2维彩色多普勒超声与电磁流量计检测羊心输出量的对照

用2维多普勒超声检查测定心输出量来估价心功能已较普遍,一些学者报告多普勒超声检测与热稀释法同步测量的心搏量比较,相关系数0.78～0.92奠定了超声测量心输出量的基础。我们选择重复性好、彩色血流稳定的图像测量内脏四肢血管的直径与多普勒血流速度相结合对某些血流进行定量检查,为验证2D彩色多普勒超声(2D-CDU)定量的可靠性,选用山羊的主动脉根部做2D-CDU检查的同时以电磁血流定量对照,并观察羊心收缩、舒张功能的表现与人类进行对照研究。     

用双超声束多普勒效应定量测定血流速度的技术和仪器

超声多普勒血流测量技术已逐渐被广泛地应用于超声诊断中,但由于声束和血流间夹角影响(速度的)测量结果,使这种无损伤测量技术逊色不少。为了克服夹角的影响,使超声多普勒技术能用来定量地测定血流速度,目前国外已有几种方案的报道,但都有其     

脉络膜黑色素瘤miRNA 表达谱的初步研究

初步建立人脉络膜黑色素瘤的miRNA 表达谱, 并探讨相应的miRNA 在该疾病
中的功能, 为阐明脉络膜黑色素瘤发病机制寻求有效的治疗途径提供理论和实验依据.
利用miRNA 微芯片技术检测脉络膜黑色素瘤的has-miRNA 表达谱, 将4 例人脉络膜黑色
素瘤组织总RNA 分别与4 例健康人脉络膜组织对比, 筛选has-miRNA 表达情况. 根据生
物信息学的有关方法处理芯片实验数据, 筛选出共同差异表达的候选has-miRNA. 采用实
时定量PCR 的方法, 验证各候选has-miRNA 的表达情况. 将芯片和RT-PCR 两种方法结
论一致的候选hsa-miRNA确定为有意义的共同差异表达has-miRNA. 运用miRNA芯片技
术, 发现人脉络膜黑色素瘤组织中miRNA-20a, miRNA-106a, miRNA-17, miRNA-21,
miRNA-34a 明显上调表达, miRNA-145 和miRNA-204 明显下调表达. 在4 例脉络膜黑色
素瘤中, miRNA-20a, miRNA-106a, miRNA-17, miRNA-21, miRNA-34a 明显表达上调,
miRNA-145 和miRNA-204 明显表达下调. 脉络膜黑色素瘤有差异表达的miRNA 为研究
肿瘤的发生机制研究提供了诊断和治疗的新思路.     

Amyloid beta在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者中的表达及意义

目的:探讨Amyloid beta(Aβ)在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者中的表达及意义。方法:2017年9月到2019年5月选择在本院诊治的湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者72例(72眼),检测血清Aβ含量,调查患者的一般资料、临床特征并进行相关性分析。结果:在72例患者中,平均血清Aβ含量为203.29±14.29 ng/mL,其中Aβ含量≥180 ng/mL 40例。Aβ阳性组的脉络膜厚度显著高于Aβ阴性组(P0.05)。Aβ阳性组的患眼动脉舒张末期血流速度和收缩期峰值血流速度都显著低于Aβ阴性组(P0.05)。Aβ阳性组的的性别、年龄、眼压、血压、体重指数、病程等与Aβ阴性组对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。直线相关性分析显示血清Aβ含量与脉络膜厚度、患眼动脉舒张末期血流速度和收缩期峰值血流速度都有显著相关性(P0.05),其中Aβ含量与脉络膜厚度呈正相关(r=0.566,P=0.003),Aβ含量与患眼动脉舒张末期血流速度和收缩期峰值血流速度呈负相关(r=-0.673,P=0.000;r=-0.455,P=0.010)。结论:Aβ在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者中多呈现高表达状况,血清Aβ含量与脉络膜厚度、患眼动脉舒张末期血流速度和收缩期峰值血流速度相关,从而影响患者病情的进展。     

兔先天性青光眼网络膜血管改变

目的　研究青光眼对视网膜脉络膜血液循环的影响。方法　选24月龄、体重3.5～4kg的先天性青光眼大耳白兔5只(7只眼),选10只同龄大耳白兔作为对照组。另选10只2月龄、体重2kg大耳白兔前房内灌注生理盐水制成急性高眼压模型。对三组兔进行眼底照像、闪光视诱发电位(FVEP)检查,观察视网膜脉络膜血管形态和FVEP的变化。对人工急性高眼压组还进行了闪光视网膜电流图(FERG)检查。结果　先天性青光眼组与同龄对照组相比视网膜脉络膜末梢血管网明显减少;人工急性高眼压组眼压升高后首先使视网膜脉络膜末梢血管网灌流不足,随着眼压的继续升高脉络膜大血管变细,末梢血管网灌流不足加重,眼压极度升高时脉络膜大血管血流中断。同龄正常对照组的FVEP的主波P100潜伏期是(83±9)ms,先天性青光眼组则为(112±14)ms,差异有非常显著意义(P＜0.01);人工急性高眼压组高眼压前为(69±5)ms,眼压60～80mm　Hg时延长为(81±7)ms,眼压在100～130mmHg时FVEP波形低平,近似直线;眼压恢复正常后2hFVEP的P100潜伏期为(82±8)ms。人工急性高眼压前后FERG变化显著。结论　青光眼可以影响视网膜脉络膜血液循环;可使FVEP、FERG发生变化。     

脉络丛细胞微囊脑内移植前后的物理及生化性能研究

通过测定脉络丛细胞海藻酸盐微囊在大鼠脑内移植前及移植后的物理及生化性能变化,以探讨其应用于移植治疗神经系统疾病的可行性.用海藻酸盐多聚鸟氨酸微囊包裹猪脉络膜细胞,移植至大鼠黑质-纹状体通道,移植前、移植后4个月及6个月分别测定微囊的大小、形态及细胞的活力、分泌蛋白质及神经营养因子的能力、蛋白质组学的变化.脉络膜细胞微囊在移植前、后大小、细胞活力、蛋白质组学分析、分泌蛋白质及神经营养因子的能力无显著变化.海藻酸盐-多聚鸟氨酸CP微囊能有效地防止脉络膜细胞被受体免疫系统所攻击,使得它们能在大鼠的大脑存活6个月以上并不引起不良作用.     

应用脑电阻图法测定家兔的局部脑血流

脑电阻图法在临床上作为脑血管疾病的辅助诊断手段已有较长历史,但其应用主要限于对整体血流的研究。有关国内外在实验动物身上开展脑电阻图方面的工作报道,迄今也不多见。尤其是利用脑电阻图对局部脑血流的测定,特别对在急性低氧条件下局部脑血流搏动性变化的测定,国内尚未见报道。我们对此进行了初步探索,试图为今后的局部脑血流研     

肺静脉多普勒血流图评价肥厚型心肌病左室舒张功能

为评价肺静脉多普勒血流频谱检测左室舒张功能的价值,我们对２３例正常人和２２例肥厚型心肌病患者进行了研究,结果发现,肥厚型心肌病二尖瓣血流频谱异常者肺静血流谱也能表现异常;在肥厚范围局限的心肌病患者,即使二尖瓣血流频谱正常,肺静脉血流频民可表现异常,特别是ＡＲ峰持续时间和Ｓ波减速时间更有诊断意义,因此用肺静脉血流频率谱评价左室舒张功能不仅交二尖瓣血流图敏感,而且可识别二尖瓣血流图假性正常化,深入研究     

端粒酶活性的定量分析方法

端粒酶是目前已知最为广谱的肿瘤分子标记物,并可能成为今后肿瘤诊断和预后判断的新指标以及肿瘤治疗的新靶点。对端粒酶活性的测定,在ＴＲＡＰ法的基础上发展建立了各种定量和半定量方法。     

猫外层视网膜和脉络膜的年龄相关变化

取老年猫(12龄,2.5~3 kg)和青年猫(1~3龄,2~2.5 kg)各4只的视网膜,经4%多聚甲醛处理后用H.E染色以显示视网膜和脉络膜的结构。光学显微镜下观察感光细胞层、玻璃膜(Bruch’s membrane)结构的变化,计数色素上皮层(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞数、脉络膜毛细血管数,测量玻璃膜、脉络膜厚度,脉络膜毛细血管之间的距离。结果显示,与青年猫比较,老年猫视网膜感光细胞层结构杂乱;色素上皮细胞数显著下降;玻璃膜厚度无显著变化,出现较多碎片;脉络膜厚度明显变薄,脉络膜毛细血管数显著减小,脉络膜毛细血管之间的距离显著增大。推测老年猫脉络膜的退化可能是导致玻璃膜、色素上皮层的退化,进而导致感光细胞的功能衰退的重要原因。     

新生儿凝血指标及部分生化指标检测参考区间调查

目的:调查分析新生儿凝血指标及部分生化指标检测参考区间。方法:以十所三甲医院2012年1月~2014年6月收治的新生儿2683例为研究对象,其中足月儿1700例,早产儿983例,选择同期十所医院职工健康体检1000例为对照组,通过全自动血凝仪、全自动生化分析仪测定所有对象凝血指标及12项生化指标,并建立相关指标参考区间。结果:足月新生儿PT、TT、APTT凝血指标较对照组延长,Fib较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000);早产儿PT、TT、APTT较足月儿延长(P=0.000),Fib(P=0.001)降低;足月新生儿Glc水平较对照组低(P=0.000),早产儿Glc水平较足月新生儿更低(P=0.000);足月新生儿血钙水平低于对照组,血清TC、Cr、BUN、ALT含量均在对照组之下(P=0.000),早产儿相对更低(P均0.05);足月新生儿LDH、CK酶活性及K+水平均高于对照组(P均0.05),早产儿水平更高(P0.05);足月儿血清Alb、TP及Na+水平低于对照组(P0.05),早产儿更低(P均0.05)。结论:新生儿凝血表达与成人不同,凝血及部分生化指标参考区间的变化与年龄有联系,有必要为新生儿建立与年龄相关的凝血、生化指标参考区间。     

乳腺癌对新辅助肌注睾酮-阿那曲唑治疗的快速反应的超声评估研究

摘要 目的：探究使用超声对接受肌注睾酮-阿那曲唑新辅助治疗（NAC）乳腺癌患者临床疗效评估的可行性,以期找出能够用于评估乳腺癌NAC疗效的可靠指标。方法：选择2018年1月至2021年1月于我院接受治疗的100例乳腺癌患者（100个病灶）为研究对象,分别于其接受化疗前和化疗后实施超声检测,记录入组患者二维超声指标（包括肿瘤形态、边界、内部回声、后方回声）、彩色多普勒超声指标（包括血流分级、血流阻力指数（RI）、收缩期最高血流速度（PSV））、超声弹性成像指标（包括弹性评分、弹性应变率（SR））,将入组患者按照化疗后病理结果区分为有效组（MHR组）和无效组（NMHR组）,对比两组患者化疗前后上述参数的差异,分别对上述参数实施单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,并通过绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）的方式计算上述参数的诊断效能。结果：（1）定性参数方面,NAC治疗后MHR和NMHR组患者在病灶内部回声变化、血流分级变化、弹性评分变化方面具有差异（P<0.05）;定量参数方面,化疗结束后MHR组患者的RI、SR以及PSV均明显低于NMHR组（P<0.05）;（2）RI、SR以及PSV对乳腺癌患者接受肌注睾酮-阿那曲唑NAC治疗有效性的ROC曲线,其AUC分别为0.811（95% CI=0.666-0.957,P=0.002）、0.697（95% CI=0.524-0.869,P=0.038）、0.734（95% CI=0.570-0.897,P=0.011）;（3）单因素分析内部回声、血流分级、弹性评分、RI、SR以及PSV是乳腺癌患者NAC疗效影响因素,多因素Logistic回归分析RI、SR以及PSV会影响乳腺癌患者NAC疗效（P<0.05）。结论：超声在评估乳腺癌患者接受肌注睾酮-阿那曲唑NAC治疗有效性具有较好的应用价值,其中RI、SR及PSV可对乳腺癌NAC早期疗效做出可靠评估,可考虑将其应用于临床中。     

The pharmacokinetics of intraduodenally administered diazepam in rats as influenced by composition of the central lymph

Diazepam, a drug with hydrophobic properties, was used as a model for studying its distribution (after intraduodenal administration) into the central lymph of rats. The intestinal lymph, which prevails in the central lymph, was modified for the presence of total lipids (chylomicrons) by means of fasting, a normal or an artificial diet (olive oil). The lymphatic levels of diazepam exceeded the corresponding blood levels in the fed and oil-fed group; the levels were steady in the fasted group with the exception of the absorption phase of the curves. The kinetic parameters assessed in the blood and lymph of the individual groups obtained by mathematical evaluation of the concentration curves differed because of quantitative differences in the presence of chylomicrons in the lymph. Lymphatic bioavailability in comparison with i.v. administration was found to be substantially lower.     

缺血后处理对肺缺血／再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的：探讨缺血后处理（聃）是否通过抑制P38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（P38MAPK）活化来减轻再灌注损伤肺细胞的凋亡。方法：雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分成5组（n=8）,即对照组（C组）、肺缺血／再灌注组（I／R组）、肺缺血／再灌注＋缺血后处理组（IPO组）、缺血后处理＋溶剂对照组（D组）、缺血后处理＋SB203580组（SB组）。各组分别于再灌注2h留取左肺组织,检测肺组织湿／干重比（W／D）和总肺含水量（TLW）;光镜观察肺组织形态学结构改变并进行肺组织损伤定量评估（IQA）;原住末端标记法（TUNEL）检测肺细胞凋亡情况并计算凋亡指数（AI）;RT-PCR和免疫组化法测定Bax、Bcl-2基因和蛋白的表达。结果：与C组相比,I／R组W／D、TLW、IQA和AI均显著升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,肺组织结构发生明显损伤;Bcl-2、Bcl-2／Bax基因及蛋白表达明显降低,Bax基因及蛋白表达明显升高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;IPO组、D组、SB组与I／R组相比,w／D、TLW、IQA和AI均显著降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,肺组织结构损伤情况有所改善;Bcl-2、Bcl-2／Bax基因及蛋白表达明显升高,Bax基因及蛋白表达明显降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;D组与IPO组比较各项指标均无明显差异（均P〉0．05）;SB组与IPO组相比,肺组织W／D、TLW、IQA和AI均显著降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,肺组织结构未见明显损伤;Bcl-2、Bcl-2／Bax基因及蛋白表达明显升高,Bax基因及蛋白表达明显降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论：I／R通过激活P38MAPK导致大鼠肺泡结构严重破坏,肺内细胞大量凋亡;IPO可能是通过抑制P38MAPK通路的激活而减轻L／R损伤。     

抗凝剂EDTA-Na2对家禽血液指标及基因组DNA的影响

[摘要]目的：分析不同浓度的抗凝剂EDTA-Na2对家禽血液指标及基因组DNA抽提的影响。方法：采集鸡血,分别加入0．6（A组）、0．9（B组）、1．2（C组）、1．5（D组）、1．8（E组）和2．1（F组）mg／mL的EDTA-Na2,立即检测白细胞总数（WBC）、淋巴细胞（LYM）、中间细胞（MID）、粒细胞（GRAN）、红细胞总数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血红蛋白含量（MCH）和血小板总数（PLT）,用SPSS软件分析检测数据;用酚-氯仿法提取添加不同量抗凝剂的血液基因组DNA,并进行PCR扩增,基因组DNA和PCR产物用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果：A组样品出现肉眼可见的凝块,B组有2／7样品有凝集现象,C、D、E和F组均无凝集现象。A组凝集现象严重无法进行血液指标测定,其余5组样品中,对于RBC和HGB指标,C组与B组相比无显著性差异,与D、E、F组差异极显著（P〈0．01）;对于PLT,C组与B组相比无显著性差异,与D、E、F组差异显著（P〈0．05）;WBC无显著变化。除A组外,各组均能获得质量较好的基因组DNA,并能扩增出目的条带。结论：除A组外,不同浓度的EDTA-Na2对基因组DNA提取和PCR扩增无影响。以EDTA-Na2作为禽血抗凝剂时,建议用量应不低于1．2mg／mL。     

A new method for the assay of glutaminase activity: direct measurement of product formation by an ammonia electrode

A simple, reliable procedure is described for the quantitative assay of glutaminase reaction by measuring product formation using an ammonia electrode. The ammonia electrode is a gas-detecting electrode, sensing the level of dissolved ammonia in aqueous solutions. Ammonia concentration can be read from calibration curves after converting ammonium ion to ammonia by adding sufficient base. Sample color and turbidity do not affect measurements, and samples need not be distilled. The concentrations of the three glutaminase isoenzymes from rat tissues measured by this method are strictly comparable to those measured by other methods.     

Determination of anti-tumor agent bis(p-fluorobenzyl)trisulfide and its degraded compound in rat blood using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Bis(p-fluorobenzyl)trisulfide (BFTS) demonstrated a broad spectrum of anti-proliferative activity and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy in human xenograft mice models. BFTS is rapidly degraded to its major metabolite bis(p-fluorobenzyl)disulfide (BFDS) in blood. In this study, we developed a reliable procedure for stable storage and treatment of blood samples containing BFTS. An HPLC assay method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of BFTS and BFDS in rat blood. The developed procedure and method have been successfully utilized to study the concentration-time curves of BFTS and BFDS in the blood of rats after vein injection of 12.5 mg kg(-1) BFTS.     

Validation of simple indexes to assess insulin sensitivity during pregnancy in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats

Insulin resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, including gestational diabetes. The glucose clamp is considered the gold standard for determining in vivo insulin sensitivity, both in human and in animal models. However, the clamp is laborious, time consuming and, in animals, requires anesthesia and collection of multiple blood samples. In human studies, a number of simple indexes, derived from fasting glucose and insulin levels, have been obtained and validated against the glucose clamp. However, these indexes have not been validated in rats and their accuracy in predicting altered insulin sensitivity remains to be established. In the present study, we have evaluated whether indirect estimates based on fasting glucose and insulin levels are valid predictors of insulin sensitivity in nonpregnant and 20-day-pregnant Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. We have analyzed the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and the fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio (FGIR) by comparing them with the insulin sensitivity (SI(Clamp)) values obtained during the hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp. We have performed a calibration analysis to evaluate the ability of these indexes to accurately predict insulin sensitivity as determined by the reference glucose clamp. Finally, to assess the reliability of these indexes for the identification of animals with impaired insulin sensitivity, performance of the indexes was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and FGIR correlated significantly with SI(Clamp), exhibited good sensitivity and specificity, accurately predicted SI(Clamp), and yielded lower insulin sensitivity in pregnant than in nonpregnant rats. Together, our data demonstrate that these indexes provide an easy and accurate measure of insulin sensitivity during pregnancy in the rat.     

肺血栓栓塞症患者栓塞面积和临床特征的相关性分析

目的:分析肺血栓栓塞症患者栓塞面积和临床特征的相关性。方法:将哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院呼吸内科2007年1月-2011年12月收治的78例肺血栓栓塞症患者作为研究对象,并根据其栓塞面积分为大面积组(38例)和小面积组(40例),观察和比较两组患者的临床症状、临床体征、危险因素分布、血气分析结果、D-二聚体水平。结果:大面积组呼吸困难、心悸、晕厥的发生率均显著高于小面积组,呼吸急促、发绀的发生率均明显高于小面积组患者,Pa O2和Pa CO2均显著低于小面积组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。半定量乳胶聚集法测定的D-二聚体值在两组之间未见明显统计学差异,免疫比浊法测定的D-二聚体值在大面积组明显高于小面积组,且具有统计学差(P0.05)。结论:(1)呼吸困难、晕厥、心悸、呼吸急促、血压下降、发绀可提示大面积肺血栓栓塞症的发生;(2)Pa O2和Pa CO2明显减低提示大面积肺栓塞可能性较大;(3)D-二聚体是否能提示肺栓塞面积大小可能与其测量方法有关,需进一步研究,但对排除肺栓塞有重要意义。     

Simple physical model of coronary vasodilation

The coronary diastolic pressure-flow relationship was studied in two groups of dogs; in one group coronary circulation was characterized by normal tone of vascular smooth muscle, while in the other group, complete relaxation of smooth muscle fibres was produced by intravenous infusion of dipyridamole. The coronary flow (CF) was measured in both groups for several values of mean aortic blood pressure (ABP), the variations being obtained by means of a 10 s arterial haemorrhage. The measured CF versus ABP data were found to be well represented by best fit curves calculated by power regression methods. These curves were quite different in the presence and absence of dipyridamole infusion. A simple physical model is proposed for analysis of these curves; the model is based on the Poiseuille equation, modified to take into proper account the variations of the vessel radii under different ABP values during ventricular diastole. These variations are expressed by means of Laplace and Hooke's laws by equating wall tension due to APB, to the sum of tensions due to elastic and smooth muscle forces. Analysis of CF versus APB curves, performed on the basis of this model, shows that to account for the large change of coronary bed conductance observed under dipyridamole infusion one must assume not only that the smooth muscle tone is absent but also that some relevant variations occur in the whole coronary bed, thus pointing to possible recruitment of new blood vessel paths.