一株葡萄糖和木糖共发酵高效产乙醇重组运动发酵单胞菌的性能评价

木糖是木质纤维素原料水解液中的第二大组分,木糖和葡萄糖的充分利用是有经济性地生产纤维素乙醇的关键。通过基因克隆手段构建了一株可以高效利用木糖产乙醇的重组运动发酵单胞菌Zymomonas mobilis TSH01,并进行了利用单糖溶液、混合糖溶液及玉米秸秆水解液发酵产乙醇效率的研究。结果表明,利用单一葡萄糖或单一木糖溶液发酵时,当糖浓度为8%、发酵72 h后,糖利用率分别为100%和98.9%,乙醇代谢收率分别为87.8%和78.3%;利用8%葡萄糖和8%木糖的混合溶液发酵时,72 h后,葡萄糖和木糖的利用率分别为98.5%和97.4%,乙醇代谢收率为94.9%。利用含3.2%葡萄糖和3.5%木糖的玉米秸秆水解液发酵72 h后,葡萄糖和木糖的利用率分别为100%和92.3%,乙醇代谢收率为91.5%。此外,磷酸二氢钾对发酵过程中木糖利用率以及乙醇收率的提高有明显促进作用。     

产乙醇运动发酵单胞菌的研究进展

运动发酵单胞菌作为天然生产乙醇的主要微生物之一,具有特殊的Entner Doudoroff途径和其他一些特殊的糖代谢和能量代谢方式,因此具有乙醇产率高和乙醇耐受力强的显著特点。通过简述运动发酵单胞菌的糖代谢和能量代谢、乙醇和高渗透压等耐性及其遗传改造三方面的研究进展,阐明其应用于燃料乙醇生产的巨大潜力     

氯化镁对运动发酵单胞菌乙醇产率及耗糖的影响

研究了不同氯化镁浓度的合成培养基和复合培养基中,运动发酵单胞菌的乙醇产量及培养基中的残糖量。结果表明,在复合培养基和合成培养基中,乙醇产量最高、残糖量最低的最佳氯化镁浓度分别为0.005mol/L和0.01mol/L。     

木糖发酵重组菌研究进展

木糖发酵是植物纤维原料生物转化制取乙醇商业化生产的基础和关键 ,但自然界存在的微生物菌株不能满足商业化生产的需要。利用基因工程技术对细菌和酵母进行改造 ,以提高它们在厌氧条件下的木糖发酵能力成为目前研究和开发的重点。通过转基因和基因删除技术 ,主要对Escherichiacoli、Zymomonasmobilis、Pichiastipitis和Saccharomycescerevisiae等典型的乙醇发酵菌株实施基因改造 ,构建出一系列不同类型的木糖发酵重组菌株。与野生型菌株相比 ,重组菌株在厌氧条件下的木糖发酵能力得到了不同程度的改善 ,但是它们仍然未能投入于商业化生产。微生物的木糖代谢工程和木糖发酵重组菌株的构建有待于进一步的深入研究 。     

代谢工程改造运动发酵单胞菌用于提高乙醇产量

目的:采用可以在运动发酵单胞菌中表达的操纵子构建重组运动发酵单胞菌,用于提高该细菌对高温高糖的耐受性和提高乙醇产量.方法:用外来的YfdZ、MetB和Hsp构建的多顺反子质粒,转化运动发酵单胞菌而使其获得新的代谢途径.在玉米水解液中,验证了该多顺反子质粒对运动发酵单胞菌产生乙醇的影响.结果:与对照菌相比,在37℃和糖浓度为28%的培养条件下,该基因工程菌的乙醇产量提高到183.2%.在37℃,糖浓度为28%并添加氮源的条件下,该基因工程菌的乙醇产量提高到148.0%.结论:YfdZ、MetB及Hsp三种基因的共同作用能显著提高运动发酵单胞菌的乙醇产量和发酵温度.     

运动发酵单胞菌乙醇脱氢酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

采用PCR技术,以基因组DNA为模板克隆得到运动发酵单胞菌(Zyrnomonas mobilis)乙醇脱氢酶(alcohol dehydrogenaseⅡ)基因adhB,连接到表达载体pSE380上,得到重组质粒pSE-adhB。将此重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌菌株DH5α中,重组菌株经IPTG诱导后,在乙醛指示平板检测到乙醇脱氢酶活性。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示出明显的40KD特异性蛋白质条带。重组菌株经诱导培养,每毫升发酵液酶活力为5u。     

Over-expression of xylulokinase in a xylose-metabolising recombinant strain of Zymomonas mobilis

The broad host range vector pBBR1MCS-2 has been evaluated as an expression vector for Zymomonas mobilis. The transformation efficiency of this vector was 2 x 10(3) CFU per mug of DNA in a recombinant strain of Z. mobilis ZM4/AcR containing the plasmid pZB5. Stable replication for this expression vector was demonstrated for 50 generations. This vector was used to study xylose metabolism in acetate resistant Z. mobilis ZM4/AcR (pZB5) by over-expression of xylulokinase (XK), as previous studies had suggested that XK could be the rate-limiting enzyme for such strains. Based on the above vector, a recombinant plasmid pJX1 harboring xylB (expressing XK) under control of a native Z. mobilis promotor Ppdc was constructed. When this plasmid was introduced into ZM4/AcR (pZB5) a 3-fold higher XK expression was found compared to the control strain. However, fermentation studies with ZM4/AcR (pZB5, pJX1) on xylose medium did not result in any increase in rate of growth or xylose metabolism, suggesting that XK expression was not rate-limiting for ZM4/AcR (pZB5) and related strains.     

Separation of membrane fractions of Zymomonas mobilis

Abstract Membranes of Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 were separated by centrifugation on discontinuous density sorbitol gradient using a 2-step purification procedure. Four bands of respective densities 1.17 (L1), 1.20 (L2), 1.22 (H1), and 1.32 (H2) were obtained. NADH oxidase activity was detected in L1 and L2 fractions, indicating that they were derived from cytoplasmic membrane. H1 and H2 fractions gave a positive Limulus polyphemus lysate test of outer membrane endotoxin. Proteins of 2 cytoplasmic membrane bands and of 2 outer membrane bands showed respectively similar patterns when separated by electrophoresis.     

黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）和运动发酵单胞菌（Zymomonas mobilis）共固定化细胞酒精发酵的研究

本研究将生产上常用的糖化菌（Ａｓｐ．ｎｉｇｅｒ３．４３０９）与酒精产生菌（Ｚ．ｍｏｂｉｌｉｓ）共同固定在海藻酸钙凝胶中,以淀粉为原料进行固定化细胞酒精发酵实验,并就ｐＨ、温度、通气量。淀粉浓度等对发酵的影响进行了探讨,认为当ＰＨ为５．０～５．５,温度为３０℃～３３℃时乙醇产率最高（Ｙｐ／ｓ可达０．３９）。而淀粉浓度、通气量对共固定化细胞酒精发酵有显著影响,二者存在着较强的交互作用,在发酵过程中根据淀粉粘度情况调节通气量将有助于提高乙醇产率。     

Response of Zymomonas mobilis levansucrase activity to sodium chloride

An activation of levansucrase-catalysed levan formation by NaCl, KCl and Na2 SO4 (0.03–0.7 M) was observed using cell-free extract of Zymomonas mobilis. A sigmoidal response of the rate of levansucrase-catalysed reaction to the sucrose concentration was significantly reduced in the presence of salts the Hill coefficient 2.10 and 1.0–1.2 respectively), possibly, due to the heterotropic activation of levansucrase as an allosteric enzyme. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

D-cycloserine biases enrichment for auxotrophic mutants of Zymomonas mobilis

Abstract Contrary to its effect on rich medium, d-cycloserine showed no bactericidal effect on Zymomonas mobilis cells cultured on mineral medium. Addition of a mixture of glycine and glutamic acid to the mineral medium restored its bactericidal action. However, mutant enrichments run in these conditions were biased, with mostly methionine mutants isolated. A decrease of the d-cycloserine concentration only reduced the bias.     

Batch fermentation kinetics of sugar beet molasses by Zymomonas mobilis

A new osmotolerant mutant strain of Zymomonas mobilis was successfully used for ethanol production from beet molasses. Addition of magnesium sulfate to hydrolyzed molasses allowed repeated growth without the need of yeast extract addition. The kinetics and yields parameters of fermentation on media with different molasses concentrations were calculated. The anabolic parameters (specific growth rate, mu, and biomass yield, Y(X/S)) were inhibited at elevated molasses concentrations while the catabolic parameters (specific ethanol productivity, q(p), and ethanol yield, Y(p/s)) were not significantly affected. In addition to ethanol and substrate inhibition, osmotic pressure effects can explain the observed results.