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1.
Halina Wysokińska 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,33(2):181-186
A method for the micropropagation ofPenstemon serrulatus Menz. from shoot tips or nodal segments was developed. Multiple microshoot cultures (up to 20 shoots from a single explant) were obtained by maintenance of shoot tip explants on Schenk & Hildebrandt medium (SH) supplemented with 4.4 µM benzyladenine (BA) or 8.9 µM BA and 0.57 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Microshoots developed into numerous, normal shoots when explants were transferred to SH medium containing 2.9 µM IAA or 2.5 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Shoot cultures were also established from nodal segments (max. 6.8 shoots per segment) when they were placed on SH medium with 0.49 µM IBA and 2.2 µM BA. Rooting of shoots was better on SH medium containing auxin (IBA, NAA or IAA) than on SH medium without growth regulators. The plantlets were then transferred to pots and grown in the greenhouse. Four-month-old regenerated plants demonstrated similar iridoid content (leaves contained 3.83% dry wt. penstemide and 1.8% dry wt. serrulatoloside) as the original plants. 相似文献
2.
Juliani Héctor R. Koroch Adolfina R. Juliani Héctor R. Trippi Victorio S. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1999,59(3):175-179
A method for the micropropagation of Lippia junelliana (Mold.) Tronc. from shoot tips or nodal segments was developed. Proliferating microshoot cultures were obtained by placing
shoot tips or nodal segments on full strength Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 4.4 μM benzyladenine (BA)
or 0.04 μM indolebutyric acid- (IBA) plus 4.4 μM BA. The rooting of shoots was better on full-strength MS medium without growth
regulators. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized to soil. The shoot cultures showed a lower essential oil accumulation
in comparison with parent plants. Essential oil accumulation is closely related with growth and shows a negative correlation
with shoot proliferation.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Pedro Pérez-Bermúdez H. Ulrich Seitz Isabel Gavidia 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(2):178-182
Summary An efficient protocol for large-scale micropropagation of Isoplexis canariensis (L.) Loud., I. chalcantha Svent, and O'Shan., and I. isabelliana (Webb and Berth.) Masf. (Scrophulariaceae) is reported. Multiple shoots were obtained from shoot tips and nodal segments
isolated from seedlings when cultured under varying conditions. Factors such as nutrient media, concentration of growth regulators,
and type of induction medium (liquid or solid) strongly influenced shoot proliferation and development. Multiple well-developed
shoots were obtained after induction on solid media containing Murashige and Skoog full-strength salts and low cytokinin concentrations.
By changing the major salt formulation to half strength and employing liquid media the morphogenic parameters evaluated were
affected negatively. Many shoots rooted spontaneously in hormone-free media and plants grew successfully in the greenhouse.
Flowering was observed 6 mo. after ex vitro cultures were established. 相似文献
4.
Koroch Adolfina R. Juliani Héctor R. Juliani Héctor R. Trippi Victorio S. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,48(3):213-217
A method for the micropropagation of Hedeoma multiflorum Benth from shoot tips or nodal segments was developed. Proliferating
microshoot cultures were obtained by placing shoot tips or nodal segments on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
supplemented with 22.2 μM BA or 22.2 μM BA plus 0.05 μM NAA. Individual shoots were excised and transferred into rooting medium
containing auxins (IBA, NAA or IAA). Rooting of shoots was better on half-strength MS medium containing 0.6 μM IAA than on
half-strength MS medium without growth regulators. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized to soil. Preconditioning
at different sucrose concentrations prior to acclimatization had no effect on plant establishment, but influenced plant quality.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
马铃薯茎尖超低温保存流程TTC活力响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以马铃薯栽培种呼自83-213无菌试管苗茎尖为材料,通过开展2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC,2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride)茎尖活力染色关键因素研究,优化了马铃薯茎尖TTC活力染色条件,确定了适合的染色温度为40℃,染色时间为2 h。利用优化的TTC活力染色条件,对马铃薯茎尖小滴玻璃化超低温保存关键步骤处理茎尖进行TTC活力观察。研究发现:经蔗糖预培养(MS培养液添加0.3 mol/L和0.5 mol/L蔗糖)的茎尖与新鲜茎尖均保持高活力;经PVS2处理后茎尖表现时空特异性活力丧失和存活,分生组织和叶原基中间区域仍保持较高活力。通过对茎尖TTC活力染色面积测定,发现当茎尖TTC活力染色面积比≥0.4时,TTC活力染色与恢复培养存活率呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
6.
The season of collection of shoot tips from field-grown plants ofChrysanthemum morifolium cv. Birbal Salmi was found to be crucial for their proliferation and establishment of plants in vitro. Shoot tips collected
only during the period of March to April proliferated and survived. Shoot apices and segments of leaf, stem (nodal und internodal)
and root, excised from aseptically established plants, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with different
concentrations and combinations of Kn, BAP, IAA and NAA. A maximum number of 9 off-shoots differentiated, without intervening
callus formation, from a shoot tip in a treatment containing 1.5 mg l−1 BAP and 0.1 mg−1 NAA in 60 days. A single-node stem segment produced less shoots in the same treatment. Other kinds of expiants produced only
callus. About 2-cm-long shoots, excised from cultures of proliferating shoots, were rooted 100 %, acclimatized and grown in
soil. They grew normally and flowered true-to-type.
NBRI Research Publication No. 321 (N.S.) 相似文献
7.
Summary Two representative cultivars ofCicer arietinum, the desi-type cv.Annigeri and the kabuli-type cv.ICCV6, were regenerated in vitro and clonally propagated from cotyledonary
nodes and meristem tips. The explants were dissected from 1-wk-old seedlings aseptically germinated on WH medium. In both
cultivars, all nodes cultured on B5 medium supplemented with 4.4μM 6-benzylaminopurine developed up to seven shoots per node within 3 wk. Meristem tips were much better suited for multiple
shoot formation. Cultured on DKW-C-a medium supplemented with 4.4μM 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.05μM indole-3-butyric acid, 96% of the meristem tips produced up to 10 shoots per explant. A new method in improving clonal propagation
was subdividing the meristem tips. Doing so, multiple shoot formation was considerably enhanced: up to 90 shoots per original
explant could be obtained with cv.Annigeri, and up to 50 with cv.ICCV6. Indole-3-butyric acid proved to be the best rooting
factor. From several media tested, the best root induction and development was achieved on WH medium supplemented with 2.5μ M indole-3-butyric acid: 72% rooting with cv.Annigeri and 68% rooting with cv.ICCV6. With both cultivars there were no differences
in rooting capacity between shoots of nodal origin and those derived from meristem tips. The plantlets obtained were transferred
into soil and kept under greenhouse conditions. The survival frequency was 28% with cv.Annigeri and 23% with cv.ICCV6. R0 plants remained smaller than seed-grown controls and produced only a few fertile seeds. There was no difference between R1 plants and controls in growth, development, and seed set. 相似文献
8.
Single-node stem segments of Rosmarinus officinalis L. var. genuina forma erectus proved better explants than shoot tips (ca. 2 cm long) for extablishment of field-grown plants in aseptic cultures. Benzylaminopurine was far more effective than kinetin for shoot induction in shoot tips excised from aseptically-grown plants. Maximum numbers of shoot buds (ca. 14) were formed per explant at 0.2 mgl-1 benzylaminopurine in 30 days. After further growth of isolated shoots and treatment with 0.25 mgl-1 indolepropionic acid for 7 days, 80% shoots produced roots. In vitro raised plantlets were successfully grown in soil to plants. About 5,000 plants could be produced from a single nodal segment in 1 year.NBRI Research Publication No. 195 (N.S.) 相似文献
9.
Three explants namely, nodal, internodal and petiolar segments were used to establish in vitro cultures of Piper longum. Multiple shoots were induced on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA).
Addition of ascorbic acid (40 mg/l) considerably reduced browning of tissue and medium. Best shoot regeneration was observed
from petiolar explants and was, therefore, used for all further studies. An indexing method was introduced for checking bacterial
contamination in well established shoot multiplication cultures. It was found that bacterial infection was quite high in shoots
derived from nodal and internodal explants while it was least in those obtained from petiolar segments. Only shoots that indexed
negative for endogenous bacteria were used for proliferation and in vitro conservation studies. At the end of 4 weeks in proliferation
medium which consisted of MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BA and 40 mg/l ascorbic acid as many as 22 shoot buds of 41 mm length
could be obtained. Shoot buds developed into clusters for ease of further proliferation. A step of shoot elongation for 2 weeks
in liquid MS basal medium was found to be beneficial for getting long and healthy shoots for rooting. Single shoots were rooted
in 0.25 mg/l indole butyric acid that could be successfully acclimatized under nethouse conditions. A conservation strategy
was also developed. The shoot cultures could be maintained without subculturing for as long as 8 weeks in MS medium supplemented
with 1 mg/l paclobutrazol (PBZ) and 40 mg/l ascorbic acid. 相似文献
10.
Cryopreservation for eradication of Jujube witches' broom phytoplasma from Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba)
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R.R. Wang H.Q. Mou X.X. Gao L. Chen M.F. Li Q.C. Wang 《The Annals of applied biology》2015,166(2):218-228
Here, we report efficient eradication of Jujube witches' broom phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma ziziphi) from Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) by cryopreservation. Shoot tips (1.0 mm in size) with 5–6 leaf primordia (LPs) excised from diseased in vitro stock shoots were subject to droplet‐vitrification cryopreservation. Shoot tips following cryopreservation were post‐cultured on a recovery medium for survival. Plantlet regeneration was obtained by micrografting of surviving shoot tips upon in vitro rootstocks. With this protocol, 85% of shoot tips survived following cryopreservation, among which 75% regenerated into whole plantlets and all of them were free of phytoplasma, regardless of the sizes used for cryopreservation. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that phytoplasma was absent in the apical dome, and leaf primordia (LPs) 1 and 2, while abundance of phytoplasma was present in the lower parts of shoot tips, leaf primordium 3 and older tissues. Histological observations showed that much more damage was found in cells located in the lower part of apical dome, leaf primordium 3 and older tissues than in those at the upper part of apical dome and in the LPs 1 and 2. These cells were most likely to survive and regenerate into phytoplasma‐free plantlets following cryopreservation and micrografting. Ploidy levels analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) were maintained in plantlets regenerated from cryopreservation followed by micrografting. Results reported here would provide technical support for production of phytoplasma‐free plants and for long‐term storage of germplasm of Chinese jujube. 相似文献
11.
This study attempted to eradicate Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) from virus‐infected in vitro shoots of apple rootstocks ‘M9’ and ‘M26’ using shoot tip culture and cryopreservation. In shoot tip culture, shoot tips (0.2 mm in length) containing two leaf primordia failed to show shoot regrowth. Although shoot regrowth rate was the highest in the largest shoot tips (1.0 mm in length) containing four leaf primordia, none of the regenerated shoots was virus‐free. Shoot tips (0.5 mm in length) containing two and three leaf primordia produced 100% and 10% of ASPV‐free shoots, respectively, while those (1.0 mm) containing four leaf primordia were not able to eradicate ASPV. ASGV could not be eradicated by shoot tip culture, regardless of the size of the shoot tips tested. In cryopreservation, shoot tips (0.5 mm in length) containing two leaf primordia did not resume shoot growth. Although 1.0‐mm and 1.5‐mm shoot tips gave similarly high ASPV‐free frequencies, the latter had much higher shoot regrowth rate than the former. Very similar results of shoot regrowth and virus eradication by shoot tip culture and cryopreservation were observed in both ‘M9’ and ‘M26’. Histological observations showed that only cells in upper part of apical dome and in leaf primordia 1–3 survived, while other cells were damaged or killed, in shoot tips following cryopreservation. Virus immunolocalization found ASPV was not detected in upper part of apical dome and leaf primordia 1 and 2, but was present in lower part of apical dome, and in leaf primordium 4 and more developed tissues in all samples tested. ASPV was also detected in leaf primordium 3 in about 16.7% and 13.3% samples tested in ‘M9’ and ‘M26’. ASGV was observed in apical dome and leaf primordia 1–6, leaving only a few top layers of cells in apical dome free of the virus. Different abilities of ASPV and ASGV to invade leaf petioles and shoot tips were also noted. 相似文献
12.
A rapid and highly-effective method for micropropagation from nodal segment and shoot tip explants was established for Coleus blumei Benth. Nodal segments and shoot tips were inoculated on MS medium containing 0.7 % agar, 3 % commercial sugar, and different
combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid
(NAA). Hundred percent shoot induction from both explants was achieved on the medium containing BA (2 mg dm−3) and NAA (1 mg dm−3). Shoot tips were proved to be the better explant in comparison to nodal segments in having high rate of shoot induction
and more number of shoots. The same media conditions were found suitable for shoot multiplication. Multiplied shoots rooted
best on MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 mg dm−3). Micropropagated plants were successfully established in soil after hardening, with 100 % survival rate. 相似文献
13.
BA enhances the germination of oil palm somatic embryos derived from embryogenic suspension cultures 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Embryogenic suspension cultures of oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) allow mass propagation of somatic embryos; however regeneration rates are low. Histological observations have revealed that shoot development might be limited by the absence of a caulinary meristem. The addition of 6-benzyladenine during development was found to induce shoot apex differentiation and thus increased germination rates, by up to 70%. However, multiple shoot formation was a consequence of a longer period of cytokinin supply during the development of the embryo. In contrast, a short period of culture on medium with 6-benzyladenine at the begining of embryo development was found to result in single shoot production. 相似文献
14.
Nodal segments of Hibiscus moscheutos (hardy hibiscus) were excised from proliferating axillary shoot cultures and encapsulated in high density sodium alginate hardened by 50 mM CaCl2. Nodal segments 4 mm long grew as well as and were easier to encapsulate than 8 mm long nodal segments. Although nodal segments grew regardless of the concentration of sodium alginate, 2.75% was determined to produce the highest quality encapsulated nodal segments beads (sufficient alginate coating and ease of use) because of the viscosity produced by the 2.75% sodium alginate solution. When encapsulated segments were stored at 5°C they did not grow in light or darkness. During the first month on fresh proliferation medium under normal incubation conditions following 5°C storage in the dark for up to 24 weeks, root number and root and shoot elongation were inhibited linearly as storage time increased. All encapsulated nodal segments survived 24 weeks of 5°C storage in two separate experiments. In fact, 80% of encapsulated hardy hibiscus nodal segments survived refrigerated storage for 1½ years (78 weeks) and after 3 months on proliferation medium, the nodal segments produced nearly the same length axillary shoots with the same number of axillary nodes per shoot as compared to encapsulated segments either not stored at 5°C or stored for 24 weeks at 5°C. Growth from encapsulated and cold-stored ‘Lord Baltimore’ nodal segments was more vigorous than from ‘Southern Belle’ nodal segments. 相似文献
15.
The ability of shoot tips from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L., var. Eolo) cultured in vitro to develop resistance to freezing in liquid nitrogen depends on the physiological state of the cell material and the pretreatment conditions. Regrowth rates close to 100% have been obtained with apical shoot tips isolated from 2 month-old stems, precultured on medium supplemented with sucrose (0.75M) and treated with dimethylsulfoxide (5% or more). Resistance of axillary shoot tips decreased progressively as a funtion of their distance from the apical shoot tip. During the development of the stem from axillary buds (obtained by cutting), progressive increases in the regrowth rate of frozen apices were noted, from 30% before cutting (axillary buds) to 98% after 3 weeks of culture.Abbreviations DMSO
dimethylsulfoxide
- LN
liquid nitrogen 相似文献
16.
Samir C. Debnath Kenneth B. McRae 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):243-249
Summary Cultures of two eranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) cultivars, ‘Ben Lear’ and ‘Pilgrim’, and three eranberry clones from natural stands in Newfoundland were established
in a nutrient medium containing N6[2-isopentenyl]adenine (2iP) from nodal and/or shoot-tip explants obtained under aseptic conditions. The cultivars differed
in shoot regeneration in terms of shoot number per explant with various concentrations of 2iP over two culture periods. Best
total shoot production was obtained when nodal segments were cultured in the medium supplemented with 2.5–5.0 mg 2iP l−1 (12.3–24.6 μM). With higher 2iP levels, shoots did not expand and had a high mortality rate. Nodal explants of the three clones cultured
in the same nutrient medium supplemented with 2.5 mg 2iP l−1 (12.3 μM) produced three to five healthy axillary shoots per explant. In another experiment, nodal explants were more productive than
shoot tips. In all experiments with subculture, there was an increase in shoot multiplication rate for all genotypes. Shoots
were rooted in vitro in the same media used for shoot proliferation, but without any growth regulators. After their transfer to potting medium,
almost all of the rooted plants survived. Cranberry genotypes can be efficiently propagated and maintained through nodal culture
in a nutrient medium without auxin that contains 2.5–5 mg 2iP l−1 (12–25 μM). 相似文献
17.
Renata Garcia Georgia Pacheco Erica Falcão Gabriela Borges Elisabeth Mansur 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(1):47-54
Passiflora suberosa is used in popular medicine, improvement programs, and as an ornamental plant. The goal of this study was to establish efficient
protocols for plant regeneration and callus induction from nodal, internodal and leaf segments excised from in vitro-grown
plants. The different morphogenetic responses were modulated by the type and concentration of plant growth regulators, according
to the basal medium and light conditions. Shoot formation occurred through three pathways: (1) development of preexisting
meristems, (2) direct organogenesis, and (3) indirect organogenesis. Development of preexisting meristems was observed from
nodal segments (1 shoot/explant) in response to α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), picloram (PIC), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D), using two basal media (MS and MSM). Direct organogenesis in this species was obtained for the first time in
this work, through shoot development from internodal segments in the presence of 6-benzyladenine (BA). The highest regeneration
rates were achieved on MSM medium, regardless of the BA concentration. Indirect organogenesis was achieved from all explant
types on media supplemented with BA, used alone or in combination with NAA. The highest regeneration efficiency was obtained
from internodal segments cultured on MSM medium plus 44.4 μM BA. Compact, friable, or mucilaginous non-morphogenic calluses
were induced by thidiazuron, PIC, 2,4-D, and NAA. High-yielding friable calluses obtained on MSM medium supplemented with
28.9 μM PIC are being used for the establishment of suspension cultures and further analysis of the production of bioactive
compounds. 相似文献
18.
Plant regeneration from Rosa shoot tips cryopreserved by a combined droplet vitrification method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shoot tips obtained from in vitro Rosa plants (three cultivars) were successfully cryopreserved by a combined droplet vitrification method and subsequently shoots
regenerated. The excised shoot tips (1–4 mm long) were incubated in a liquid MS medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l−1 thiamine, 0.2 mg l−1 biotin, 0.2 mg l−1 pyridoxine, 0.25 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.5 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.08 M sucrose, for 24 h. Following that incubation shoot tips were pre-cultured in this MS medium containing 0.1 till
1.0 M sucrose for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Pre-cultured shoot tips were dehydrated with concentrated PVS2 cryoprotective
solution for 10–30 min at room temperature, prior to a direct plunge in liquid nitrogen. After rapid rewarming in the above
mentioned liquid medium shoot tips were plated on a modified MS medium (5 g l−1 agar) supplemented with vitamins and plant growth regulators as mentioned above for regrowth. Cryopreserved shoot tips resumed
growth within 10 days and regenerated shoots within 3 weeks. The highest numbers of regrowing shoot tips were 64.44% for cv.
Kardinal, 67.73% for cv. Fairy and 57.57% for cv. Maidy. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Salix tarraconensis Pau ex Font Quer, an endemic willow species from northeast Spain, was micropropagated with nodal segments. Shoot multiplication
was obtained with different cytokinins, either on Murashige and Skoog medium or woody plant medium. Best results for shoot
formation were obtained on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 4.9 μM of 6-γ-γ-dimethylallylaminopurine. Shoots showed strong apical dominance, and some cultures displayed apical necrosis. Benzyladenine
gave the worst results; shoots displayed very slow growth, deformed leaves, and hyperhydrity. Good rooting of shoots was obtained
with different auxins or without plant growth regulators on woody plant medium. The best results (90-100%) were obtained within
20 d. On rooting media with indole-3-butyric acid or indoleacetic acid, shoot elongation was good (35-40 mm length). Apical
necrosis was observed in elongating shoots on rooting medium, but this disturbance favored axillary bud sprouting and formation
of new shoots. Shoot length and quality of roots decreased gradually as the concentration of naphthaleneacetic acid increased.
Plant survival was 90% 4 weeks after removal fromin vitro conditions. 相似文献