广西沿阶草属一新种

<正> 根粗,直径3—5毫米,木质化、中空。茎长,下部平卧地面,上部向上斜升,直径1—2厘米,节上被残存的叶鞘,每隔几节生叶簇。叶禾叶状,长34—80厘米,宽1.3—2.6厘米,先端渐尖或钝,向基部渐狭成不明显的柄,具膜质鞘,上面绿色,下面淡绿色,具灰绿色纵条纹,有多数脉。总状花序1(-2)个,从茎顶端的叶丛中抽出,短于叶,长(6-)9     

PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS ROSTANGA (NUDIBRANCHIA), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Rostanga elandsia sp. nov., Rostanga aureamala sp. nov. andRostanga phepha sp. nov. are characterized by having the radulawith slender innermost lateral teeth, which lack denticles onthe inner side of the cusp and have a single denticle on theouter side. The outermost lateral teeth of these three speciesare elongate, but shorter than in other species of the genus.In addition, R. aureamala is the only species of the genus withrachidian teeth and R. phepha is unique within the genus Rostanga byvirtue of its white coloration with dark spots. A phylogenetic analysis shows that the three new species fromSouth Africa and Rostanga setidens (Odhner, 1939) are the sistergroup of the rest of the genus. The species from Japan and MarshallIslands (North Pacific Ocean) are basal in the sister cladecontaining the other species of Rostanga Bergh, 1879. The tropicalIndo-Pacific species of Rostanga are not monophyletic. The Atlanticand Eastern Pacific species form a monophyletic, derived clade,being the sister group of Rostanga australis Rudman & Avern,1989, which has a narrow range restricted to south eastern Australia.The widespread Indo-Pacific species Rostanga bifurcata Rudman& Avern, 1989, is the sister group of Rostanga dentacus Rudman& Avern, 1989, also widesprad in the tropical western Pacific. This phylogeny suggest s a viariant origin of the Sourth African, Atlantic-EasternPacific, and probably North Pacific species, whereas in thetropical Indo-Pacific most sister speceis are sympatric. (Received 16 May 1999; accepted 31 July 2000)     

NOTOLIMEA CLANDESTINA A NEW SPECIES OF NEOTENOUS BIVALVE (BIVALVIA: LIMIDAE) ENDEMIC TO THE STRAIT OF GIBRALTAR

Notolimea clandestina new species (Bivalvia: Limidae) is describedfrom the littoral of the Strait of Gibraltar. The small size(1 mm) and the persistence of the larval hinge suggest a neotenousspecies. Its area of distribution is likely to be restrictedto the Strait of Gibraltar. (Received 7 July 1993; accepted 2 December 1993)     

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES BELONGING TO THE FAMILY PHYLLIDIIDAE (NUDIBRANCHIA: DORIDOIDEA)

A new genus of phyllidiid nudibranch, Reticulidia, is described.Distinguishing features are the reticulate pattern of smoothridges on the dorsum and the radially arranged, glandular discswhich make up the pharyngeal bulb. Additional features of theforegut are described and compared with other genera. The importanceof the alimentary system for the separation of genera withinthe Phyllidiidae is supported and its validity reinforced bythis new genus. One species, Reticulidia halgerda, is describedas new and differentiated from a second, sympatric species.Reticulidia is presently known from the eastern Indian Ocean,South China Sea and western Pacific Ocean. ^*Present address: Australian Biological and Environmental Survey,Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service. GPO Box 1383,Canberra. ACT 2601. Australia. (Received 15 August 1989; accepted 8 January 1990)     

台湾海峡水螅水母纲—新属二新种记述

记述台湾海峡生物综合调查区水螅水母纲1新属2新种,即花水母亚纲面具水母科台湾似内胞水母Paraeuphysilla taiwanensis Xu,Huang et Guo,gen.nov.et sp.nov.与软水母亚纲多管水母科平枝多管水母Zygocanna planatus Xu,Huang et Wang,sp.nov..此外,还报道了1种黑圆口水母Stomotoca atra L.Agassiz,1862在我国海域首次记录.模式标本保存在国家海洋局第三海洋研究所.     

金粟兰科的起源、演化及其分布

本文利用形态解剖、孢粉学及化石资料,讨论了金粟兰科的系统;并对其起源、演化和现代分布格局形成等问题做了合理推测,主要结果如下：（l）Sarcandra和chloranthus的亲缘关系最接近,而Ascarina和Hedyosmum的系统位置最靠近．Sarcandra是金粟兰科中最原始的属,而Hedyosmum则是最进化的属。（2）金粟兰科可能于白垩纪最早期起源于木质部无导管的、具简单两性虫媒花的祖先,从这个祖先分化出虫媒两性花的Sarcandra和Chloranthus和风媒单性花Ascarina和Hedyosmum。(3)印度支那植物区和马来西亚植物区包含了金粟兰科的全部属和大部分原始种类,是金粟兰科的现代分布中心;也可能是其起源地。（4）金粟兰科起源较早容易扩散到各个大陆,随大陆解体而被带到各大洲。并随古气候、古地理的演变而发展或衰退、消亡而形成今天的分布格局。     

笼头菌属一新种

本文报道了采白海南岛南部地区笼头菌属(Clathrus Mich：Pers．)一个新种,即：海南笼头菌Clathrus hainanensis X．L Wu sp．nov.。文中对新种的形态特征作了拉丁文和汉文的描述,附有新种担子果和孢子(扫描电镜)照片,并讨论了新种与本属其他种的区别。主模式标本保存于贵州科学院真菌标本室(HGAS),副模式标本保存于中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)。     

鬼笔属一新种

本文报道了鬼笔属一新种:南昌鬼笔Phallus nanchangensis Z.Z.He这个新种与红鬼笔 Phallus rubicundus(Bosc) Fr.相似,但新种有发育不良的菌幕残片和更小的孢子而又与红鬼笔有明显区别。附有拉丁文及中文描述。模式标本(87010)保藏于江西大学生物系标本室。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属一新种

<正> 根状茎匍匐,近圆柱形,直径5—7毫米,具密的节和鳞片,有多数伸长的根。叶鞘3—4枚,紫褐色,长1.3—6.5厘米,抱着叶基,枯后裂成纤维状。叶单生,彼此相距0.4—8厘米,叶片椭圆形或椭圆状披针形,长12—23厘米,宽4.5—7(—9.5)厘米,先端渐尖,基部阔楔形或近圆形,有时两侧不等,两面绿色,通常具少许黄白色斑点,叶柄坚硬,长5—14厘米,上面具槽。总花梗通常2—5枚簇生,长0.5—2.5厘米,具4—6枚苞片;苞片     

新疆鹿蹄草属一新种

本种近似P.chloranthac Sw.,但叶较大,卵形或卵状椭圆形,尊片披针形或卵状披针形,很好区别。     

西藏岩蜥属一新种描述：（蜥蜴亚目：鬣蜥科）

９９５～１９９６年,作者撰写《中国动物志·蜥蜴亚目》卷鬣蜥科岩蜥属（Ｌａｕｄａｋｉａ）时,曾详细研究了中国科学院成都生物研究所两栖爬行动物研究室收藏的岩蜥属全部标本,发现其中采自西藏自治区扎达县的１号雄性标本是未经描述的新种,将其订名为西藏岩蜥（Ｌａｕｄａｋｉａｐａｐｅｎｆｕｓｉ）。其种名取自美国柏克利加州大学脊椎动物学博物馆ＴｈｅｏｄｏｒｅＪ．Ｐａｐｅｎｆｕｓ先生的姓氏。Ｐａｐｅｎｆｕｓｓ先生在本世纪８０年代与我所合作进行我国西部两栖爬行动物分类与生态的研究,曾数次到西藏野外工作。西藏岩蜥与南亚岩蜥（Ｌａｕｄａｋｉａｔｕｂｅｒｃｕｌａｔａ）相近,二者的主要区别在于：（１）前者鼻鳞椭圆形,鼻孔开口于其中央;后者鼻鳞梨形,鼻孔开口于其膨大部。（２）前者上鼻鳞１枚;后者上鼻鳞２枚。（３）前者上睫脊较不发达,脊缘钝且不上翘;后者上睫脊发达,脊缘锐利且向上翘。（４）前者体背及体侧分散有多数较小浅色点斑,点斑处为普通小鳞片,体背及体侧分散的若干较大锥鳞都不位于浅色点斑处;后者体背及体侧分散有若干橘黄色圆斑,圆斑所在或为１枚大的锥鳞,或为数枚较大刺鳞,或为中央１枚大的锥鳞围以一圈小鳞,圆斑之外无刺鳞或锥鳞。     

云南瑞香属一新种

<正> 簇花瑞香 新种 图1 Daphne fasciculiflora T. Z. Hsu, sp. nov. Species affinis D. altaica Pall. a qua inflorescentia pedunculo nullo; foliis margine revolutis, apice acuminatis; disco cupulari, margine irregulariter partitis differt. Frutex; 0.5 in altus; ramuli hornotini cinereo-fusci, leviter striati, flavescenti-tomentosi, vetustiores brunnei, glabri. Folia alterna,     

中国芍药属一新种

本文发表了芍药属一新种,即阿尔泰芍药Paeonia altaica K.M.Dai et T.H.Ying本文从植物花的大小,花瓣的形态,花粉粒电镜扫描,根的组织构造中木栓组织的形态,淀粉粒的大小,及薄层定性等多方面与川赤芍比较均有明显不同,故认为新种有足够理由成立。     

安徽细辛属一新种

本文发表了细辛属一新种,即大别山细辛Asarum dabieshanense D.Q.Wang et S.H.Hwang sp.nov.。     

中国灯笼草属一新种

灯笼草属(Palhinhaea)是石松科(Lycopodiaceae sen.str.)一个属,其模式种为Lycopodium cernuum Linn.=Palhinhaea cernua (Linn.)A.Franco et Vasc.,本属通常认为有1种若干变种,广布世界热带、亚热带地区。在我国原记载有1种1变种,见于长江以南各省区。     

拟层孔菌属一新种

本文报道了拟层孔菌属一新种,安徽拟层孔菌(Fomitopsis anhuiensis X.F.Ren etX.Q.Zhang)同时讨论了该种与近似种的区别。新种的模式标本分别保藏在安徽师范大学生物系植物标本室(No.8301)和中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS 54121)。     

水竹叶属一新种

<正> 多年生水生草本,高达30厘米,具须根;茎匍匐,多分枝,上升,节间1.5—7厘米,粗 1—3 毫米,具条棱,被一列多细胞短柔毛。叶鞘长 5—6 毫米,口部密被多细胞睫毛;叶全部茎生,无毛,心形,稀卵形,长 1—3 厘米,宽 0.8—2 厘米,顶端急尖或钝,基部通常浅心形,抱茎,稀圆形,边全缘,无柄。花通常2—4朵簇生于叶腋;苞片卵状矩圆形,长5—7毫米,宽3毫米,膜质;花梗挺直,长约1.4厘米,果时可达2厘米,被短柔毛,中部行有一关节;萼片绿色,卵形,无毛,长约4毫米,宽约2.5毫     

中国扁胸切叶蚁属一新种及红蚁属一新纪录种(膜翅目,蚁科)

报道了采自湖北西部地区的扁胸切叶蚁属1新种和红蚁属中国1新纪录种,即亮颚扁胸切叶蚁Vollenhovialucimandibula sp.nov.和乌尔班红蚁Myrmica urbanii Radchenko et Elmes.新种与埃氏扁胸切叶蚁V.emeryi Wheeler相似,但新种身体黑褐色,第2结节背面具密集粗糙刻点,上颚光亮无刻点.模式标本保存于湖北民族学院昆虫标本室.     

海南红花荷属一新种

<正> 广卵叶红花荷 罗多木 新种 Rhodoleia latiovatifolia G. A. Fu, sp. nov. A Rhodoleia stenopetala H. T. Chang, foliis lateovatis, pedunculo 2.8—4.0 cm longo, petalis 5—6 mm latis differt. Etiam affinis Rhodoleia championii Benth. Quae foliis ovatis, usque ad 6.5 cm latis, pedunculo 2—3 cm     

单主菌属一新种*

报导寄生于我国水龟虫科Hydrophilidae榄形赖牙甲Regimbartiaattenuata昆虫上的虫囊菌目Laboulbeniales单主菌属Autoicomyces一新种:中华单主菌Autoicomyceschinensis,有显微结构图、拉丁文简介及中文描述。所研究的全部标本保存在广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMIGD)。