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栽培大豆和野生大豆耐盐性及离子效应的比较 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
以国际上常用的耐盐大豆(Glycine max L.)品种Lee68为对照,在发芽期和苗期两个阶段,利用发芽指数、指害指数和耐盐系数等指标对一年生具盐腺野生大豆(Glycine soja L.)和部分栽培大豆(Glycine max L.)及某些野生大豆品系或品种的耐盐性进行了比较,讨论了耐盐指标的可行性。从离子效应方面比较了Na^ 和Cl^-对大豆发芽率的影响,并对具盐腺野生大豆的耐盐机理进行了初步分析。结果表明,大豆品种的耐盐性在发芽期和苗期无一致相关性。轻度等渗胁迫下,Na^ 对种子发芽率的抑制作用大于Cl^-,而重度等渗胁迫下则相反。通过减少由根系吸收的Na^ 、Cl^-向叶片的运输,维持叶片中较高含量的K^ ,减轻盐离子毒害,可能是具盐腺野生大事耐盐的主要生理机制之一。 相似文献
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不同生态环境野生大豆的结构比较研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对生长在不同生态环境的蝶形花科Fabaceae 大豆属Glycine 的两个野生大豆G.soja 品系进行了扫描电镜观察及比较研究.结果表明,生长在盐渍生态环境的野生大豆茎和叶体表都具有盐腺,盐腺圆球型,基部有一个小柄,着生在盐生野生大豆茎、叶表皮外切向壁的胞间层处.幼嫩的盐腺靠泌盐孔泌盐,成熟的盐腺靠整体破碎释盐.而生长在黑土地生态环境的野生大豆的茎和叶外切向壁未发现有泌盐的盐腺,其茎叶的表皮都呈现出平滑状态.因此两种不同生态环境的同科同属植物在微观结构上显示出明显差异. 相似文献
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本文以东营野生大豆(Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc. ZYD 03262)和山东栽培大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merr. 山宁11号)为实验材料,通过研究2种大豆植株和离体叶片对不同浓度NaCl(0,100和200 mM)处理的响应,探讨2种大豆光合机构对NaCl胁迫响应的差异和机理。结果表明:NaCl处理完整植株后,2种大豆植株叶片的光合速率(Pn)、PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)和叶绿素含量都明显降低,而且生长也均受到抑制。但是,NaCl胁迫对栽培大豆各方面的抑制均显著大于野生大豆;野生大豆叶片中的Na 含量、Na /K 值都显著低于栽培大豆,而野生大豆根中的Na 含量却明显高于栽培大豆。当用100和200 mM NaCl处理2种大豆的离体叶片时,野生大豆的Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、单位面积有活性反应中心的数目(RC/CS)和光化学性能指数(PI)的下降幅度却显著大于栽培大豆;叶片中的Na 含量也显著高于栽培大豆。这些结果表明,实验所用的野生大豆的光合机构并不抗盐。但是,在盐胁迫条件下,野生大豆植株却能够有效地避免过多Na 进入叶片光合组织,以维持光合机构较高的光合活性,这是野生大豆比栽培大豆更抗盐的原因之一。 相似文献
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盐胁迫是植物生长最重要的非生物胁迫之一.盐生植物具有耐盐性,可以在高盐环境下正常生长.通过对近年来有关盐生植物分类、盐渍化对植物的影响和耐盐机制等方面的研究进行梳理和分析,归纳总结了影响盐生植物耐盐性的各种因素,为更好地了解和开发利用盐生植物提供理论依据. 相似文献
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多倍化是高等植物进化最重要的动力之一,多倍体植物由于基因组组成以及基因表达方面的变化,通常会表现出不同的生理现象,多倍体的抗性优于其同源二倍体祖先。土壤盐碱化和次生盐渍化是影响农作物生产的重要因素,严重制约着我国农业的可持续发展。同源多倍体植物耐盐能力较强,是作物遗传改良的重要种质资源,了解其耐盐机理对培育耐盐品种具有重要意义。本文从与盐胁迫相关的耐盐性进化、生理生化水平、细胞结构和分子层面等多角度总结了植物同源多倍体盐胁迫研究进展,并以作者所在研究团队培育出的多倍体西瓜为例讨论了多倍体抗逆性研究存在的问题及未来的发展方向,以期为多倍体抗逆优势机理研究提供参考。 相似文献
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野生大豆自花授粉和低异交率的繁殖系统使其遗传变异和分化具有其内在特点.本文对近年来野生大豆遗传多样性的研究进展进行了总结,从不同地理空间尺度、天然居群、地理空间遗传结构和基因流的角度综述了野生大豆遗传变异和分化的特点.研究结果表明,野生大豆遗传变异往往表现大的地理空间区域内变异和小的区域间变异、或大的天然居群间变异和小... 相似文献
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江苏野生大豆的耐盐性和离子在体内的分布及选择性运输 总被引:22,自引:4,他引:22
以相对发芽率和出苗率为指标比较了3个野生大豆(Glycine soja)种群的耐盐性,测定了NaCl胁迫下2个耐盐性不同的野生大豆种群(江苏野生大豆,JWS,耐盐;N23232,盐敏感)植株根、茎和叶片中Na^+、K^+和Cl^-含量的变化。结果表明,JWS的耐盐性最强,盐胁迫抑制野生大豆幼苗生长,使其干物质积累量减少,根冠比上升,对耐盐性弱的N23232抑制作用大于耐盐性强的JWS,不同器官离子含量测定结果表明,盐胁迫下野生大豆茎部Na^+含量最高,耐盐的JWS根系具有积累Na^+和Cl^-的能力,叶片Na^+、Cl含量较低,而盐敏感种群N23232根系中:Na^+、Cl^-含量低于耐盐种群JWS,叶片中Na^+、Cl^-含量则高于JWS,JWS根系对K^+、Na^+吸收的选择性(selectivity ratio,SK,Na)和N23232没有明显差异;但叶片和茎运输的SK,Na明显高于N23232,使地上部K^+/Na^+较高,因此认为野生大豆根系对Na^+、Cl^-的积累及K^+向地上部运输的选择性高是其耐盐性强的主要原因。 相似文献
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大豆(Glycine max (L.) Merill)是重要的粮食作物和经济作物,盐胁迫能造成大豆产量的大幅度降低。本文综述了通过正向遗传学手段获得的大豆耐盐数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus, QTL)以及通过反向遗传学方法获得的大豆耐盐功能基因方面的研究进展。目前,正向遗传学发掘基因主要有图位克隆(Map-based cloning)和全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study, GWAS)两种方案,其中通过图位克隆在大豆中已经获得了6个耐盐QTL位点并且定位了1个重要的耐盐基因;利用GWAS在大豆中获得了1个耐盐功能基因。利用反向遗传学在大豆中获得了大量的耐盐相关功能基因并在模式植物中验证了其功能,主要包括离子转运蛋白基因和转录因子基因。这些研究为揭示大豆耐盐分子机制以及通过分子标记辅助育种或转基因技术创制耐盐大豆奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以两种菊属野生植物'菊花脑'(Dendranthema nankingense)和'乙立寒菊'(D.indicum var.maruyamanum)幼苗为材料,通过Hogland营养液水培试验研究了120和180 mmol·L NaCl的渐进和非渐进胁迫处理对幼苗叶片受害程度及植株生物量、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量、相对电导率和丙二醛含量的影响,以探讨它们对盐冲击的生理响应规律.结果显示:(1)在两种浓度盐胁迫下,两种菊属植物的整株鲜重、根系活力、叶片叶绿素含量大多显著下降,而同期的叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率显著增加;渐进盐胁迫下材料受害程度均轻于非渐进胁迫;盐胁迫浓度越大,各指标变化幅度越大,且两种胁迫方式下各指标的差异亦越大;(2)'菊花脑'对盐胁迫敏感,而'乙立寒菊'对盐胁迫的耐性较强;相同盐胁迫浓度下,非渐进胁迫与渐进胁迫间的差异在盐敏感材料上表现较明显.研究表明,两种菊属植物均存在盐冲击现象,并以耐盐性弱的材料表现更加突出,且高盐胁迫下植物所受的冲击伤害更明显. 相似文献
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Comments on the so-called salt lakes of Greenland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W. D. Williams 《Hydrobiologia》1991,210(1-2):67-74
Most athalassic standing waters in Greenland have conductivities < 1 000 μmhos. Those with higher conductivities have salinities mostly < 3 g L−1; they are generally referred to as ‘saline’ within Greenland. Only a single water-body is known with a conductivity of > 10 000 μmhos. Saline waters have Na or Mg as dominant cations, and low concentrations of SO4. Their biota is very depauperate and apparently comprises a few salinity-tolerant elements of the local freshwater biota. There is no regional assemblage of halophilic species. 相似文献
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比较了4个大豆品种出苗期和苗期的耐盐性,测定150 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下的株高、下胚轴长、侧根数、地上干/鲜重、根干/鲜重、MDA含量、SOD活性、游离Pro含量,并将幼苗移栽到田间生长至成熟。结果表明:出苗期和苗期盐胁迫下4个品种的株高都显著降低、地上干/鲜重和根干/鲜重降低;出苗期胁迫侧根数减少,下胚轴长降低;而苗期胁迫侧根数增加,下胚轴长升高。未胁迫条件下,出苗期和苗期耐盐性强的品种22021-1的MDA含量和SOD活性高于耐盐性弱的品种22293-1。胁迫后,22021-1的MDA含量降低、SOD活性升高,其MDA含量分别比对照低51.03%和21.45%,SOD活性比对照高5.85%和45.77%;22293-1的MDA含量出苗期比对照高58.97%,苗期基本无变化,SOD活性出苗期和苗期升高都不显著。MDA和SOD可以作为大豆耐盐性筛选指标。早期的短时胁迫对不同耐盐性大豆品种的经济产量影响不同。 相似文献
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The combined effect of NaCl and P on the growth of lucerne was studied in two hydroponic greenhouse experiments. NaCl concentrations were identical in each experiment (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) while external P concentrations were low (viz. 0.002, 0.02 and 0.2 mM measured as 0.006, 0.026 and 0.2 mM, respectively) in one experiment and higher (0.5 and 5.0 mM) in the second. Plant biomass was reduced more by the low P levels than by high concentrations of NaCl. A significant NaCl*P effect was found where external P concentrations were low (0.006–0.2 mM) but there was no difference in plant production between the two P concentrations of 0.5 and 5.0 mM. Shoot and root concentrations of Na and Cl increased significantly with increasing NaCl concentration in both experiments and there were some differences in the concentrations of these ions at different external P levels. At low P, NaCl had no significant effect on shoot concentrations of P; however, root P concentrations tended to decrease with increasing NaCl level. Increasing external P from 0.006 to 0.2 mM led to significant increases in P concentrations in both roots and shoots. At higher P, concentrations of P in both the shoots and the roots did not differ with external NaCl or P conditions. Our results illustrate the complex relationship that exists between NaCl and P at low P levels. We conclude that high or non-limiting concentrations of P (0.2 – 5.0 mM) do not affect lucerne's response to NaCl. 相似文献
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S. Devi A.S. Nandwal R. Angrish S.S. Arya N. Kumar S.K. Sharma 《International journal of phytoremediation》2016,18(7):693-696
Phytoremediation potential of six halophytic species i.e. Suaeda nudiflora, Suaeda fruticosa, Portulaca oleracea, Atriplex lentiformis, Parkinsonia aculeata and Xanthium strumarium was assessed under screen house conditions. Plants were raised at 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, and 20.0 dSm?1 of chloride-dominated salinity. The control plants were irrigated with canal water. Sampling was done at vegetative stage (60–75 DAS). About 95 percent seed germination occurred up to 12 dSm?1 and thereafter declined slightly. Mean plant height and dry weight plant?1 were significantly decreased from 48.71 to 32.44 cm and from 1.73 to 0.61g plant?1 respectively upon salinization. Na+/K+ ratio (0.87 to 2.72), Na+/ Ca2+ + Mg2+ (0.48 to 1.54) and Cl?/SO42– (0.94 to 5.04) ratio showed increasing trend. Salinity susceptibility index was found minimum in Suaeda fruticosa (0.72) and maximum in Parkinsonia aculeata (1.17). Total ionic content also declined and magnitude of decline varied from 8.51 to 18.91% at 8 dSm?1 and 1.85 to 7.12% at 20 dSm?1 of salinity. On the basis of phytoremediation potential Suaeda fruticosa (1170.02 mg plant?1), Atriplex lentiformis (777.87 mg plant?1) were the best salt hyperaccumulator plants whereas Xanthium strumarium (349.61 mg plant?1) and Parkinsonia aculeata (310.59 mg plant?1) were the least hyperaccumulator plants. 相似文献
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Genes and salt tolerance: bringing them together 总被引:60,自引:0,他引:60
Munns R 《The New phytologist》2005,167(3):645-663
Salinity tolerance comes from genes that limit the rate of salt uptake from the soil and the transport of salt throughout the plant, adjust the ionic and osmotic balance of cells in roots and shoots, and regulate leaf development and the onset of senescence. This review lists some candidate genes for salinity tolerance, and draws together hypotheses about the functions of these genes and the specific tissues in which they might operate. Little has been revealed by gene expression studies so far, perhaps because the studies are not tissue-specific, and because the treatments are often traumatic and unnatural. Suggestions are made to increase the value of molecular studies in identifying genes that are important for salinity tolerance. 相似文献
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Davenport RJ Muñoz-Mayor A Jha D Essah PA Rus A Tester M 《Plant, cell & environment》2007,30(4):497-507
HKT-type transporters appear to play key roles in Na(+) accumulation and salt sensitivity in plants. In Arabidopsis HKT1;1 has been proposed to influx Na(+) into roots, recirculate Na(+) in the phloem and control root : shoot allocation of Na(+). We tested these hypotheses using (22)Na(+) flux measurements and ion accumulation assays in an hkt1;1 mutant and demonstrated that AtHKT1;1 contributes to the control of both root accumulation of Na(+) and retrieval of Na(+) from the xylem, but is not involved in root influx or recirculation in the phloem. Mathematical modelling indicated that the effects of the hkt1;1 mutation on root accumulation and xylem retrieval were independent. Although AtHKT1;1 has been implicated in regulation of K(+) transport and the hkt1;1 mutant showed altered net K(+) accumulation, (86)Rb(+) uptake was unaffected by the hkt1;1 mutation. The hkt1;1 mutation has been shown previously to rescue growth of the sos1 mutant on low K(+); however, HKT1;1 knockout did not alter K(+) or (86)Rb(+) accumulation in sos1. 相似文献
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Soil salinity is a severe worldwide environmental problem that adversely affects soil properties and the crop growth such as okra. We hypothesized that biochar soil amendments could increase the okra salt threshold, alleviate salt stress and improve soil productivity. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate whether biochar could ameliorate the effects of salinity on okra plants. Three biochar amendment (BA) soil applications (0%, 5% and 10% by mass of soil) were considered for seven irrigation water salinity levels (0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0?dS?m?1) in a randomized block design with three replications. The Maas and Hoffman salt tolerance model was used to evaluate the effects of BA on okra plant growth parameters (e.g. yield, biomass) and water use efficiency for each salinity treatment. The results showed that increasing the soil salinity levels caused significant decreases in plant yields and yield components. However, biochar application rates of 5% and 10% increased the okra threshold by 19.7% and 81.2%, respectively, compared to the control (0%). The 10% biochar application rate also resulted in the greatest okra plant growth and increased yield, indicating that the effects of salt stress were ameliorated; moreover, the soil bulk density was decreased, and the water content was increased. Hence, biochar soil amendments could be considered as an important agronomic practice that could potentially overcome the adverse effects of salt stress. 相似文献