Morphofunctional changes in the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory bed of the uterus and its regional lymph nodes in venous congestion during pregnancy

Interrelations of the blood and lymphatic systems of the uterus have been examined in rats at pregnancy complicated with the ++phlebo-occlusive syndrome. Blood stream impediment in the caudal vena cava results in increasing diameter of the arterioles, capillaries and venules of the endo- and myometrium. Certain disturbances of blood circulation in the uterus at the ++phlebo-cclusive syndrome in the pregnancy animals, as a rule, reflect in the uterine lymph outflow; this is demonstrated as dilatation and deformity of the lymphatic vessels and capillaries, appearance of protrusions of the lymphatic vessels wall. There is a definite co-ordination in the reaction to the caudal vena cava occlusion in the intra-, ++extra-organic uterine lymphatic bed and in its regional lymph nodes, manifested as the following morphological signs: decreasing relative volume, that the lymphoid tissue occupies and increasing relative volume of the cortical and medullary intermediate sinuses.     

Reorganization of the lymphomicrocirculatory bed of human myocardium in ontogenesis

By means of Gerota mass and silver nitrate solution, injected into the myocardium and its vessels, as well as using the scanning electron microscopy technique for corrosive casts, links of the human myocardial lymphomicrocirculatory bed have been studied, beginning from 6-9-month-old fetuses up to elderly and old age persons. Changes in form, dimensions and amount per a volumetric unit have been stated in myocardial capillaries and postcapillaries. These signs demonstrate that the myocardial lymphatic system has different importance for each stage of individual development of the human heart.     

Immunohistochemical localisation of ET-1 and eNOS in lymphatic stomata of the porcine broad ligament of the uterus

Immunohistochemical localization and distribution of endothelin (ET-1) and nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were investigated in lymphatic stomata in areas of their special accumulation in the porcine broad ligament during the estrous cycle. The study was performed using polyclonal antibody for ET-1 and monoclonal antibody for eNOS. ET-1 and eNOS immunoreactivities were demonstrated in some thin endothelial lymphatic lacuna walls throughout the estrous cycle. In the mesothelial cell layer, ET-1 and eNOS were detected only in stomata-related cuboidal mesothelial cells, however, the intensity of the immunostaining and distribution of the positive cells varied during the cycle. These results suggest that ET-1 and eNOS can play a role in mechanisms regulating the tone of lymphatic stomata during the absorption and passage of fluids, particles and cells from the peritoneal cavity to lymphatic vessels in the porcine broad ligament.     

Vascularization of broad ligament of uterus and its relationship with fetal and placental development in gilts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of vascular architecture of broad ligament of the uterus on fetal and placental development in gilts. Fifteen gilts DB-90 (DanBred) were divided into three groups according to gestational age at slaughter (50, 80, and 106 days). After slaughter, fetuses and placentas were collected, weighed, and measured. The uterine arterial system was detached by latex repletion for quantification of the number and diameter of the terminal vessels in different regions of the uterine horns (apex, middle region, and base). Fetal and placental measurements were statistically analyzed and correlated with the number and diameter of arteries in each uterine segment. No correlation was observed (P > 0.10) between the number and diameter of arteries destined to the uterus with the number or weight of fetuses or placental weight in any gestational group. It was observed (P < 0.05) that more vessels destined to the medium region of the uterine horns, independent of the gestational age or uterus side. At the 80th day of gestation, fetuses located at the base of the uterus have (P < 0.05) smaller cephalic and thoracic perimeters. It was concluded that there were differences in vascularization of broad ligament that irrigates the different uterine segments, but this was not sufficient to influence the development of fetuses in gilts. The middle region of the uterine horns was the segment with a greater number of vessels, regardless of gestational age.     

Effects of the collateral circulation of the heart

Collateral circulation minimizes the myocardial injury which results from narrowing of a coronary artery. A large collateral circulation has disadvantages, however. It may divert so much of the limited blood flow through the adjacent nonarteriosclerotic coronary artery that the blood supply of the normal muscle supplied by that artery may be inadequate during heavy exercise. In the presence of a large collateral circulation, both the normal and ischemic regions of the heart may be extremely vulnerable to small arteriosclerotic changes narrowing the patent artery near the aorta. The effective increase in flow which results from arteriolar vasodilatation produced by drugs may be much greater in the presence of a small collateral circulation than a large one.     

Temperature dependent behavior of the canine medial collateral ligament

The temperature dependent tensile behavior of ligament was investigated from 2 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Nondestructive cyclic tests were performed on ten canine femur-medial collateral ligament-tibia (FMT) complexes at sequential temperatures of 22 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 27 degrees C, 32 degrees C, 37 degrees C, and again at 22 degrees C. The samples were rested at zero load between tests for sufficient time periods to allow for full recovery from the ligament's time and history dependent viscoelastic properties. Ten additional FMT complexes were sequentially tested in a similar fashion, but at temperatures of 22 degrees C, 22 degrees C, 2 degrees C, 6 degrees C, 14 degrees C, and 22 degrees C. All canine FMT complexes showed temperature dependent viscoelastic properties: the measured area of hysteresis decreased with increasing temperature; the cyclic load relaxation behavior plateaued to a higher value at lower temperatures; and the tensile load at a predetermined ligament substance strain level had an inversely proportional relationship with respect to temperature.