长春花钙调素基因克隆及其假基因的识别

以长春花[Catharanthus roseus(L.)G.Don]叶片cDNA和基因组DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增得到了长春花钙调素基因447 bp的全长编码cDNA序列和2个大小不同的DNA片段.序列分析表明,DNA长片段全长1 551 bp,由2个外显子和1个内含子构成,为长春花钙调素基因编码区DNA片段;DNA小片段全长447 bp,与447 bp的长春花钙调素基因cDNA核苷酸一致性高达87%,有56个碱基的差异,其中位于226 bp处的碱基A突变为T,即由AAG突变为终止密码子TAG使翻译提前终止.推测此447 bp的DNA小片段可能为长春花钙调素基因的假基因,命名为CCaMP1.     

限制性内切酶介导的重叠延伸在人环氧合酶-1(COX-1)基因克隆中的应用

建立一种用于克隆全长基因的、限制性内切酶介导的重叠延伸法 .对全长基因进行分段扩增 ,并利用适当的限制性内切酶对基因序列内相应的限制性位点进行酶切 ,从而使分段扩增片段得以重叠并互为模板 ,在DNA聚合酶的作用下延伸获得全长基因 .将环氧合酶 1 (COX 1 )基因的外显子 9巧妙地拼接到了缺失外显子 9的COX 1cDNA片段中 ,获得了COX 1基因的全长cDNA .该方法分 3步进行 .首先 ,通过RT PCR分别扩增跨外显子 9的cDNA片段和缺失外显子 9的cDNA片段 ,并克隆到pMD1 8 T载体上 ;其次 ,PCR扩增外显子 9片段 ,限制性内切酶StuI酶切缺失外显子9cDNA片段的重组质粒 ,二者以一定的比例混合 ,互为模板 ,在pfuDNA聚合酶的作用下进行延伸 ,从而产生一个双链的DNA分子 .最后 ,以延伸产物为模板 ,用COX 1cDNA两端的引物进行PCR扩增 ,产生包含外显子 9的COX 1基因的全长cDNA .这种限制性内切酶介导的重叠延伸方法 ,对于克隆mRNA剪接水平上受调控的基因尤为有用 ,同时也为基因的重组和修饰提供一个新的思路     

粗毛栓菌诱变菌株SAH-12漆酶基因的克隆与序列分析

粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica诱变菌株SAH-12是通过紫外诱变选育得到的漆酶高产菌株。为了对其漆酶基因进行研究和利用,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends,RACE)技术,从T.gallica诱变菌株SAH-12分离得到漆酶基因全长cDNA Lacc1(GenBank accession No.DQ431716)及其对应的结构基因Lac1(DQ431715)。该基因属于真菌漆酶基因家族,与来自出发菌T.gallica漆酶基因lacA(AY875867)在成熟肽编码区的同源性最高(一致性为98%)。Lacc1全长1891bp,由40bp的5'-UTR、1554bp的完整ORF和297bp的3'-UTR构成,具有polyA加尾信号AATACA和59bp的polyA结构;其完整ORF可编码21个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽和496个氨基酸残基组成的成熟蛋白。在Lacc1基因的推导氨基酸序列中有4个潜在的N-糖基化位点和4个参与二硫键形成的Cys残基,且含有真菌漆酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型铜离子结合区的4个高度保守序列。结构基因Lac1全长2338bp,含10个内含子和11个外显子,各内含子长度在51bp～76bp之间,且其序列均符合5'-gt……ag-3'规则。     

鳜鱼胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶与胃蛋白酶原基因的克隆与序列分析

采用RT-PCR及RACE法,克隆得到鳜鱼(Siniperca chuatsi)肝胰脏胰蛋白酶(trypsin, Try)、淀粉酶(amylase, Amy)基因 cDNA全序列.结果表明,鳜鱼Try基因cDNA全长为896 bp,其中开放阅读框 (open reading frame,ORF)为744 bp,编码247个氨基酸. 序列同源性分析发现,鳜鱼Try与 斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)、 小鼠Try和人TRY氨基酸序列同源性分别为81.4%、75.3%、74.5%和71.4%.鳜鱼Amy 基因cDNA全长为1 647 bp,其中ORF为1 539 bp,编码512个氨基酸.鳜鱼Amy与斑马鱼 、非洲爪蟾、小鼠Amy和人AMY氨基酸序列同源性分别为79.7%、75.4%、71.9%和70.9%. 同时对鳜鱼基因组进行PCR,获得鳜鱼Try、Amy与胃蛋白酶原(pepsinogen, Pep)全基因组DNA序列.序列分析表明,鳜鱼Try基因由4个内含子和5个外显子组成,全长1 362 bp;鳜鱼Amy基因由8个内含子和9个外显子组成,全长4 267 bp;鳜鱼Pep基因由8个内含子和9个外显子组成,全长 4 032 bp,与其它脊椎动物基因结构相似.应用Genome walker方法在鳜鱼克隆得到长度分别为1 189 bp、413 bp和527 bp的Try、Amy和Pep基因的5′侧翼区序列以及1段长为704 bp的Pep 基因3′侧翼区序列,并利用相关软件预测其中具有多个可调节其表达的调控元件.鳜鱼Try、Am y和Pep基因组全序列的克隆及其序列、结构分析和分子系统进化等的研究,为鱼类消化代谢相关基因的生理功能及表达调控机理进一步研究提供依据.     

3种鲤科鱼β珠蛋白基因的比较研究

根据 β珠蛋白的N末端和C末端氨基酸序列的保守性设计 2 0bp长的简并引物 ,用RT PCR方法扩增并克隆了鲤、草鱼、鲫的 β珠蛋白基因cDNA。结果显示克隆 3种鱼的 β珠蛋白基因cDNA全长为 4 4 1bp。对它们所编码的氨基酸序列的比较可以看出虽然它们都属于鲤科但氨基酸的组成却有较大的差异。根据所克隆的cDNA分别设计特异引物用PCR方法克隆了 3种鱼的基因组DNA全长 ;从起始密码子到终止密码子的长度分别为鲤 6 6 7bp、草鱼6 2 9bp、鲫 6 6 7bp。 3种鱼中均含有 3个外显子和 2个内含子且内含子的插入位置相同。内含子的碱基序列差异很大。鲫与鲤内含子 1和 2的长度完全相同 ,而与草鱼的内含子长度则相差较大。     

毛木耳漆酶基因的克隆、序列分析及其鉴定

本文利用PCR和RACE技术首次从毛木耳AP4菌株中获得编码漆酶基因的cDNA及其基因组全长序列,基因组大小为2514 bp.通过比较该漆酶基因的cDNA和基因组DNA的全长序列,发现该基因包含14个外显子和13个内含子.cDNA序列的全长为1972 bp,其包含一个完整的ORE长度为1860 bp,编码619氨基酸,推测的分子量大小为68 kD,等电点pI为5.15.在氨基酸序列的氨基末端存在一个信号肽序列,同时该基因还包括含铜氧化酶的三个功能结构域KOG1263、SufI和pfam00394.氨基酸序列与GenBank中登录的真菌漆酶蛋白序列比对表明:该氨基酸序列与其它真菌漆酶蛋白序列有较高的同源性,氨基酸序列相同性最高达41%,相似性为58%,并且含有真菌漆酶的四个保守的Cu-bind结构域.将获得的漆酶基因lacl与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K连接,构建重组质粒pYH3660,将其转化到毕赤酵母中,经甲醇诱导该基因在第10天产酶高达123 IU/L,并通过Native SDS-PAGE电泳获得预期大小的漆酶蛋白条带.结构分析和功能验证均表明:本研究获得的基因lacl为漆酶基因.     

血红密孔菌(Pycnoporussanguineus)漆酶基因的克隆与序列分析

为克隆血红密孔菌 (Pycnoporussanguineus)漆酶基因 ,根据真菌漆酶氨基酸序列保守区设计了 1对简并引物 .以血红密孔菌基因组DNA为模板 ,PCR扩增出长 12 2 7bp的漆酶基因片段 .以此序列为基础 ,通过 5′及 3′RACE技术克隆出漆酶全长cDNA序列 ,序列长为 190 2bp ,其 5′端和 3′端非编码区长分别为 5 1bp和 2 97bp ,开放阅读框长 15 5 4bp ,编码 5 18个氨基酸的蛋白 .该蛋白具有 4个铜离子结合区域 ,预测其相对分子量为 5 6 313 2 ,等电点为 5 5 9,其氨基酸序列与Pycnoporuscinnabarinus漆酶 (lcc3 2 )的同源性最高 ,为 96 % .以该cDNA编码区的两端序列为引物 ,PCR扩增得到漆酶的长度为 2 15 4bp的全长DNA序列 ,序列中包括 10个内含子序列 ,长为 5 2～ 70bp     

白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶基因cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

为认识葫芦科植物中葫芦素生物合成途径所需鲨烯合酶基因结构特征,克隆白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶(squalene synthase,SS)基因c DNA并进行生物信息学分析。根据葫芦科植物绞股蓝、罗汉果、红花栝楼等的鲨烯合酶基因cDNA序列,设计白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶引物,分别采用3'RACE和5'RACE技术扩增鲨烯合酶基因3'端和5'端。获得白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶基因的两个cDNA克隆,命名为CsSS1和CsSS2,其cDNA序列全长分别为1 627 bp和1 534 bp,都编码417个氨基酸残基,分子质量为47.6 k D。成功克隆得到白皮黄瓜鲨烯合酶基因全长cDNA序列并对其进行序列分析,后续可用于葫芦素生物合成途径所需鲨烯合酶基因正选择位点功能分析。     

苦荞查尔酮合酶基因CHS的结构及花期不同组织表达量分析

采用同源克隆、染色体步移和RT-PCR技术,首次克隆到苦荞查尔酮合酶基因(CHS)的全长DNA序列和cDNA开放阅读框(ORF)序列.序列分析表明,苦荞CHS DNA序列(GU172165)全长1 632 bp,含1个445 bp的内含子;cDNA编码区(HM852753)全长1 188 bp,编码395个氨基酸,命名为FtCHS.生物信息学分析表明,FtCHS和推导的氨基酸序列与其它植物CHS基因同源率在95%以上,含有CHS多基因家族的标签序列(GFGPG)、活性位点、底物结合口袋位点和环化反应口袋位点.半定量RT-PCR分析苦荞花期FtCHS空间表达模型表明,其表达量未成熟种子叶茎花根成熟种子,与苦荞芦丁含量的分布基本一致,具有组织特异性。     

粗毛栓菌诱变菌株SAH-12漆酶基因的克隆与序列分析

粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica诱变菌株SAH-12是通过紫外诱变选育得到的漆酶高产菌株。为了对其漆酶基因进行研究和利用,采用cDNA末端快速扩增(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends,RACE)技术,从T.gallica诱变菌株SAH-12分离得到漆酶基因全长cDNA Lacc1(GenBank accession No.DQ431716)及其对应的结构基因Lac1(DQ431715)。该基因属于真菌漆酶基因家族,与来自出发菌T.gallica漆酶基因lacA(AY875867)在成熟肽编码区的同源性最高(一致性为98%)。Lacc1全长1891bp,由40bp的5'-UTR、1554bp的完整ORF和297bp的3'-UTR构成,具有polyA加尾信号AATACA和59bp的polyA结构;其完整ORF可编码21个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽和496个氨基酸残基组成的成熟蛋白。在Lacc1基因的推导氨基酸序列中有4个潜在的N-糖基化位点和4个参与二硫键形成的Cys残基,且含有真菌漆酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型铜离子结合区的4个高度保守序列。结构基因Lac1全长2338bp,含10个内含子和11个外显子,各内含子长度在51bp~76bp之间,且其序列均符合5'-gt…ag-3'规则。     

Molecular cloning,characterization and expression analysis of adenylosuccinate lyase gene in grass carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ctenopharyngodon idella</Emphasis>)

Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) is a bifunctional enzyme acting in de novo purine synthesis and purine nucleotide recycling. In the present study, we have constructed a grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal cDNA library that has over 2.3 × 10⁵ primary clones. An expressed sequence tag (EST) of grass carp adenylosuccinate lyase (gcADSL) gene was screened from this library. Both 5′-RACE and 3′-RACE were carried out in order to obtain the complete cDNA sequence, which contains a 1,446 bp open reading frame encoding 482 amino acids about 54.552 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence shares high homology with its vertebrate counterparts, which shares 94% similarity with zebrafish, 81% with African clawed frog as well as chicken, 77% with human and 76% with mouse. This gcADSL genomic sequence, consisted of 13 exons and 12 introns, is 8,557 bp in size. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the highest expression level of gcADSL was detected in muscle and the lowest in gill. In western blotting analysis, His₆-tagged gcADSL protein expressed in Escherichia coli could be recognized not only by an anti-His₆-tag monoclonal antibody but also by an anti-human ADSL polyclonal antibody, indicating immunological crossreactivity occurs between grass carp and human ADSL protein. 1,082 bp 5′-flanking region sequence was cloned and analyzed.     

Nucleotide sequence of cloned complementary deoxyribonucleic acid for the alpha subunit of bovine pituitary glycoprotein hormones

Recombinant DNA plasmids containing sequences coding for the alpha subunit of the bovine pituitary glycoprotein hormones have been isolated. The nucleotide sequences of three different cDNA clones have been determined. The largest alpha-subunit cDNA clone was found to contain 713 bases including 77 nucleotides from the 5'-untranslated region, 72 nucleotides coding for a precursor segment, 288 nucleotides coding for the mature alpha subunit, and 276 nucleotides from the 3'-untranslated region of the mRNA followed by a poly(A) segment. This cDNA likely represents most of the bovine alpha-subunit mRNA sequence. Nucleotide sequences were obtained from the cDNA inserts of two other alpha-subunit clones, and several differences among the three cDNA sequences have been detected. These differences in nucleotide sequence may represent either individual variation in genomic sequence or cloning artifacts. Comparison of the bovine alpha-subunit cDNA sequence to the sequences of human, rat, and mouse alpha-subunit cDNAs reveals that the bovine sequence has greater than 70% homology with the other cDNAs. The cloned alpha-subunit cDNA should provide a useful probe for further studies of the structure and expression of this interesting gene.     

Carp growth hormone: molecular cloning and sequencing of cDNA

cDNA clones of the fish Cyprinus carpio growth hormone (GH) mRNA have been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from carp pituitary gland poly(A)+RNA. The nucleotide sequence of one of the carp GH cDNA clones containing an insert of 1164 nucleotides (nt) was determined. The cDNA sequence was found to encode a polypeptide of 210 amino acids (aa) including a signal peptide of 22 aa and to contain 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the mRNA of 36 and 498 nt, respectively. The carp GH presents a 63% amino acid sequence homology with the salmon GH, has structural features common with other GH polypeptides of mammalian or avian origin and contains domains of conserved sequence near the N- and C-terminal regions. Southern blot hybridization of carp genomic DNA with GH cDNA probes shows the presence of at least two GH-coding sequences in the fish genome.     

草鱼免疫相关基因Prkrip1的克隆和表达分析

随着草鱼养殖规模的扩大, 草鱼的病毒性疾病极大地影响着草鱼的产量。开展鱼类病毒免疫反应相关功能基因的研究意义重大。研究首先通过同源克隆的方法从草鱼中克隆到了一段Prkrip1基因的EST序列, 进一步通过RACE、长片段PCR和Genome walking的方法获得了该基因的全长cDNA序列、基因组DNA序列和启动子区序列。氨基酸序列分析显示, Prkrip1含有3个核定位信号和一个双链RNA结合区, 并具有与PKR结合的保守N端区; 荧光报告基因的表达证实我们所克隆到的启动子区是有活性的, 可用于后续该基因的转录调控分析; Real-time PCR分析发现, Prkrip1 基因在草鱼的肝和血中表达量最高, GCRV感染后在大部分免疫组织中均上调表达, 说明该基因确实与病毒感染相关。研究结果为Prkrip1基因在硬骨鱼类的功能研究提供了线索, 也为鱼类天然免疫反应中调控PKR信号通路的系统研究提供了理论依据。       

Complete murine cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and tissue expression of the high mobility group protein HMG-I(Y)

A cDNA coding for the non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-I, or its isoform HMG-Y, was isolated from a murine Friend cell library using synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probes. Sequence analysis showed that the 1670-base pair full length cDNA insert consists of a 201-base pair, G/C-rich (74%), 5'-untranslated region, a 288-base pair amino acid coding sequence, and an unusually long 1182-base pair 3'-untranslated region. The deduced 96-residue amino acid coding sequence of the murine HMG-I(Y) cDNA is very similar to the reported amino acid sequence of human HMG-I, except that it lacks 11 internal amino acids reported in the human protein. Based on Southern blot hybridization analysis of genomic DNA, there appear to be fewer than five copies of HMG-I(Y) genes in the haploid murine genome. These murine HMG-I(Y) genes contain a large (at least 890 base pairs) exon that includes most, or all, of the 3'-untranslated region; whereas the much shorter 5'-untranslated region and amino acid coding sequences are interrupted by at least one intron. A single size class (approximately 1700 nucleotides in murine cells and 2000 nucleotides in human cells) of HMG-I(Y) mRNAs was detected at high levels in total RNA extracts from rapidly dividing, transformed cells, but to a lesser extent, or not at all, in extracts from slowly or non-dividing cells.     

Structures of two genes coding for melanin-concentrating hormone of chum salmon

Two MCH genes coding for melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) were isolated from a chum salmon liver DNA library and characterized. They were shown to be intronless genes with 0.63-kb exons, each of which commonly consisted of an about 80-bp 5'-untranslated region, a region coding for 132 amino acids (aa) MCH precursor protein and an approx. 160-bp 3'-untranslated region. About 20 bp upstream from the putative cap site, sequences were found corresponding to the TATA box. The two genes were 86% identical at the nucleotide sequence level. Sequences homologous to the chum salmon MCH genes were present in the genomes of other fish such as catfish, carp and Chinese grass carp, whereas no highly homologous sequence could be detected in other vertebrate genomes.     

Mouse primase p49 subunit molecular cloning indicates conserved and divergent regions

Primase is a specialized RNA polymerase that synthesizes RNA primers for initiation of DNA synthesis. A full cDNA clone of the p49 subunit of mouse primase, a heterodimeric enzyme, has been isolated using a primase p49-specific polyclonal antibody to screen a lambda gt11 mouse cDNA expression library. The cDNA indicated the subunit is a 417-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 49,295 daltons. The p49 mRNA is approximately 1500 nucleotides long with a 5'-untranslated region of 74 nucleotides and a 3'-untranslated region of 200 nucleotides. Comparison with a similar sized primase subunit from yeast showed highly conserved amino acid sequences in the N-terminal halves of the polypeptides and included a potential metal-binding domain suggesting the functional importance of this region for DNA binding. In contrast, the 3' portion of the cDNA has rapidly diverged in nucleotide sequence, as primase mRNA can be detected in mouse and rat cells with a 3' probe (including coding and noncoding) but not in RNA from hamster or human cells. A full-length cDNA probe detected mRNA from hamster and human cell lines, indicating a conserved 5' portion and divergent 3' region of the expressed gene. The rapid divergence may be related to the species-specific protein interactions found for the DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex. The mRNA is detected in proliferating but not in quiescent cells consistent with its function in DNA replication.     

Cloning, primary structure determination and expression of preproinsulin cDNA from human insulinoma in Escherichia coli]

A human insulinoma cDNA library was constructed in expression plasmid vector pUEX1. Clone pUEX1Ins12 was selected from human insulinoma cDNA library by means of hybridization with the insulin probe and a nucleotide sequence of the insertion was determined. It codes for full size amino acid sequence preproinsulin and furthermore, contains the entire 3'-end of noncoding mRNA region and 44 nucleotides from the 5'-untranslated region. The bacterial strain pUEX3Ins8 producing preproinsulin as beta-galactosidase fusion protein was constructed.