铜绿假单胞菌PA1550基因对泳动及蹭动的影响

[目的]:研究与铜绿假单胞菌运动能力相关的基因.[方法]:以一株临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌PA68做受体菌,应用人工Mu转座技术建立了库容为2000的突变子文库,从中筛选出泳动能力和蹭动能力丧失或减弱的突变子,通过基因克隆、测序,GenBankBLAST比对测序结果,互补基因表达确定与铜绿假单胞菌运动能力相关的基因.[结果]:突变子Y46在丧失了泳动运动能力的同时,蹭动能力也发生了减弱.在Y46突变子中,Mu转座子插入到功能完全未知的基因PA1550中.对极性效应及PA1550所在操纵子的分析表明,Mu转座子对插入点下游的基因的转录并不造成影响.[结论]:PA1550与铜绿假单胞菌的泳动及蹭动能力有关.     

铜绿假单胞菌PA1550基因对泳动及蹭动的影响

【目的】：研究与铜绿假单胞菌运动能力相关的基因。【方法】：以一株临床分离的铜绿假单胞菌PA68做受体菌,应用人工Mu转座技术建立了库容为2000的突变子文库,从中筛选出泳动能力和蹭动能力丧失或减弱的突变子,通过基因克隆、测序,GenBank BLAST比对测序结果,互补基因表达确定与铜绿假单胞菌运动能力相关的基因。【结果】：突变子Y46在丧失了泳动运动能力的同时,蹭动能力也发生了减弱。在Y46突变子中,Mu转座子插入到功能完全未知的基因PA1550中。对极性效应及PA1550所在操纵子的分析表明,Mu转座子对插入点下游的基因的转录并不造成影响。【结论】：PA1550与铜绿假单胞菌的泳动及蹭动能力有关。     

铜绿假单胞菌蹭行运动相关基因的研究

应用Mu转座重组技术研究铜绿假单胞菌 (Pseudomonasaeruginosa)蹭行运动 (Twitchingmotility)的相关基因。通过转座突变、表型筛选 ,得到 8个Twitchingmotility缺陷或减弱的突变子。经过基因克隆、核苷酸测序研究 ,鉴定转座子插入到基因组中的位置。结果表明 ,在其中 4个突变子中 ,转座子分别插入到与IV型菌毛生物合成和功能相关的 3个已知基因中 (其中有两个突变子转座子插入到同一基因的不同位置 ) ,它们是pilV ,pilQ ,algR。另外 4个突变子中 ,有 3个是转座子分别插入到基因pilL基因的前端 ,中部和后端 ,均引起Twitchingmotility功能缺失。另一个突变子中 ,转座子插入到基因PA1 82 1中 ,引起Twitchingmotility功能减弱。PilL和PA1 82 1的编码产物均属于 3 类蛋白质 ,它们的功能是根据其保守的氨基酸基序或基因序列与已知功能基因的相似性推测得出的。但缺乏详细的试验证据。研究结果为pilL控制Twichingmotility提供了有力的证据。并证实基因PA1 82 1与Twitchingmotility有关。将Mu转座重组技术应用到假单胞菌的研究中 ,国内外均未见报道。由于该技术具有随机单点插入的优点 ,克服了传统转座子能在染色体上迁移的缺点。保证了表型的改变与转座子插入位点的基因突变的一一对应关系。为进一步研究铜绿假     

铜绿假单胞菌水解弹性蛋白能力相关基因的筛选与鉴定

【目的】研究铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白水解能力相关基因。【方法】应用人工Mu转座技术构建铜绿假单胞菌野生型菌株PA68的转座突变文库,从2000多个突变子中筛选得到4株弹性蛋白水解能力改变的突变子,并通过克隆及测序获得转座子插入位点侧翼的序列。将铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白酶结构基因lasB的转录启始区序列整合入载体pDN19lacΩ并将该重组质粒电转化入野生型菌株PA68及4个突变株中,对报告基因在不同菌株中的表达水平进行测定。【结果】发现4个突变株中Mu转座子分别插入lasA、galU、xcpZ和ptsP 4个基因。ptsP基因失活的突变株中,lasB基因的转录水平是野生型菌株的7%,xcpZ和lasA基因的失活使lasB基因的转录水平分别降低为野生株的54%和75%,galU基因的插入失活使lasB基因的转录上升了1倍。【结论】推测ptsP和galU基因很可能直接或间接地调控着弹性蛋白酶的生物合成。     

SadC合成的c-di-GMP信号通过PilZ和FlgZ调节铜绿假单胞菌的泳动能力

【目的】探究铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)鸟苷酸环化酶(diguanylate cyclase,DGC)SadC合成的环二鸟苷酸(cyclicdi-GMP,c-di-GMP)信号与PilZ结构域受体间的信号传递关系,分析鉴定出特定PilZ结构域受体的调控功能和机制。【方法】SadC突变株和过表达菌株的构建及泳动能力分析;SadC过表达背景下,PilZ结构域受体突变各菌株的泳动表型分析和筛选;基因敲除和过表达解析筛选出的PilZ结构域受体功能;定点突变和遗传互补检测筛选出的PilZ结构域受体是否参与SadC合成c-di-GMP对泳动能力的调控。【结果】SadC通过影响鞭毛功能而非鞭毛形成抑制铜绿假单胞菌的泳动能力;PilZ结构域受体突变菌株筛选发现PilZ、FlgZ这2个受体参与了SadC介导的泳动能力抑制;功能分析发现ΔpilZ或ΔflgZ的泳动能力相比野生型PA14显著增强,而过表达PilZ或FlgZ则抑制了泳动能力;定点突变和回补实验发现PilZ第10位和FlgZ第140位氨基酸R对其介导SadC负调控泳动能力至关重要,多序列比对分析表明这些位点是其保...     

转座子标签法突变呋喃丹降解菌CFDS-1*

通过接合使供体大肠杆菌DH5α中的质粒pSC123上的转座子插入到受体菌CFDS1基因组DNA中,以引起该菌株的基因插入突变。利用转座子上的卡那霉素抗性基因和呋喃丹降解过程中红色物质的产生与否初步筛选出6株突变株,分别命名为CFDSM1～CFDSM6。紫外扫描和气谱检测结果进一步证明这些突变子确实失去了对呋喃丹的降解能力。根据转座子的序列设计引物,以6株突变株的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行限制性酶切分析,结果表明这些突变子中呋喃丹降解基因的失活就是由于转座子的插入而导致的。     

转座子标签法突变呋喃丹降解菌CFDS-1

通过接合使供体大肠杆菌DH5α中的质粒pSC123上的转座子插入到受体菌CFDS-1基因组DNA中,以引起该菌株的基因插入突变。利用转座子上的卡那霉素抗性基因和呋喃丹降解过程中红色物质的产生与否初步筛选出6株突变株,分别命名为CFDS—M1～CFDS—M6。紫外扫描和气谱检测结果进一步证明这些突变子确实失去了对呋喃丹的降解能力。根据转座子的序列设计引物,以6株突变株的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行限制性酶切分析,结果表明这些突变子中呋喃丹降解基因的失活就是由于转座子的插入而导致的。     

铜绿假单胞菌新基因PA0058插入失活对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药性的影响

【目的】铜绿假单胞菌是一种重要的条件致病菌,临床上常引起难治性和顽固性感染,随着各种抗生素的广泛使用,该菌对多种抗生素呈现耐药性,研究其耐药性机理有着重要意义。【方法】以一株临床分离株Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA68作为出发菌株,应用人工Mu转座技术构建突变文库并从中筛选得到一株对链霉素抗性明显增强的菌株M122,并对突变株M122进行测序分析及表型检测。通过Southern杂交实验证实转座子是否为单拷贝插入,对突变株M122的基因表达谱与野生型PA68菌株进行对比分析。【结果】确定了Mu转座子在M122基因组上为单拷贝插入,插入位点为基因PA0058的第214 bp处。对M122进行表型检测,发现其对多种氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性均得到增强,通过转入携带完整基因PA0058的表达质粒可以使突变株M122的耐药性有所降低,利用同源重组的方法,在模式菌株P.aeruginosa PAK中进行PA0058基因敲除,得到的敲除株具有链霉素耐药性升高的表型。基因PA0058的缺失引起多种基因表达水平改变,尤其是katB、ahpC、ahpF等抗氧化酶基因转录表达显著增高。【结论】首次发现铜绿假单胞菌PA0058基因的插入失活提高了细菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性,且导致突变株M122中抗氧化酶基因转录表达水平的上调。     

α-氨基苄青霉素抗性转座子Tn2在E.coli K12乳糖操纵子Z基因中的插入区域特异性

转座子Tn2是大肠杆菌质粒RSF 1030上一段带有α-氨基苄青霉素抗性基因的DNA序列。这段序列具有转座能力,它能通过不同于一般的DNA重组机理从一个复制子转座到另一个复制子。已知,噬菌体Mu,插入序列IS1、IS2、IS3和抗药性转座子TnA、Tn5、Tn9、Tn10等均能使被插入的基因发生突变。已有报道,不同的转座子在E.coli K12乳糖操纵子Z基因中的插入模式不同。Mu噬菌体在Z基因     

铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中c-di-GMP代谢相关基因PA0575对表型的影响

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中存在与环鸟苷二磷酸(cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate,c-di-GMP)代谢相关基因PA0575。【目的】探讨铜绿假单胞菌PAO1中环鸟苷二磷酸代谢相关基因PA0575对运动能力及生物膜的影响。【方法】通过PCR对菌株遗传背景进行确认;利用刚果红结合实验及电转PcdrA-gfp质粒间接测量胞内c-di-GMP水平;利用泳动性(swimming)、蜂群泳动(swarming)、蹭行运动(twiching)和生物膜定量实验对细菌进行表型分析,并在运动培养基中添加抗生素研究其对运动能力的影响;针对PA0575基因进行融合蛋白表达载体的构建,并对蛋白进行原核诱导表达。【结果】3株突变体菌株的转座子插入突变位点不一致,胞内c-di-GMP水平检测结果显示,PA0575-1菌株的c-di-GMP含量高于野生型PAO1菌株(P0.05),PA0575-2、PA0575-3菌株胞内c-di-GMP水平与野生型PAO1菌株无差异(P0.05)。运动能力检测实验中,与野生型PAO1菌株相比,PA0575-1菌株泳动性增强(P0.05);PA0575-2、PA0575-3菌株的泳动性、蜂群运动均增强(P0.05);该基因不同位点的突变均导致氯霉素对菌株的运动能力产生抑制作用。生物膜定量结果显示,与野生型PAO1菌株相比,细菌培养18 h后PA0575-1的生物膜含量降低(P0.05),PA0575-2、PA0575-3菌株的生物膜含量升高。最后成功构建了PA0575基因不同结构域的8个表达载体,并获得了异源表达蛋白。【结论】PA0575基因降低铜绿假单胞菌胞内c-di-GMP的水平,影响表型的同时也抑制了氯霉素抗性基因的表达。以上研究为PA0575基因对表型的影响奠定了基础。     

Identification and functional characterization of pfm, a novel gene involved in swimming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen, has a single polar flagellum which is an important virulence and colonization factor by providing swimming motility. This paper describes the functional characterization of a novel gene pfm (PA2950) of P. aeruginosa. The pfm encodes a protein that is similar to a number of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases of other bacterial species. Mutation of this gene results in a defect in swimming motility which can be completed back to that of wild type by a plasmid containing the pfm. Interestingly, the pfm mutant possesses an intact flagellum which does not rotate, thus giving rise to a non-motile phenotype. The pfm gene is encoded on an operon together with two upstream genes which code for electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF). Yeast two-hybrid tests indicated that the PFM interacts with the ETF, suggesting that the putative dehydrogenase (PFM) is involved in energy metabolism that is critical for the rotation of flagellum in P. aeruginosa.     

铜绿假单胞菌多重耐药基因的筛选及鉴定

[目的]研究铜绿假单胞菌中与耐药性相关的基因.[方法]筛选转座突变体文库中对多种抗菌药物敏感的突变体,通过随机PCR、核苷酸测序及序列比对确定突变体中转座子的插入位点及其破坏的基因.[结果]筛选得到2株对多种抗菌药物敏感的突变体,其中被破坏的基因分别为功能未知的新基因PA2580和PA2800.[结论]PA2580和PA2800可能分别通过参与细胞氧化还原作用和细胞壁合成进而与铜绿假单胞菌耐药性相关.     

Mutations that impair swarming motility in Serratia marcescens 274 include but are not limited to those affecting chemotaxis or flagellar function.

Serratia marcescens exists in two cell forms and displays two kinds of motility depending on the type of growth surface encountered (L. Alberti and R. M. Harshey, J. Bacteriol. 172:4322-4328, 1990). In liquid medium, the bacteria are short rods with few flagella and show classical swimming behavior. Upon growth on a solid surface (0.7 to 0.85% agar), they differentiate into elongated, multinucleate, copiously flagellated forms that swarm over the agar surface. The flagella of swimmer and swarmer cells are composed of the same flagellin protein. We show in this study that disruption of hag, the gene encoding flagellin, abolishes both swimming and swarming motility. We have used transposon mini-Mu lac kan to isolate mutants of S. marcescens defective in both kinds of motility. Of the 155 mutants obtained, all Fla- mutants (lacking flagella) and Mot- mutants (paralyzed flagella) were defective for both swimming and swarming, as expected. All Che- mutants (chemotaxis defective) were also defective for swarming, suggesting that an intact chemotaxis system is essential for swarming. About one-third of the mutants were specifically affected only in swarming. Of this class, a large majority showed active "swarming motility" when viewed through the microscope (analogous to the active "swimming motility" of Che- mutants) but failed to show significant movement away from the site of initial inoculation on a macroscopic scale. These results suggest that bacteria swarming on a solid surface require many genes in addition to those required for chemotaxis and flagellar function, which extend the swarming movement outward. We also show in this study that nonflagellate S. marcescens is capable of spreading rapidly on low-agar media.     

Pseudomonas syringae coordinates production of a motility-enabling surfactant with flagellar assembly

Using a sensitive assay, we observed low levels of an unknown surfactant produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a that was not detected by traditional methods yet enabled swarming motility in a strain that exhibited deficient production of syringafactin, the main characterized surfactant produced by P. syringae. Random mutagenesis of the syringafactin-deficient strain revealed an acyltransferase with homology to rhlA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that was required for production of this unidentified surfactant, subsequently characterized by mass spectrometry as 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acid (HAA). Analysis of other mutants with altered surfactant production revealed that HAA is coordinately regulated with the late-stage flagellar gene encoding flagellin; mutations in genes involved in early flagellar assembly abolish or reduce HAA production, while mutations in flagellin or flagellin glycosylation genes increase its production. When colonizing a hydrated porous surface, the bacterium increases production of both flagellin and HAA. P. syringae was defective in porous-paper colonization without functional flagella and was slightly inhibited in this movement when it lacked surfactant production. Loss of HAA production in a syringafactin-deficient strain had no effect on swimming but abolished swarming motility. In contrast, a strain that lacked HAA but retained syringafactin production exhibited broad swarming tendrils, while a syringafactin-producing strain that overproduced HAA exhibited slender swarming tendrils. On the basis of further analysis of mutants altered in HAA production, we discuss its regulation in Pseudomonas syringae.     

Identification of a new gene PA5017 involved in flagella-mediated motility, chemotaxis and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Flagella-mediated motility is recognized as one of the major factors contributing to virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During a screening of a mini-Mu transposon mutant library of P. aeruginosa PA68, a mutant partially deficient in swimming and swarming motility was identified in a new locus that encodes a predicted protein of unknown function annotated PA5017 in the P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome sequence. Chemotaxis plate assay indicated that inactivation of the PA5017 gene led to a decreased chemotactic response. Complementation of the PA5017 mutant with the wild-type PA5017 gene restored normal motility and chemotaxis phenotype. A promoter-lacZ reporter activity assay of the cheYZAB operon from chemotaxis gene cluster 1 showed that there was almost a twofold difference in expression levels of the wild-type PA68 and the PA5017 mutant. This suggested that the PA5017 affected expression of the cheYZAB operon negatively. Further study showed that inactivation of the PA5017 gene in PA68 led to increased biofilm formation in a static system and to the formation of a heterogeneous biofilm in a flow-chamber system. These results suggested that PA5017 possibly affected flagellum-dependent motility and in turn biofilm formation via the chemotaxis signal transduction pathway.     

Identification of genes involved in swarming motility using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 mini-Tn5-lux mutant library

During a screening of a mini-Tn5-luxCDABE transposon mutant library of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 for alterations in swarming motility, 36 mutants were identified with Tn5 insertions in genes for the synthesis or function of flagellin and type IV pilus, in genes for the Xcp-related type II secretion system, and in regulatory, metabolic, chemosensory, and hypothetical genes with unknown functions. These mutants were differentially affected in swimming and twitching motility but in most cases had only a minor additional motility defect. Our data provide evidence that swarming is a more complex type of motility, since it is influenced by a large number of different genes in P. aeruginosa. Conversely, many of the swarming-negative mutants also showed an impairment in biofilm formation, indicating a strong relationship between these types of growth states.