城区与郊区环境下大叶黄杨的气体交换和叶绿素荧光特性进行了现场实验比较研究.研究显示,叶片净光合速率的大小由总光合速率(光合能力)和呼吸速率共同决定,城区环境温度较高、相对湿度较低、大气CO2浓度较高, 不同月份城区和郊区样点大叶黄杨的净光合速率差异显著性存在不同.城区环境下大叶黄杨的胞间CO2浓度、叶面水气压亏缺、蒸腾速率高于郊区环境.城区环境中温度、大气CO2浓度等的变化会影响叶片呼吸作用,造成呼吸速率升高或是降低,城区环境中污染物浓度变化也会损伤叶片光合结构从而导致总光合能力降低,这两者都会引起净光合速率的变化.通过大叶黄杨叶片叶绿素荧光指标的进一步对比分析发现,城区大叶黄杨叶片叶绿素总量、叶绿素a/b、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qP、ΦPSⅡ、ETR降低,但qN升高.表明叶片叶绿体PSⅡ的功能受到负面影响.城区大叶黄杨叶片荧光参数的变化,从微观机制上表明城区环境中污染物浓度的上升导致叶绿素及叶绿体光合结构受损的确是叶片光合能力下降的主要原因之一. 相似文献
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分析了太湖沉水植物、浮叶植物组织及生长环境中的N、P含量,结果表明:太湖沉水植物组织N、P含量一般要高于浮叶植物组织,5月的N、P含量(以干重计)一般高于9月。5月以沉水植物微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)的N(28.452 mg?g-1)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)的P(4.552 mg&;#8226;g-1)含量最高,浮叶植物荇菜(Nymphoides peltatum)的N(14.363 mg&;#8226;g-1)、P(1.792 mg&;#8226;g-1)含量均为最低;9月以沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)的N(25.206 mg&;#8226;g-1)、P(2.727 mg&;#8226;g-1)含量最高,浮叶植物荇菜的N(17.245 mg&;#8226;g-1) 、P(1.519 mg&;#8226;g-1)含量均最低。沉水和浮叶植物的N、P含量与水体N、P浓度的相关性较为显著;与沉积物N、P的相关性不明显。此外,植物体内的N、P含量亦与植物物种的特性、生长发育阶段和生长状况等内在因素密切相关。 相似文献
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Experimental investigations of ozone (O3) effects on plants have commonly used short, acute [O3] exposure (>100 ppb, on the order of hours), while in field crops damage is more likely caused by chronic exposure (<100 ppb, on the order of weeks). How different are the O3 effects induced by these two fumigation regimes? The leaf‐level photosynthetic response of soybean to acute [O3] (400 ppb, 6 h) and chronic [O3] (90 ppb, 8 h d?1, 28 d) was contrasted via simultaneous in vivo measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging (CFI) and gas exchange. Both exposure regimes lowered leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake about 40% and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (Fq′/Fm′) by 20% compared with controls, but this decrease was far more spatially heterogeneous in the acute treatment. Decline in Fq′/Fm′ in the acute treatment resulted equally from decreases in the maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv′/Fm′) and the proportion of open PSII centres (Fq′/Fv′), but in the chronic treatment decline in Fq′/Fm′ resulted only from decrease in Fq′/Fv′. Findings suggest that acute and chronic [O3] exposures do not induce identical mechanisms of O3 damage within the leaf, and using one fumigation method alone is not sufficient for understanding the full range of mechanisms of O3 damage to photosynthetic production in the field. 相似文献
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彩叶植物具有色彩鲜艳、观赏期长等特点,有助于提高城市绿化的观赏性.叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素等天然色素的含量变化使叶片产生绿色、黄色、白色和紫红色等颜色,3种色素在光反应、响应生物和非生物胁迫中发挥重要作用.本文对影响叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和花青素生物合成途径遗传调控和外部环境因子综述,为解释叶片呈色机制提供理论基础.现有... 相似文献
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Effect of light and predator abundance on the habitat choice of plant-attached zooplankton 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1. The diurnal variations in the habitat choice of the periodically plant-attached cladoceran Sida crystallina together with light environment and predator abundance were studied.
2. The density of S. crystallina attached to floating leaves of Nuphar lutea increased between 18:00 and 20:00 hours, when light intensity underneath the leaves was temporarily increased, and decreased again when light intensity declined. A proportion of S. crystallina remained in the swimming mode underneath the leaves even during daylight, indicating that the water column sheltered by the leaves is safer than the open water.
3. In the water adjacent to the leaves, the density of S. crystallina increased steeply in the dark. The increase was not accompanied by a decrease in S. crystallina attached to plant leaves, indicating that the nocturnal increment in the open water density of S. crystallina was due to migration from daytime refuges other than floating leaves.
4. Sida crystallina was most intensively consumed by perch ( Perca fluviatilis ). Predation threat by fish had weaker effects on the density of S. crystallina attached to plant leaves than on cladocerans in the adjacent water. Cladocerans underneath floating plant leaves, whether attached or not, are probably less vulnerable to fish predation than those outside the leaf cover.
5. The results suggested that light intensity is the proximate factor regulating the attachment of zooplankton to the lower surfaces of floating macrophyte leaves. Light intensity has a positive effect on the density of S. crystallina attached to the floating leaves and a negative effect on density in the water. Predation threat by fish has a strong effect on the migration of zooplankters into the open water habitat. 相似文献
2. The density of S. crystallina attached to floating leaves of Nuphar lutea increased between 18:00 and 20:00 hours, when light intensity underneath the leaves was temporarily increased, and decreased again when light intensity declined. A proportion of S. crystallina remained in the swimming mode underneath the leaves even during daylight, indicating that the water column sheltered by the leaves is safer than the open water.
3. In the water adjacent to the leaves, the density of S. crystallina increased steeply in the dark. The increase was not accompanied by a decrease in S. crystallina attached to plant leaves, indicating that the nocturnal increment in the open water density of S. crystallina was due to migration from daytime refuges other than floating leaves.
4. Sida crystallina was most intensively consumed by perch ( Perca fluviatilis ). Predation threat by fish had weaker effects on the density of S. crystallina attached to plant leaves than on cladocerans in the adjacent water. Cladocerans underneath floating plant leaves, whether attached or not, are probably less vulnerable to fish predation than those outside the leaf cover.
5. The results suggested that light intensity is the proximate factor regulating the attachment of zooplankton to the lower surfaces of floating macrophyte leaves. Light intensity has a positive effect on the density of S. crystallina attached to the floating leaves and a negative effect on density in the water. Predation threat by fish has a strong effect on the migration of zooplankters into the open water habitat. 相似文献
17.
This paper discusses biochemical and regulatory aspects of the violaxanthin cycle as well as its possible role in photoprotection. The violaxanthin cycle responds to environmental conditions in the short-term and long-term by adjusting rates of pigment conversions and pool sizes of cycle pigments, respectively. Experimental evidence indicating a relationship between zeaxanthin formation and non-photochemical energy dissipation is reviewed. Zeaxanthin-associated energy dissipation appears to be dependent on transthylakoid pH. The involvement of light-harvesting complex II in this quenching process is indicated by several studies. The current hypotheses on the underlying mechanism of zeaxanthin-dependent quenching are alterations of membrane properties, including conformational changes of the light-harvesting complex II, and singlet-singlet energy transfer from chlorophyll to zeaxanthin 相似文献
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Julien Piouceau Grégory Bois Frédéric Panfili Matthieu Anastase Laurent Dufossé Véronique Arfi 《International journal of phytoremediation》2014,16(10):1042-1057
Over the last decade, bamboo has emerged as an interesting plant for the treatment of various polluted waters using plant-based wastewater treatment systems. In these systems, nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations in wastewater can exceed plant requirements and potentially limit plant growth. The effects of two nutrient rates on the growth of seven bamboo species were assessed in a one-year experiment: Dendrocalamus strictus, Thyrsostachys siamensis, Bambusa tuldoides, Gigantochloa wrayi, Bambusa oldhamii, Bambusa multiplex and Bambusa vulgaris. Nutrient rates were applied with a 20:20:20 NPK fertilizer as 2.6 and 13.2 t.ha.yr?1NPK to three-year-old bamboo planted in 70 L containers. Morphological characters, photosynthetic responses, and NPK content in bamboo tissues were investigated. Under high-nutrient supply rate, the main trend observed was an increase of culm production but the culms’ diameters were reduced. For the seven species, the aboveground biomass yield tended to increase with high-nutrient rate. Increasing in nutrient rates also improved the photosynthetic activity which is consistent with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents measured in plant tissues. All the bamboo species tested appears suitable for wastewater treatment purposes, but the species Bambusa oldhamii and Gigantochloa wrayi showed the higher biomass yield and nutrient removal. 相似文献
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We examined the effect of manipulating photosystem II (PSII) redox poise on respiratory flux in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Measurements were made on wild-type (WT) plants and npq4 mutant plants deficient in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, WT and mutant warm-grown plants were exposed to three different irradiance regimes [75, 150 and 300 micromol photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)], and leaf dark respiration was measured in conjunction with PSII redox poise. In the second experiment, WT and mutant warm-grown plants were shifted to 5 degrees C and 75, 150 or 300 micromol PAR, and dark respiration was measured alongside PSII redox poise in cold-treated and cold-developed leaves. Despite significant differences in PSII redox poise between genotypes and irradiance treatments, neither genotype nor growth irradiance had any effect upon the rate of respiration in warm-grown, cold-treated or cold-developed leaves. We conclude that changes in PSII redox poise, at least within the range experienced here, have no direct impacts on rates of leaf dark respiration, and that the respiratory cold acclimation response is unrelated to changes in chloroplast redox poise. 相似文献
20.
Nesterenko T. V. Shikhov V. N. Tikhomirov A. A. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2001,48(2):244-251
The age-related changes in the temperature dependence curves (TDC) of chlorophyll fluorescence were studied in leaf segments of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentumMill.), and cucumber (Cucumis sativumL.) plants grown under controlled photoculture conditions. Three major TDC patterns of chlorophyll fluorescence were identified within the temperature range of 25–70°C, with each of the patterns corresponding to a certain phase of leaf development. The transition from one type of thermogram to another was a gradual and ordered process. The magnitude of the low-temperature TDC peak increased until leaves completely expanded and declined with leaf senescence. In the course of leaf senescence, the thermograms exhibited an additional shoulder, which further changed into a peak at 55–65°C with increasing magnitude. Our data provide the basis for assessing leaf age from the type of chlorophyll fluorescence thermogram and the changes in the particular indices characteristic of TDC of chlorophyll fluorescence. 相似文献