脉搏波时标对臂踝脉搏波传播速度测量的影响

臂踝脉搏波传播速度(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,baPWV)测量是一种便捷、无创的方法,可用于人体动脉硬化度的评估,在临床和科学研究中广泛应用于血管早期病变的筛查和心血管系统风险的评估。本文设计开发了人体上臂和踝部脉搏波波形采集系统,并利用该系统对59名健康成年人进行实验,研究了目前三种最常用的脉搏波时标(pulse timing mark,PTM)定义方法对baPWV测量的影响。实验结果表明,选用不同的PTM方法所测得的baPWV结果具有显著的差异性(P0.001)。而且,PTM方法的不同还影响到了baPWV与年龄、血压的相互关系。     

高血压患者脉搏波参数与脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

目的:探讨高血压患者脉搏波参数与脉搏波传导速度的相关性,为从脉图上辨识高血压病及脉搏波参数的拓展应用提供参考。方法:选择2012年6月至2013年6月在北京安贞医院和北京人民医院门诊和住院确诊的原发性高血压患者32例作为实验组,并招募健康成人志愿者29例作为对照组。利用中医四诊合参辅助诊疗仪与皮尺分别采集两组受试者的左侧寸口脉图信息和主动脉至桡动脉的血管长度,计算脉搏波参数及脉搏波传导速度,采用方差分析和皮尔逊简单相关的统计方法分析高血压患者不同的脉搏波参数与其脉搏波传导速度的相关性。结果:与对照组比较,实验组的PWV显著升高,有显著性差异(P0.05)。实验组H2/H1明显高于对照组(P0.05),但H4/H1、T1/T、T2/T比值均显著低于对照组(P0.05),差异均有显著性意义(P0.05)。高血压患者的H2/H1、T1/T、T2/T、H4/H1均与其PWV相关,其中H2/H1与PWV呈显著正相关(P0.05),T1/T、T2/T与PWV呈显著负相关(P0.05),H4/H1与PWV呈一般正相关(P0.05)。结论:高血压患者的脉搏波参数与脉搏波传导速度具有显著相关性,且潮波出现的幅值与脉搏波传导速度有显著正相关;脉搏波上升支和潮波的时值与脉搏波传导速度具有显著负相关,重搏波相对高度与脉搏波传导速度具有一般相关关系,因而可通过脉搏波参数的变化了解高血压患者血管弹性的状态。     

血压参数与颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波速度的相关性分析

目的:探讨血压参数与颈动脉一股动脉脉搏波速度(CFPwV)的相关性.方法:共入选1024例体检人员,袖带法测量血压,计算并记录收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)、平均动脉压(MAP).根据血压值水平分为高血压组和非高血压组.使用自动脉搏波速度测定仪测定颈动脉一股动脉脉搏波速度(CFPwV)和中心动脉脉压(CPP).比较高血压组和非高血压组各血压参数及CFPwV.并将各因素与CFPwV进行相关分析和多元逐步回归分析.结果:(1)高血压组与非高血压组比较,SBP、DBP、MAP、PP、CFPwV值在高血压组明显升高(P＜0.05);(2)直线相关分析结果显示,CFPwV与SBP、DBP、PP、MAP、CPP呈正相关,且与CPP的相关性最佳;(3)多因素逐步回归分析显示,CFPwV仅与SBP、PP、CPP具有显著的回归效果,且CPP的偏回归系数大于SBP、PP.结论:SBP、PP、CPP是CFPwV的独立影响因素.在评价动脉硬化方面,CPP有一定的优越性.     

臂踝脉搏波速度与老年心血管病高危因素的相关性研究

目的:探讨臂踝脉搏波速度(brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity,BaPWV)和心血管高危因素的相关性.方法:选取2011年1月～2012年1月在我院体检的居民共122例,根据体检结果分为非糖尿病及高血压组(A组,25例),糖尿病组(为B组,22例),高血压组(C组,46例)和高血压合并糖尿病组(D组,29例).记录各组的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP),舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、左心房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVIDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVIDs)、右心室舒张末期内径(IVSd)、肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)和射血分数(EF).并检测肌酐(Scr)、尿酸(UA)、血糖(BG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酷(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、餐后血糖和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平.结果:各组之间Scr、UA、BG、TC、LDL、HbA1c、LAD、LVIDd、IVSd、LVIDs、SPAP、IMT、SBP、DBP、EF和BaPWV的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01),而各组之间年龄、BMI、TG、HDL、餐后血糖、IMT和HR差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).多元逐步回归分析发现:年龄、BG、TC和SBP是影响BaPWV的独立因素.结论:BaPWV在心血管高危因素患者中显著增加,年龄、BG、TC和SBP与BaPWV呈正相关.     

不同年龄段人体脉搏的测量与分析

人体内部各器官的健康状态可以在脉搏信息中反映出来,要使脉诊技术客观化,除了获取准确的脉搏信息外,还必须对大量不同人群的脉搏信息进行对比分析,提取有关的特征参量。利用PVDF压力传感器并垫一水囊间接接触法拾取脉搏信息,通过调理放大硬件电路和数据采集处理系统实现人体脉搏的测量,给出了不同年龄段人群的脉图及对应的频谱图,并进行了对比分析。     

非洛地平缓释片对轻中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效和对脉搏波速度的影响

目的:探讨非洛地平缓释片对轻中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效和对脉搏波速度的影响。方法:根据纳入标准选取我院260例原发性高血压患者,按计划方案给予非洛地平缓释片口服治疗。观察患者入院后、治疗2周末、14周末降压疗效及脉搏波传导速度的改变情况,并进行对比分析。结果:本组研究中接受治疗研究者共260例,其所有受检者在治疗2、6、10、14周后血压水平均有不同程度改善,与基线比较差异明显,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。脉搏波变化分析所有受试者脉搏波速度变化分析,基线脉搏波速度为(10.9±2.4)m/s,经过治疗后2周、14周基线脉搏波速度为(10.3±2.1)m/s,差异明显具有统计学意义(P<0.01);心率变化分析表明非洛地平缓释片在降压同时对心率影响不大,安全性评价表示,接受治疗期间曾有68例发生不良事件,占总数26.2%。笔者认为与药物无关,且均为轻度,经过适当处理后均缓解,对本研究无影响。结论:非洛地平缓释片降压效果良好,可同时降低颈动脉-股动脉脉搏波传导速度,改善大动脉僵硬度。     

臂踝脉搏波传导速度与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性研究

目的：探讨臂踝脉搏波传导速度（brachio—anklepulsewavevelocity,baPWV）与冠状动脉粥样硬化狭窄程度的相关性。方法：选择198例行冠脉造影的患者为研究对象,根据冠状动脉管腔狭窄程度分为非冠心病组（对照组,50例）和冠心病组（148例）;并将冠-22病组分为单支病变组（48例）、双支病变组（56例）及多支病变组（44例）,所有患者均采用动脉硬化检测仪检测baPWV,观察各组baPWV值及Gensini积分的变化,并对其行相关性分析。结果：CAD组多支病变、双支病变、单支病变亚组及对照组冠状动脉Gensini积分分别为45．06±7．27、30．83±4．50、24．83±4．94和13．75±1．74,baPWV值分别为2．13±0．32、1．68±0．14、1．12±0．13和0．93±0．17m／s,组间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。冠心病组baPWV值与冠状动脉Gensini积分呈正相关。结论：baPWV值与冠状动脉粥样硬化的病变范围密切相关,可作为诊断冠心病和预测其病变严重程度的辅助指标。     

非洛地平缓释片对轻中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效和对脉搏波速度的影响，

目的：探讨非洛地平缓释片对轻中度原发性高血压患者的降压疗效和对脉搏波速度的影响。方法：根据纳入标准选取我院260例原发性高血压患者,按计划方案给予非洛地平缓释片口服治疗。观察患者入院后、治疗2周末、14周末降压疗效及脉搏波传导速度的改变情况,并进行对比分析。结果：本组研究中接受治疗研究者共260例,其所有受检者在治疗2、6、10、14周后血压水平均有不同程度改善,与基线比较差异明显,有统计学意义（P〈0,01）。脉搏波变化分析所有受试者脉搏波速度变化分析,基线脉搏波速度为（10．9±2．4）m／s,经过治疗后2周、14周基线脉搏波速度为（10．3±2．1）m／s,差异明显具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;心率变化分析表明非洛地平缓释片在降压同时对心率影响不大,安全性评价表示,接受治疗期间曾有68例发生不良事件,占总数26．2％。笔者认为与药物无关,且均为轻度,经过适当处理后均缓解,对本研究无影响。结论：非洛地平缓释片降压效果良好,可同时降低颈动脉．股动脉脉搏波传导速度,改善大动脉僵硬度。     

绝经女性冠状动脉钙化积分与臂踝动脉脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

目的:研究绝经女性中冠脉钙化积分(CACS)与臂踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(ba PWV)之间的相关性。方法:从1918名社区人群筛选出546名无冠心病病史并可以进行CACS检查的绝经女性为样本,对其进行标准化问卷调查、实验室指标检测、ba PWV及CACS测量。根据CACS将研究对象分为CACS=0组和CACS0组,并根据ba PWV四分位数进行分组,利用logistic回归分析冠脉钙化与ba PWV的相关性。结果:研究人群中CACS0组87例(15.9%),CACS=0组459例(84.1%)。其中CACS0组在年龄、BMI、高血压、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白及糖尿病方面均高于CACS=0组。同时,CACS0组ba PWV比CACS=0组高(27.6%vs.24.2%,35.6%vs.23.1%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.011),并且Logistic回归发现,绝经女性年龄(OR=1.094,95%CI 1.039-1.152,P0.001)、高血压(OR=1.933,95%CI 1.092-3.422,P=0.024)、ba PWV第三分位数(OR=2.435,95%CI1.141-5.196,P=0.021)、ba PWV第四分位数(OR=3.323,95%CI 1.594-6.930,P=0.001)是冠脉钙化的独立危险因素。结论:绝经女性ba PWV升高与CACS相关,ba PWV可以作为一种评估冠脉钙化程度和心血管风险的有效手段得以应用。     

估计脉搏波速度与中国中老年人心脑血管疾病的关系

摘要 目的：探究估计脉搏波速度（ePWV）与我国社区中老年人心脑血管疾病的关系。方法：选取2011年-2012年第一波中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）的中老年人纳入本研究。收集人群一般资料及实验室指标,比较各组临床资料的差异。采用logistic回归分析探究ePWV对心脑血管疾病患病风险的影响。结果：共9542例研究对象纳入本研究,其中共1348例患者患有心脑血管疾病,在调整多变量的logistic回归分析模型中,无论作为连续变量还是分类变量,ePWV都与心脑血管疾病患病率显著相关。作为连续变量时,ePWV每增加1 个单位,心脑血管疾病患病率增加8 %（OR=1.08,95%CI：1.02-1.14,P=0.008）。亚组分析显示,在年龄<60岁、高中以下学历、已婚的亚组中,ePWV与心脑血管疾病关系显著,在年龄＞60岁、女性、吸烟、饮酒（从不饮酒vs每月1次vs每月<1次）、BMI（<25vs≥25）,ePWV与心脑血管疾病关系不显著。结论：ePWV是中国中老年人群心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素,可作为未来心脑血管疾病一级预防和监测的指标,但仍需更多的研究证实。     

两个猪苓菌株生长速度及酯酶同工酶比较研究

对不同地理分布的猪苓纯培养菌株进行了种性和酯酶同工酶的比较研究,结果表明,鸡爪苓（Z）纯培养菌株和猪屎苓（ZJ）纯培养菌株的种性有很大不同,两个纯培养菌株的酯酶同工酶酶带类型差异较大,亲缘关系较远。     

银杏叶总黄酮的超声波提取法

本文通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定了超声波法提取银杏叶中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺,并与常规乙醇浸提法,微波提取法作了比较研究。实验表明：超声波提取法优于常规乙醇浸提法和微波提取法。超声波法的最佳操作条件为：320W超声波功率,温度30℃,70％乙醇,在液固比15：1条件下提取10min,连续提取2次,总黄酮提取率可达94．1％。     

基于遗传算法的谷氨酸发酵动力学参数估计

把遗传算法应用于求解谷氨酸分批发酵动力学模型参数,取交叉概率Pc=0．8、变异概率Pm=0．06、初始种群为20、遗传世代数为200代,能进一步提高谷氨酸分批发酵过程状态变量的计算值与实验值的吻合程度。模拟值与实验值对比显示,该动力学模型能很好地反映谷氨酸分批发酵过程。     

云南两种地衣茶:白雪茶(Thamnolia spp.)和红雪茶(Lethariella spp.)的营养成分分析

“红雪茶”和“白雪茶”是滇西北少数民族传统饮用的地衣保健茶;其中,“红雪茶”混杂了梅衣科(Parmeliaceae)金丝属(Lethariella)中的4个地衣种:金丝绣球(Lethariellacashmeriana),金丝刷(L.cladonioides),柔金丝(L.sernanderi)和金丝带(L.zahlbruckneria);“白雪茶”包含了雪茶属(Thamnolia)中的两个种,即:雪茶和雪地茶(Thamnoliavermicularis&T.subuliforms)。利用常规方法测定了两种地衣茶的主要营养成分,并与常见饮茶进行比较,测定结果显示:红雪茶和白雪茶含有多种营养成分,红雪茶粗蛋白质含量为2.69g/100g·DW,粗脂肪3.42g/100g·DW,总糖、可溶性糖、灰分含量分别为5.04g/100g、0.35g/100g、1.74g/100g·DW;白雪茶的粗蛋白质含量为2.81g/100g·DW,粗脂肪2.91g/100g·DW,总糖、可溶性糖、灰分含量分别为0.99g/100g、0.27g/100g、4.18g/100g·DW;两种地衣茶均含有17种氨基酸和多种矿物元素,具有一定营养价值;而两种地衣营养成分的含量存在差异。     

Composition and Characteristic Differences in Photosynthetic Membranes of Two Ecotypes of Reed (Phragmites communis L.) from Different Habitats

As compared with the swamp reed (SR) ecotype of Phragmites communis growing in the desert region of northwest China, plants of the dune reed (DR) ecotype from the same region possessed lower chlorophyll (Chl) content in leaves, and less thylakoids and grana stacks in chloroplasts. Tube gel electrophoresis without stain showed that the contents of Chl-protein (Pro) components related to photosystem 2 (PS2) were markedly lower in the DR thylakoid membranes than in the SR thylakoid membranes, while the contents of Chl-Pro components associated with PS1 were almost the same in both types. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the content of polypeptides of the light-harvesting Chl a/b complex of PS2 (LHC2) was lower in the DR thylakoids. Besides, the conformation of LHC2 within the DR thylakoid membranes was also altered as indicated by circular dichroism spectra. Hence in the DR, reduced energy harvesting by declining the size of LHC2 might be responsible for the down-regulated PS2 activity. Chl fluorescence parameters. F_v/F_m and quantum efficiency of PS2 (_PS2), were lower in the DR leaves than in the SR ones. However, non-photochemical quenching coefficient (q_N) was greater in DR than that in SR, implying other energy dissipation way exists in the DR photosynthetic membranes.     

Cloning of Five Human Cadherins Clarifies Characteristic Features of Cadherin Extracellular Domain and Provides Further Evidence for Two Structurally Different Types of Cadherin

The entire coding sequences for five possible human cadherins, named cadherin-4,-8,-11,-12 and-13, were determined. The deduced amino acid sequences of cadherin-4 and cadherin-13 showed high homology with those of chicken R-cadherin or chicken T-caciherin, suggesting that cadherin-4 and cadherin-13 are mammalian homologues of the chicken R-cadherin or T-cadherin. Comparison of the extracellular domain of these proteins with those of other cadherins and cadherin-related proteins clarifies characteristic structural features of this domain. The domain is subdivided into five subdomains, each of which contains a cadherin-specific motif characterized by well-conserved amino acid residues and short amino acid sequences. Moreover, each subdomain has unique features of its own. The comparison also provides additional evidence for two structurally different types of cadherins: the first type includes B-, E-, EP-, M, N-, P-and R-cadherins and cadherin-4; the second type includes cadherin-5 through cadherin-12. Cadherin-13 lacks the sequence corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of typical cadherins, but the extracellular domain shares most of the features common to the extracellular domain of cadherins, especially those of the first type of cadherins, suggesting that cadherin-13 is a special type of cadherin. These results, and those of other recent cloning studies, indicate that many cadherins with different properties are expressed in various tissues of different organisms.     

Comparison of Two Superfusion Systems for Study of Neurotransmitter Release from Rat Cerebral Cortex Slices

Depolarization-induced release of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and [3H]noradrenaline (NA) from rat cerebral cortex slices was studied in two superfusion systems: one with stationary and the other one with continuously shaken slice compartments. Calcium-dependent depolarization-induced release of GABA and NA could be demonstrated only with shaken slices. GABA, but not NA, could also be released by high K+ media and veratridine from stationary slices. Synaptic transmitter releasing mechanisms are apparently damaged in stationary slices, possibly due to impaired energy metabolism.     

Temperature Sensitivity of Photosynthesis in Lolium perenne Swards: A Comparison of Two Methods for Deriving Photosynthetic Parameters from in vivo Measurements

The seasonal variation in photosynthetic rate of grass swards is partly the result of changes in the environment and partly the result of changes in the photosynthetic capacity of the sward itself. We evaluated two types of photosynthesis equations regarding their capacity to analyse seasonal and short-term temperature effects on photosynthesis of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Intact cores of a field-grown ryegrass sward were taken to the laboratory 10 d after cutting for measurement of photosynthesis under controlled conditions. This was done during two four-week periods, in summer and autumn. Net photosynthetic rate (P _N) of the sward was lower in autumn than in summer. Both a simple negatively exponential photosynthesis irradiance-response curve and the Farquhar equations for photosynthesis were applied to the in vivo canopy measurements. Application of the irradiance-response curve showed that irradiance-saturated gross photosynthetic rate increased linearly with increasing temperature and was higher in summer than in autumn. The initial radiation use efficiency did not differ between the seasons but decreased with the temperature rise. This explains the observation that total canopy photosynthetic rate decreased after short-term temperature increases in both seasons. The parameters in Farquhar equations that represent the temperature sensitivity of the maximum electron transport rate and of the Michaelis-Menten constants for CO₂ and O₂ fixation could not be quantified satisfactorily. Parameterisation of the Farquhar equations was hampered by a lack of robust information on many biochemical parameters, and the use of simple empirical response-functions may be preferable in the case of in vivo canopy measurements on grass swards.     

不同产地和生长季节喜树叶中喜树碱含量测定

喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)是我国特有抗癌植物。本文通过测定不同产地的喜树幼嫩叶和成熟叶中喜树碱含量表明,均以四川都江堰所产喜树叶中喜树碱含量最高。不同生长月份的喜树嫩叶中喜树碱含量成一条单峰曲线,以7月喜树嫩叶中喜树碱的含量最高。