Effect of various kanamycin dosage forms in experimental nonpenetrating infected injuries to the cornea]

Animals with experimental non-penetrating local wound of the cornea of the type of erosion infected with highly virulent strains of Staph. aureus were treated at various periods, i.e. in 15 minutes, 2, 6 and 9 hours with kanamycin solution (10000 gamma/ml) and kanamycin imbibized films. The therapeutic effect of the kanamycin solution on the non-penetrating infected wound of the cornea was higher when the treatment was started at earlier periods after infection with Staph. aureus. At later periods when the inflammatory process was highly developed the effect of the kanamycin solution on the wound was lower. As for the use of the kanamycin films the regularity was the reverse: they had a higher therapeutic effect in pronounced inflammation and highly developed infection of the eye.     

Comparative study of the quantitative determination of kanamycin sulfate in ophthalmic films with a collagen base by microbiological and chemical methods

The results of the comparative study on microbiological and chemical quantitative determination of kanamycin sulfate in the ophthalmic films with the collagen base are presented. The intraocular films prepared with the use of 1 per cent collagen solution contain dexamethasone and kanamycin. The agar diffusion method with Bacillus pumilus NCTC 8241 as the test microbe and the photocolorimetric method based on estimation of the optical density of the colored compound formed after acid hydrolysis of kanamycin with orcinol and ferric chloride were used for the quantitative determination of kanamycin. The results of the quantitative determinations of kanamycin in the films with the two methods did not differ significantly. However, the error of the microbiological method was +/- 3,75 per cent, whereas that of the chemical method was +/- 1.23 per cent or approximately 3 times lower. The time of the analysis decreased from 24 to 1.5-2 h. Moreover, the chemical method is simple and readily reproducible.     

Prevention of the formation of drug resistance in bacterial populations by using biologically active substances

The patients with infected wounds of the extremities were treated with kanamycin electrophoresis in combination with chlorhexidine bigluconate, an antiseptic. As compared to the patients treated with kanamycin alone, the rate of the wound size decrease in such patients was 2 times higher. The levels of microbial contamination in these patients were much lower. The contamination level with the aerobic flora was 4.8 times lower, including staphylococci, the level of contamination with which was 5.9 times lower. The contamination level with the kanamycin-resistant bacteria was 22 times lower. The treatment with kanamycin alone resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in the number of the antibiotic-resistant variants in the microbial populations of the wounds. In 48.2 per cent of the patients, this was accompanied by development of resistance to kanamycin in the whole microbial population of the wound. The development of the kanamycin resistance in the staphylococcal populations of 18.1 per cent of the patients was associated with changed sensitivity of the initial strains and in 81.9 per cent of the patients, with superinfection by the resistant strains. No changes in the kanamycin sensitivity of the initial gram-negative organisms during the treatment were observed. The use of chlorhexidine bigluconate, as a biologically active substance in combination with kanamycin potentiated the action of the antibiotic, prevented development and accumulation of the antibiotic-resistant variants in the microbial populations of the wounds and development of the drug resistance in these populations.     

超声波辅助农杆菌介导的小麦遗传转化初步研究

报道了一种改进的小麦转化方法——超声波辅助的农杆菌转化法。发芽的小麦种子经超声波处理20min后再经农杆菌浸染,浸染后的种子按正常播种和栽培管理至结实,对收获的成熟种子进行卡那霉素抗性筛选。结果表明,受试的4个小麦品种均得到抗性后代,PCR扩增结果证明这些抗性植株是转化植株。GUS染色结果表明不经超声波处理的种子几乎看不到转化的细胞,但经过超声波处理的种子,幼苗基部的细胞转化成功。研究表明,利用超声波辅助的农杆菌转化方法转化小麦能产生可遗传的后代。     

Effectiveness of gentamicin sulfate in suppurative-inflammatory processes of varying localization]

Antibiotic sensitivity of 486 strains of grampositive and gramnegative organisms isolated from patients with purulent infections was studied in vitro. Gentamicin was shown to be highly active as compared to kanamycin and other antibiotics against the main causative agents of purulent inflammatory infections including multiresistant E. coli, Proteus, Ps. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus. High efficiency of gentamicin in therapy of peritonitis, septic conditions, purulent postoperative wounds, infections of the urinary tract, pneumonia, etc. (197 patients) was shown. Positive results were obtained in 87.4 per cent of the cases. Side effects, such as albuminuria, hyperthermic reaction, rash, pruritis were registered in 3 per cent of the patients.     

The Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Positive Serological Test Results Among Cornea Donors

Purpose. We have noticed that the incidence of positive serological tests of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among cornea donors in our eye bank is higher than expected. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of these positive findings and identify the contributory risk factors. Methods. All corneas procured between June 1993 and June 1997 were included in this retrospective study. In all cases a routine work-up, including serological testing of donors' sera and evaluation of the procured corneas, was performed prior to corneal transplantation. Donors found to be positive for HCV antibodies were compared to our general population of corneal donors, with respect to the demographic, serological and ophthalmological data obtained during the transplantation work-up. Results. All 851 corneas procured from 438 donors were included. Antibodies to HCV were found in 29 donors (6.6%). Following positive test results, 57 corneas (6.7%) were discarded. The time from donors' death to cornea procurement was significantly longer among HCV-positive patients than in the general donor population (12.3 vs. 9.3h, p<0.0003). No other differences were detected between the two groups. Conclusion. Delay in harvesting of donated corneas may give rise to false positive HCV-antibodies test results, which may be partially responsible for the high rate of positive findings among cornea donors, with consequent tissue wastage.     

Changes in electrophysical properties of Escherichia coli K-12 cells under the action of kanamycin and tetracycline

Essential changes in the orientation spectra (OS) of cell suspensions incubated at different concentrations of kanamycin, were found to occur only in the first 5 frequencies of the orienting electrical field (10-1,000 kHz)). The maximum change in the intensity of the electrooptical signal occurred at a concentration of kanamycin of 10 microg/ml. Antibiotic concentration of 5 microg/ml caused no changes in OS. During the incubation of the cells with tetracycline (1.7, 2.5, 5.0 microg/ml) no changes in OS of the cell suspension were registered. Considerable changes in the intensity of the electrooptical signal occurred during the incubation of the cells with kanamycin (5 microg/ml) and tetracycline (1.7 microg/ml) simultaneously, which was due to the synergic action of these two antibiotics. Thus, as found with the use of the electrooptical analysis, the joint action of kanamycin and tetracycline could increase their antibacterial effect. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of using electrophysical methods for the study of the mechanism of action of antibiotics on bacterial cells and for the control of such action.     

Aérosolthérapie à la kanamycine dans 200 cas de suppurations bronchopulmonaires

This paper describes the results obtained in 200 patients with bronchopulmonary suppurative diseases who received kanamycin aerosol therapy under intermittent positive pressure and in whom bacterial sensitivity study (antibiogram) was favourable.This method of treatment was well tolerated and was practically free of side effects. In most cases the improvement was rapid, was maintained and was often life-saving.The first series contained nine patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and a constant finding of sputum positive for Koch bacillus; four of these became negative after eight weeks of treatment. This suggested that kanamycin aerosol therapy had some effect on the Koch bacillus and that the study should be continued with a much larger group of patients with tuberculous suppurative pulmonary diseases to determine the efficacy of this antibiotic.     

Effects of Treatment on the Mortality Rate in Septicaemia

The results of treatment have been analysed in 173 patients with septicaemia during 1962–8. Between 1962 and 1965 various antibiotics were used, and shock was treated with vasopressor agents. Between 1966 and 1968 kanamycin was given initially, and shock was treated with corticosteroids and with intravenous fluid therapy monitored with a central venous pressure manometer.The mortality rate in 1966–8 fell to half that of the earlier period in patients with Gram-negative infections, and in those with shock. The reduced mortality in the latter was clearly associated with the use of a central venous manometer to control intravenous fluid therapy, though whether the reduction resulted from specific improvement in intravenous therapy or from the necessary closer observation of the patient is not clear. Staphylococcal septicaemia was common during both periods, and its mortality rate did not fall; hence methicillin together with kanamycin is now given initially in all cases.     

卡那霉素在转基因芥菜中的应用

为了找出芥菜 (Brassica juncea Coss.) 遗传转化中最佳的卡那霉素(Kan)筛选浓度, 将芥菜的子叶接种于含有不同浓度Kan的分化培养基中, 当Kan浓度达到 30 mg/L时, 外植体的分化完全受到抑制。将芥菜种子播种于含有不同浓度Kan的培养基中, 当Kan浓度达到200 mg/L时, 长出的幼苗完全白化; 利用叶片涂抹方法, 将不同浓度的Kan涂抹于田间生长的植株叶片上, 当Kan浓度达到200 mg/L时, 被处理的叶片完全变白。为了对转基因芥菜后代中外源基因的分离情况进行遗传学分析, 分别用200 mg/L的Kan处理以npt-Ⅱ基因为选择标记基因的转基因芥菜的种子和转基因芥菜后代植株的叶片, 利用χ2测验分析试验结果, 4个含有单拷贝外源基因的转基因株系后代, 对Kan的抗感分离都符合3︰1的分离规律; 而2个含有双拷贝外源基因的转基因株系, 其中一个对Kan的抗感分离符合3︰1而不符合15︰1, 另一个对Kan的抗感分离既符合3︰1也符合 15︰1, 双拷贝外源基因在转基因芥菜中的整合方式有待进一步的研究。最后, 用PCR分析证实了该方法的准确性, 因此, 利用Kan对转基因芥菜后代进行筛选是可行的。     

中华结缕草对卡那霉素敏感性的研究

通过室内发芽试验研究了卡那霉素对中华结缕草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,卡那霉素处理对中华结缕草种子萌发影响不显著,而不同浓度及不同处理时间则对其幼苗生长影响显著。随着卡那霉素处理浓度增高,中华结缕草的株高、根系生长及侧根发生受抑制程度加重,白化率增大;随着处理天数的延长,株高、根系生长量降低。综合各项指标,确定卡那霉素最佳浓度为75 mg/L,最佳处理时间为6~10 d。     

Clinical use of rubomycin in neuroblastoma in children]

The results of treatment of 23 children at the age of 7 months to 11 years suffering from neuroblastoma are presented; 22 patients with tumors, relapses or metastases were subjected to the treatment and 1 child was treated prophylactically after radical operation. Four patients were subjected to roentgen therapy in addition to the treatment with rubomycin. The antibiotic was administered intravenously in doses of 0.7--1.5 mg/kg in 1--3 days or daily. The caurse dose (3--12 mg/kg) was determined by the treatment efficiency and the side reactions. The objective effect was observed in 68 per cent of the patients, including the pronounced objective effect (marks 3 and 2) in 41 per cent of the cases. Leucopenia (less than 4000 cells in 1 mm3 of the blood). thrombocytopenia, vomiting (or nousea) and changes in the ECG were registered in 20 (87 per cent), 4,9 and 2 patients respectively. When the results of the treatment were positive, repeated courses of the therapy within 1.5--2 years were carried out; 18 patients died within 4 months to 2 years after the first course of the treatment with rubomycin because of the disease development. No signs of the disease were observed in 4 children with in 3--6 years of observation.     

Binding of ColE1-kan Plasmid DNA by Tobacco Protoplasts: Nonexpression of Plasmid Gene

Protoplasts prepared from cultured tobacco cells were treated with ColE1-kan plasmid DNA, a hybrid of ColE1 and pSC105 plasmids bearing a gene for kanamycin resistance. The conditions employed permitted the uptake or irreversible binding of 2.9% of the added DNA in acid-insoluble form. Upon commencement of division, the treated cells were plated in agar medium containing kanamycin and differentiating hormones. Plantlets or shoots obtained as presumptive transformants were further tested on kanamycin medium by subculturing small leaf pieces. No evidence was obtained for expression of the kanamycin resistance gene of ColE1-kan in tobacco tissue.     

甘蓝型油菜抗虫转基因植株及其抗性分析

通过油菜子叶外植体－农杆菌共培养法将苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因导入甘蓝型油菜,获得抗虫的转基因植株。带有１￣２ｍｍ子叶柄的油菜子叶经农杆菌感染后,共培养２￣３天,然后转移到附加１５ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的ＭＳ选择培养基上筛选转化愈伤组织及不定芽。卡那霉素抗性苗相继在含２０￣５０ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的选择培养基上继代培养,再转移到含２５ｍｇ／Ｌ卡那霉素的生根培养基上诱导生根。以苏云金杆菌杀虫蛋白基因为探针,进行１     

Use of loading doses of bifidumbacterin forte for treatment of patients with acute enteric infections

The clinical observation of patients with acute enteric infections (AEI), treated with loading doses of Bifidumbacterin forte during the first 2 days of the disease, was carried out. The preparation was shown to produce a positive effect on the course of AEI: salmonellosis, alimentary toxicoinfections, acute, dysentery. The early decrease of the manifestations of intoxication, pain syndrome, diarrhea, as well as the acceleration of convalescence in comparison with standard treatment, were noted. The most essential dynamics was registered in salmonellosis patients. The analysis of clinical results allowed to recommend the use of loading doses of Bifidumbacterin forte, a probiotic with high colonization potential to normalize the microbiocenosis of the intestine in AEI.     

The effect of antibiotic treatment on the in vivo selection of resistant haemolytic Escherichia coli clones in mice

Abstract The appearance of resistant haemolytic Escherichia coli clones was studied in mice treated with a synergistic combination of antibiotics. The R plasmid donor and the haemolytic recipient were given orally. Ten animals were treated i.p. with 2.5 mg carbenicillin and 2.5 mg kanamycin pro die for 7 days. Ten control mice were injected with saline. Out of 80 faecal samples of animals receiving antibiotic treatment resistant haemolytic transconjugants were isolated from 13 samples by direct plating, and from 27 samples after selective enrichment. Out of 80 parallel samples of control animals a single one yielded a positive culture — after enrichment.     

SEPs in two patients with localized lesions of the postcentral gyrus

Scalp distributions of median nerve SEPs were studied in normal controls and 2 patients with localized lesions of the postcentral gyrus. In controls, parieto-occipital electrodes registered N20-P27 while frontal electrodes registered P20-N27. Other small components, parieto-occipital P22 and frontal N22, were recognized in about half of the control records. The wave forms at a frontal and a parieto-occipital electrode, both distant from the central region, formed exact mirror images of each other concerning N20-(P22)-P27 and P20-(N22)-N27. Electrodes near the central region contralateral to the stimulation registered cP22-cN30 (central P22 and central N30). When the postcentral gyrus was damaged, N20/P20-P27/N27 and cP22-cN30 were eliminated and the only remaining components were a frontal negative wave (frN) and a contralateral parieto-occipital positive wave (poP). Digital nerve stimulation also evoked poP and frN in both cases. In case 2, poP coincided with P22 of the non-affected side. The following generators were proposed; N20/P20-P27/N27: area 3b, cP22-cN30: areas 1 and 2, poP/early frN (= P22/N22): area 4 at the anterior wall of the central sulcus (due to direct thalamic inputs to motor cortex), late frN: uncertain (SMA?, SII?).     

Fromilide (clarithromycin) in eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer]

The results of two treatment regimes of duodenal ulcer associated with Helicobacter pylori are presented. The patients of the group I were treated with omeprazole, fromilid (clarithromycin) and metronidazole, the patients of the group II were treated with omeprazole, fromilid (clarithromycin) and furazolidone for 7 days. Then patients of both groups were treated with omeprazole for two weeks. Duodenal ulcer healing was registered for all 10 patients in the group I and for 8 patients (of 10 patients) in the group II. Eradication of H. pylori according to rapid urease test and PCR was confirmed for 9 and 4 patients in the group I and for all 10 patients in the group II.     

Time Dependency in the Regenerative Response to Injury of the Rat Corneal Epithelium

In the present study a central corneal epithelial defect (diameter 3.5 mm) was made in both eyes at 12:00 h in one group of rats and at 24:00 h in another group to see if the regenerative proliferation is influenced by circadian rhythms. The labeling index and the mitotic rate were registered at 4-h intervals in the perilimbal conjunctiva, the limbal area, and different parts of the cornea from the following morning until noon the day after that. The most pronounced regenerative proliferation was seen in the midperipheral and peripheral cornea. The regenerative response occurred in both groups 24-28 h after the injury, but was highly influenced by the normal circadian rhythms, especially with regard to the mitotic rate. The results support the theory that even regeneration is influenced by a circadian proliferative factor.     

Expression of fucosyltransferases in skin, conjunctiva, and cornea during human development

During human development, type-1-precursor, sialyl-Le a, and Le x antigens were present in the periderm of skin and eye at week 6. The Le x antigen disappeared from cornea at 10 weeks and then from skin at 20 weeks. H-type-1, Le a, Le b, sialyl-Le a, H-type-2, sialyl-Le x, and Le y were found in cornea, conjunctiva, and periderm between 10 and 20 weeks. They disappear from the skin (at week 20) and progressively reappear in skin derivatives, especially in the epithelium of sweat glands. The secretory part of the sweat gland is type-1-precursor and H-type-1 positive while its excretory part is Le a, Le b, sialyl-Le a, and Le y positive. On the eye surface the disappearance of Le x at 10 weeks and of the H-type-1, sialyl-Le x, and Le y at week 35 starts in the central cornea in front of the lens. The corneal epithelium and the conjunctiva have similar antigens to those of excretory and secretory parts of the sweat gland, respectively. Invaginations and folding of the epidermis might preserve the embryonic staining. We propose that fucosylation patterns are associated with the embryonic origin and differentiation stage of tissue. The early and transient presence of Le x is associated with FUT4 or FUT9 activities, while the late appearance of Lewis antigens is related to other alpha3-fucosyltransferases.