铁线蕨属3个种的分布新记录

该文报道了铁线蕨属(AdiantumL.)3个种的分布新记录,其中梅山铁线蕨(A.meishanianum)发现于云南西双版纳和普洱,苍山铁线蕨(A.sinicum)发现于云南石屏和四川盐源、屏山、渡口、乐山,孟连铁线蕨(A.menglianense)发现于广西百色和云南西双版纳、楚雄、玉溪。对分布新记录种的地理分布进行了补充,比较了分布新记录种与其近缘种的分类特征,提供了铁线蕨属鞭叶铁线蕨系基于rbcL序列的邻接树(NJ树),并编制了该系完整的检索表(包括9个种)。     

泛喜马拉雅地区铁线蕨属细叶铁线蕨系的分类学修订

在标本研究和野外考察的基础上,结合微形态分析结果和植物地理学资料,对泛喜马拉雅地区铁线蕨属细叶铁线蕨系进行丫分类学修订。研究结果表明该系植物囊群盖的形状、末回小羽片上缘锯齿的形态和鳞片微形态特征是物种划分的重要性状。承认泛喜马拉雅地区该系植物分布有7种和2变种,分别是陇南铁线蕨Adiantum roborowskii、肾盖铁线蕨A．roborowskiivar．robustum、毛足铁线蕨A．bonatianum、冯氏铁线蕨A．fengianum、长盖铁线蕨A．fimbriatum、白背铁线蕨A．davidii、长刺铁线蕨A．davidiivar．longispina、细叶铁线蕨A,venustum和西藏铁线蕨A．tibeticum。对三个分类学名称进行了归并,即将圆齿铁线蕨Adiantun breviserratum处理为长盖铁线蕨A．fimbriatum的异名,肾盖铁线蕨Adiantum erythrochlamys处理为A．roborowskii var．robustum的异名．无芒铁线蕨Adiantum bonatianum var．subaristatum处理为毛足铁线蕨A．bonatianum的异名。     

东北蕨类植物配子体发育的研究——Ⅳ.铁线蕨科

本文研究了掌叶铁线蕨配子体的发育。孢子四面体形,三裂缝。扫描电镜下见其外壁具大小不等的片状扁平突起。孢子萌发为向心型,丝状体一般为2-5胞细,单列,有时细胞多列。原叶体发育铁线蕨型。原叶体为裸露的心脏形,长倒卵形成宽倒卵形。雌雄异株。精子器长圆状圆球形,盖细胞不分裂。颈卵器较大,颈部细胞高。掌叶铁线蕨的孢子形态和萌发、生殖器较大等特点,均表现为原始形式。但铁线蕨属中的精子器盖细胞,有的种分裂,有的种不分裂,而掌叶铁线蕨的则为不分裂,可能是该属种演化水平较高的种。     

荷叶铁线蕨等位酶分析初步研究

荷叶铁线蕨 ( Adiantum reniforme var.sinense)是铁线蕨科铁线蕨属肾叶铁线蕨的一个变种〔1〕,分布于重庆市万县、石柱等县的沿江近 1 0 0 km长的狭长地段 ,分布高度局限于海拔 80～ 430 m之间 〔2〕。受其自身生物学、生态学习性的局限和人为的破坏 ,该物种正濒于灭绝的边缘。三峡工程修建后 ,库区内1 75m线以下的地区将被淹没 ,将更加剧该物种的濒危程度。为了挽救这一物种已经采取了许多措施 ,迁地保护是其中的重要措施之一 ,中国科学院武汉植物研究所在这一方面已经做了一些工作 〔3～ 5〕。为了有效地实施迁地保护 ,保存该物种的大部…     

西双版纳石灰岩山地森林蕨类区系的初步研究

西双版纳位于云南南部,与老挝及缅甸接壤。根据调查,现已知西双版纳石灰岩山地森林中蕨类区系有蕨类植物１２７种（包括变种）,隶属于２４个科,５４个属,在该蕨类区系中,最大的科分别是水龙骨科,凤尾蕨科,铁角蕨科,铁线蕨科及三叉蕨科;最大的属分别为凤尾蕨属,铁角蕨属,铁线蕨属,石韦属及毛蕨属,该地蕨区系具有东南亚热带的性质,其分布区类型的组成是,热带分布或主产热带的科占总科数的７０％以上,热带分布的属占总     

国家保护植物报春苣苔分布地的植物多样性研究

对已知有报春苣苔分布的广东、湖南、广西、江西4省14地的石灰岩洞口或崖壁进行野生维管植物多样性调查分析,以期对珍稀濒危植物报春苣苔种群的生存和保护提供参考。结果表明,14个地点共出现101科242属342种维管植物,其中出现频率最高的科、属、种分别是苦苣苔科、凤尾蕨科、荨麻科、铁线蕨科、爵床科;凤尾蕨属(Pteris)、报春苣苔属(Primulina)、铁线蕨属(Adiantum)、苎麻属(Boehmeria)、唇柱苣苔属(Chirita);报春苣苔(Primulina tabacum Hance)、岩凤尾蕨(Pteris deltodon Bak.)、蜈蚣草(P.vittata L.)、铁线蕨(Adiantum capillus-veneris L.)、苎麻[Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaudich.]等。植物种的相似性系数最大为40%,最小为0,平均值为14.24%,表明虽均为石灰岩生境,但各地的种类各具特色。鉴于大多数报春苣苔分布点未纳入自然保护区范围,生存状况堪忧,建议加强对报春苣苔种群及其生境的保护。     

广西蕨类植物新记录

报道广西蕨类植物分布新记录1属7种1变型,即粉叶蕨属、锡金石杉、四川石杉、笔直石松、布朗卷柏、粤铁线蕨、粉叶蕨、大叶贯众、中华水龙骨.该文列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布.     

三峡库区珍稀濒危植物荷叶铁线蕨的生物学特性及保护对策

荷叶铁线蕨为三峡库区珍稀濒危植物 ,已被国家列为二级保护植物。本文较系统地综述了荷叶铁线蕨的生物学特性 ,包括其形态特征、生长特性、地理分布、生态学特性和群落学特性 ,分析了荷叶铁线蕨濒危的可能原因 ,并提出了保护措施     

荷叶铁线蕨的无菌培养

荷叶铁线蕨(Adiantum reniforme var.sinense)属稀有单叶型铁线蕨,目前仅存于四川万县及邻近县的少数地区,种群小,濒临灭绝,为国家二类保护植物。它在学术、医药和观赏等各方面具有一定价值。为保护和发展这种植物,陈卓良等(1988)进行了引种栽培,证明在武汉和万县等地可移植成功,并可分兜繁殖,但速度很慢。林尤新(1989)首先报道在温室中用孢子繁殖获得成功。为了更好的保护和大量繁殖这种植物我们进行了无菌培养试验。     

深圳杨梅坑山地植物群落演替动态

以深圳市杨梅坑山地两个植物群落为调查对象,分析其物种组成、物种多样性特征、重要值的变化,探讨不同阶段植物群落的演替动态规律。结果表明,两个植物群落经过7年演替后,植物群落的丰富度有所增加,且种类组成出现明显差异,两个植物群落在不同时期所呈现的自然景观不一样。群落科、属、种的数量差异明显。原鸭脚木-九节-铁线蕨群落2013年共有26科36属39种,2018年共有19科29属30种,2019年共有32科51属61种;原绒毛润楠-瓜馥木-团羽铁线蕨群落2013年共有25科30属33种,2018年共有24科33属33种,2019年共有42科67属83种。两个植物群落乔木层、灌木层、草本层三个层次的物种多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数几乎都呈先下降再上升的趋势。演替系列中,乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种组成均表现出耐荫种替代非耐荫种的趋势,且植物群落的层次由简单趋向复杂。     

Effects of simulated microgravity on the germination and elongation of protonemata of Adiantum capillus-veneris

Germination of spores and elongation of protonemata of Adiantum capillus-veneris L., which can be controlled by light irradiation, were examined under various gravitational conditions including microgravity simulated by a three-dimensional clinostat. The elongation of protonemata that had been irradiated from below and grew downwards was greater than that of protonemata growing horizontally or upwards. Under microgravity, protonemata were shorter than the controls. Germination of spores, direction of growth, and cell division were not affected by gravitational conditions.     

广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅱ.铁角蕨属

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产9种铁角蕨属植物即拟狭翅铁角蕨、黑柄铁角蕨、剑叶铁角蕨、长生铁角蕨、岭南铁角蕨、石生铁角蕨、阴湿铁角蕨、半边铁角蕨和细裂铁角蕨植物的孢子形态进行了观察,对每个种的形态特征进行了详细描述,其中5种铁角蕨属植物孢子的表面纹饰为首次报道。结果如下:9种铁角蕨属植物孢子都为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形或近圆形,赤道面观为肾形、椭圆形或近圆形。主要纹饰类型有翅脊状纹饰、翅状纹饰和脊状纹饰类型。讨论了各种间的差异。为铁角蕨属的分类和系统演化研究提供孢粉学的资料。     

Compositional changes in germinating spores ofAdiantum capillus-veneris L.

Spores ofAdiantum capillus-veneris L. incubated at 25 C for 3 days in the dark were irradiated with continuous red light to induce spore germination and cell growth during following 7 days. A portion of spores were cultured for 8 days in the dark as non-irradiated control. Rhizoidal and protonemal cells were observed at 3 days after transferring spores to the irradiation conditions. During 10 days of the experimental period, changes in the contents of following cell constituents were investigated: total lipid, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, insoluble glucan, organic acid, protein, soluble α-amino N, and major free amino acids. A large part of nutrient reserves of spores was found to be lipid, whose content decreased markedly as spores germinated. Soluble and insoluble carbohydrates also provided carbon and energy sources during imbibition and germination. Two main reserve proteins were detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These proteins disappeared mostly during germination. Major free amino acids could be assorted into three groups by their patterns of fluctuation during the germination.     

Taxonomic Revision of Adiantum ser. Venusta Ching (Pteridaceae) from Pan Himalayas*

Based on morphological study of specimens and extensive fieldwork, with the analysis of the micromorphology and phytogeographic materials, the series Venusta of Adiantum from Pan Himalayas was taxonomically revised. It turns out that the shapes of indusia on fertile pinnules and the morphological characteristics of apical serrations on ultimate pinnules and the microstructures of scales are the most important characters for species identification. Seven species and two varieties were recognized from Pan Himalayas: Adiantum roborowskii, A. roborowskii var. robustum, Abonatianum, Afengianum, Afimbriatum, Adavidii, Adavidii var. longispina, Avenustum and Atibeticum. Three published names were reduced to synonyms: Adiantum breviserratum was synonym of Afimbriatum, Adiantum erythrochlamys was synonym of Aroborowskii var. robustum and Adiantum bonatianum var. subaristatum was synonym of Abonatianum.     

中国苔类孢子形态的研究

通过电镜扫描方法 ,研究了 3个属 9种的中国叶状体苔类植物 :稀枝钱苔 (RicciahuebenerianaLindb .)、宽翅钱苔 (R .hantamensisPerold .)、曲脊钱苔 (R .cavernosaHoffm .)、R .warnstorfiiLimpr.exWarnst.、小孢钱苔 (R .frostiiAust.)、中华钱苔 (R .chinensisHerz .)、东亚花萼苔 (Asterellayoshinagana (Horik .)Horik .)、矮网花萼苔 (A .sanguiniaL .etL .)、背托苔 (Preissiaquadrata) (Scop .)Nees.)。对上述种类的孢子形态特征进行了描述。研究发现 ,上述 3属的孢子形态特征具有明显差异。而且同一属的孢子形态特征也存在差异 ,甚至可以作为种类划分的依据之一。同时采自不同地点的同一种类其孢子形态有时具微小的差别。这可能是由于生态环境差异所造成的     

假鞭叶铁线蕨配子体发育的研究

用1/2MS培养基培养假鞭叶铁线蕨(Adiantum mdesianum Chatak)孢子,光学显微镜下观察孢子萌发及配子体发育过程.结果表明:成熟的孢子棕红色,不透明,四面体型,辐射对称,三裂缝.接种6 d左右孢子萌发,萌发类型为紫萁型(Osmunda-type),原叶体发育为铁线蕨型(Adiantum-type).接种25 d左右片状体形成.接种50 d左右发育为成熟原叶体,呈心脏形,裸露无毛状体.接种60 d左右性器官出现,雌雄同株.精子器长圆球形,由3细胞构成;成熟颈卵器颈部由4列细胞组成,3～5层细胞高.     

Hydrolytic enzyme activities in germinating spores ofAdiantum capillus-veneris L.

Changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities were investigated during spore germination ofAdiantum capillus-veneris L. The spores were incubated for 3 days in the dark at 25 C for imbibition, and then germination of the spores was induced by continuous irradiation with red light. At day 2 after onset of the red light irradiation, rhizoids appeared out of spore coats and protonemal cells became visible on the following day. Lipase occurred in dry spores and its activity decreased during 3 days of dark incubation. The activity started to increase when the spore germination was induced by red light irradiation. On the other hand, amylolytic and aminopeptidase activities which were also detected in dry spores decreased continuously during the dark incubation and following the germination process. RNase activity also decreased during 3 days of dark incubation but the activity was retained thereafter at a constant level with or without red light irradiation. Developmental patterns of these hydrolytic enzymes were classified into two groups: One decreased during imbibition and dark incubation but increased after red light irradiation and the other continuously decreased during dark incubation and germination. These results are discussed in relation to compositional changes of cell constitutions such as lipid, sugars, proteins and amino acids during spore germination.     

Control of expression of a gene encoding an extensin by phytochrome and a blue light receptor in spores of Adiantum capillus-veneris L.

In the present study, using a newly developed fluorescent differential display technique, we have carried out large-scale screening for genes whose expression was regulated by phytochrome and antagonistically by a blue light receptor in the spores of the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Spores after imbibition were briefly irradiated with red, red/blue or blue light and collected 8 h after the irradiation. Total RNA was isolated from each sample and used to make cDNA with an oligo-dT primer. The cDNA was then used as a template for PCR with the oligo-dT primer and 80 arbitrary primers. The resulting PCR products were analyzed by an automated fluorescent DNA sequencer. Among 8000 displayed bands, we identified 15 upregulated and four down-regulated bands by red light, and this red light effect was irreversibly reversed by blue light. We cloned one of the up-regulated cDNA fragments and used it to screen a cDNA library prepared from the spores. The isolated insert is predicted to encode Ser-(Pro) _n repeats and showed homology with cell wall-associated extensins. The expression of this cDNA was induced 8 h after a red light treatment and the red light induction was photoreversibly prevented by far-red light and photo-irreversibly by blue light. The mRNA of this gene was detectable 4 h after red light irradiation and gradually increased in germinating spores.     

菰属系统与演化研究—胚形态

本文采用光学显微镜对全世界菰属４种２亚种及其有关属种共４属７种的胚形态进行系统研究后,获得菰属Ｚｉｚａｎｉａ Ｌ．与山涧草Ｃｈｉｋｕｓｉｃｈｌｏａ ａｐｕａｔｉｃａ Ｋｏｉｄｚ．的胚型为Ｆ＋ＦＰ,稻Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．与拟菰Ｚｉｚａｎｉｏｐｓｉｓ ｍｉｌｉａｃｅａ（Ｍｉｃｈｘ．）Ｄｏｅｌｌ ＆ Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ．的胚型为Ｆ＋ＦＰ,其中山涧草的胚型为首次报导。根据胚型,这４属均应位在禾本科Ｇ