我国滇、藏桩菇科的初步研究

本文报道了滇、藏有关地区的桩菇科真菌：桩菇属(Paxillus Fr.)和褶孔菌属(Phyllopo-rus Quel.)共9个种。其中包括4个新种：即滇桩菇(Paxillus yunnanensis sp．nov),皱褶桩菇(Paxillus rhytidophyllus sp．nov.),潞西褶孔菌(Phyllopqrus luxiensts sp. Nov.)和糙柄褶孔菌(Phylloporus scabrosns sp．nov．)。文中记载了与各菌种有关的树种、林型,地理分布,生态习性及其经济价值,并讨论了本科的分类地位问题。     

裂褶菌胞内多糖的分离纯化鉴定及其性质

裂褶菌菌丝体用热水提取,乙醇沉淀,Sevag法脱蛋白,逆向流水透析,得胞内多糖粗品,经Sephadex A-50、Sephadex G-200柱层析纯化,得胞内多糖纯品,称SPG。纯度经纸层析、Sephadex G-200柱层析、高效液相色谱分析、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定,结果表明SPG为单一均匀组分。 SPG水解物经纸层析、薄层层析分析证实它是由葡萄糖组成的一种葡聚糖结构,SPG的部分水解、酶解、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱分析表明具有β(1→3),β(1→6)糖苷键。凝胶过滤法测定SPG的分子量约为10万。     

诺卡氏菌属的两个新种和一个新变种

自北京、云南和广西的土样中,分离出1．128 4、10．268-1和22．29-p三株诺卡氏菌。该菌株均产生具分隔并断裂的基丝,细胞壁化学组分为IV型。在形态、培养特征和生理生化特性方面,与诺卡氏菌属中的已知近似种明显不同。因此,认为菌株1．128 a和10．268—1为该属中的两个新种,分别命名为褐色诺卡氏菌(Nocardia fusca n. sp．)和黄粉色诺卡氏菌(Nocardia flavarosea n. sp.),菌株22．29-p为一新变种,命名为黄粉色诺卡氏菌褐色变种(Nocardiaflavorosea var. fusca n. var.)。     

海南省粉褶蕈属的分类研究(I)

本文报道了海南省粉褶蕈属[Entoloma(Fr．)Kumm.]6个新种,它们是：锈褐粉褶蕈(Entoloma terruglneobrunneum W．M．Zhang sp nov．),紫褐粉褶蕈(Emoloma purpureo-brunncum W．M．Zhang sp．nov．),丛生粉褶蕈(Entoloma aespitosum W. M. Zhang sp. Nov)．肉褐粉褶蕈(Entoloma carneobrunneum W．M. Zhang sp. Nov.)近杯伞状粉褶蕈(Entolomasubclitocyboides W. M. Zhang sp．nov.),近偏生粉褶蕈(Entoloma subecceatricum W. M.Zhang sp．nov．),所有标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

不同类群酵母胞壁甘露聚糖核磁共振氢谱的比较研究*

运用核磁共振氢谱(PMR谱) 对各类酵母的细胞壁甘露聚糖进行比较研究,在我国尚无报道,其中某些酵母也尚无文献记载。本文结果表明：1．同菌株的胞壁甘露聚糖PMR谱型的重复性很好。2．同种不同株的酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)的多糖谱型也相同。3．所测的二端芽殖酵母中完全型与不完全型菌株的谱型很相似, 如柠檬形克勒克酵母(Kloeokera apiculata)与葡萄有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum。4．某些分类系统上来源较杂的子囊菌酵母如单宁管囊酵母(Packysolen tanophilus)、萤光威克酵母(Wickerkamiaflurescens) 与高糖固囊酵母(Citeromyses matritensis) 则体现了各不相同的谱型。 5．二株分自西双版纳的极为相近的类酵母(Saccharomycodes sp.)其多糖的(PMR)谱型与多糖的组分都彼此相同,有助于对它们的适当归类。这一切证明酵母胞壁多糖PMR谱型相似程度的比较是分类上较有意义的性状,有助于探讨亲缘关系,核实完全型与不完全型,也有助于对疑难菌株的分析     

盐碱放线菌的分类研究

对分离自云南省盐碱土壤的39株嗜碱或耐碱放线菌进行了鉴定。根据形态学和化学分类特征(细胞壁化学组分、甲基萘醌组分和磷酸类脂组分)。将它们分别归入拟诺卡氏苗属(NoCARDIOPSIS)、糖丝菌属(Saccharothrix)、小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)和链霉菌属Streptomyces)。再根据其形态特征和生理生化特性定为12个种2个亚种．为云南盐碱土壤中放线菌组成提供了资料。     

一种短杆状耐辐射菌的分离与鉴定

从北京地区公园湖岸土壤中分离到一株橙红色杆状耐辐射菌,细胞壁革兰氏染色为阴性,电镜显示菌体大小为06μm～16μm,略大于日本学者报道的Deinobacter grandis菌,过氧化氢酶的含量和分子量不同于D.radiodurans R1菌,分离菌的(G+C)mol%含量为707%, 16S rDNA序列分析表明,分离到的杆状耐辐射菌(RR5332)16S rRNA基因序列与Deinobacter grandis菌高度同源,提示RR5332归于Deinobacter菌属,并可能是该菌属中的一个新种。     

密粘褶菌胞外低分子量多肽在纤维素降解中作用的研究

从褐腐真菌中能强烈降解纤维素的代表菌株密粘褶菌(Gloeophyllum trabeum)的胞外酶液中首次分离纯化得到一低分子量的活性多肽组分(称作Gt因子),此组分能在有O.2和Fe³⁺存在时产生羟基自由基HO·;对纤维素降解的研究表明,Gt因子不同于纤维素酶对纤维素的β1.4糖苷键的水解作用,而以HO·氧化的途径作用于纤维素,导致纤维素中氢键的断裂,降低纤维素的结晶度,使其暴露出更多的末端,从而有利于纤维素的进一步降解。     

响应面优化裂褶菌多糖酶解工艺及抑菌研究

探索了裂褶菌多糖酶解法提取工艺及酶解产物抑菌的作用。分别从p H、酶解时间、酶解温度和加酶量4个因素考察了对裂褶菌多糖提取率的影响,通过响应面分析进行裂褶菌多糖提取工艺条件的优化。结果表明,在液体果胶酶p H为5.5、酶解时间1.2h、酶解温度50℃、加酶量1%时裂褶菌多糖提取率达54.76%;以大肠杆菌、假单胞菌为供试菌株,通过抑制率来反映其抑菌效果,结果表明裂褶菌多糖对大肠杆菌、假单胞菌有一定的抑制作用。     

中国齿裂菌属研究Ⅱ.

我国齿裂菌属的4个分类单元,其中包括2个新种：生于青冈［Cyclobalanopsisglauca（Thnb.）Oerst.］上的青冈齿裂菌（Occomycesce=yclobalanopsisY.R.Lin＆Z.Z.Lisp.nov．）和生于香叶树（LinderacommunisHemsl.）上的福建齿裂菌（C.fujianensisY.R.Lin＆C.T.Xiangsp.nov．）。为新种提供了拉丁文和汉文描述及形态图。模式标本存放在安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（AAUFP）。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.