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1.
D. A. Lalli A. G. Abbott T. N. Zhebentyayeva M. L. Badenes V. Damsteegt J. Polák B. Krška J. Salava 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2008,4(3):481-493
Plum pox virus (sharka; PPV) can cause severe crop loss in economically important Prunus species such as peach, plum, apricot, and cherry. Of these species, certain apricot cultivars (‘Stark Early Orange’, ‘Goldrich’,
‘Harlayne’) display significant levels of resistance to the disease and are the genetic substrate for studies of several xlaboratories
working cooperatively to genetically characterize and mark the resistance locus or loci for marker-assisted breeding. The
goals of the work presented in this communication are the characterization of the genetics of PPV resistance in ‘Stark Early
Orange’ and the development of co-dominant molecular markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in PPV resistance breeding.
We present the first genetic linkage map for an apricot backcross population of ‘Stark Early Orange’ and the susceptible cultivar
‘Vestar’ that segregates for resistance to PPV. This map is comprised of 357 loci (330 amplified fragment length polymorphisms
(AFLPs), 26 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and 1 morphological marker for PPV resistance) assigned to eight linkage groups.
Twenty-two of the mapped SSRs are shared in common with genetic reference map for Prunus (T × E; Joobeur et al. 1998) and anchor our apricot map to the general Prunus map. A PPV resistance locus was mapped in linkage group 1 and four AFLP markers segregating with the PPV resistance trait,
identified through bulk segregant analysis, facilitated the development of SSRs in this region.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Lalli, D.A. and Salava, J. contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
2.
Soengas P Hand P Vicente JG Pole JM Pink DA 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2007,114(4):637-645
Resistance to six known races of black rot in crucifers caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pammel) Dowson is absent or very rare in Brassica oleracea (C genome). However, race specific and broad-spectrum resistance (to type strains of all six races) does appear to occur
frequently in other brassica genomes including B. rapa (A genome). Here, we report the genetics of broad spectrum resistance in the B. rapa Chinese cabbage accession B162, using QTL analysis of resistance to races 1 and 4 of the pathogen. A B. rapa linkage map comprising ten linkage groups (A01–A10) with a total map distance of 664 cM was produced, based on 223 AFLP bands
and 23 microsatellites from a F2 population of 114 plants derived from a cross between the B. rapa susceptible inbred line R-o-18 and B162. Interaction phenotypes of 125 F2 plants were assessed using two criteria: the percentage of inoculation sites in which symptoms developed, and the severity
of symptoms per plant. Resistance to both races was correlated and a cluster of highly significant QTL that explained 24–64%
of the phenotypic variance was located on A06. Two additional QTLs for resistance to race 4 were found on A02 and A09. Markers
closely linked to these QTL could assist in the transference of the resistance into different B. rapa cultivars or into B. oleracea. 相似文献
3.
Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona Carmen Capel Emilio Sarria Rocío Torreblanca María L. Gómez-Guillamón Juan Capel Rafael Lozano Ana I. López-Sesé 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2011,27(2):181-192
Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii has become a major problem in melon since it occurs all year round irrespective of the growing system. The TGR-1551 melon
genotype was found to be resistant to several melon diseases, among them powdery mildew. However, the corresponding resistance
genes have been never mapped. We constructed an integrated genetic linkage map using an F2 population derived from a cross
between the multi-resistant genotype TGR-1551 and the susceptible Spanish cultivar ‘Bola de Oro’. The map spans 1,284.9 cM,
with an average distance of 3.6 cM among markers, and consists of 354 loci (188 AFLP, 39 RAPD, 111 SSR, 14 SCAR/CAPS/dCAPS,
and two phenotypic traits) distributed in 14 linkage groups. QTL analysis identified one major QTL (Pm-R) on LG V for resistance to races 1, 2, and 5 of powdery mildew. The PM4-CAPS marker is closely linked to the Pm-R QTL at a genetic distance of 1.9 cM, and the PM3-CAPS marker is located within the support interval of this QTL. These codominant
markers, together with the map information reported here, could be used for melon breeding, and particularly for genotyping
selection of resistance to powdery mildew in this vegetable crop species. 相似文献
4.
Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are major pests in greenhouse grown cucumber crops. Recently, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was shown an effective biological control agent of both pests. Hence, perhaps both pests
can be controlled simultaneously by this predator. However, with simultaneous infestation of both pests, synergistic effects,
or interference could affect biological control and perhaps require changes in release rates of the predator. Thus, the aim
of the present study was to evaluate different release rates of A. swirskii to control both pests under a worst case scenario of rapid immigration into a cucumber greenhouse. Two experiments were conducted,
one simulating the influx of whiteflies alone (whitefly experiment) and the other immigration of whiteflies and thrips together
(whitefly plus thrips experiment). Three treatments were compared in the whitefly experiment: (1) B. tabaci alone, (2) B. tabaci + 25 A. swirskii m−2 and (3) B. tabaci + 75 A. swirskii m−2. The high release rate was more effective than the low rate in controlling B. tabaci alone. The high rate was subsequently tested against B. tabaci and F. occidentalis for the whitefly and thrips experiment in which five treatments were compared: (1) B. tabaci alone, (2) F. occidentalis alone, (3) B. tabaci + 75 A. swirskii m−2, (4) F. occidentalis + 75 A. swirskii m−2 and (5) B. tabaci + F. occidentalis + 75 A. swirskii m−2. This rate of A. swirskii controlled whiteflies and thrips either alone or together. Therefore, 75 A. swirskii m−2 should be an adequate rate for controlling both pests either alone or simultaneously in cucumber greenhouses. 相似文献
5.
Gurung S Mamidi S Bonman JM Jackson EW del Río LE Acevedo M Mergoum M Adhikari TB 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(6):1029-1041
Tan spot, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a major foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Host plant resistance is the best strategy to manage this disease. Traditionally,
bi-parental mapping populations have been used to identify and map quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting tan spot resistance
in wheat. The association mapping (AM) could be an alternative approach to identify QTL based on linkage disequilibrium (LD)
within a diverse germplasm set. In this study, we assessed resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in 567 spring wheat landraces from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC). Using 832 diversity
array technology (DArT) markers, QTL for resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 were identified. A linear model with principal components suggests that at least seven and three DArT markers
were significantly associated with resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 5, respectively. The DArT markers associated with resistance to race 1 were detected on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 2B,
2D, 4A, 5B, and 7D and explained 1.3–3.1% of the phenotypic variance, while markers associated with resistance to race 5 were
distributed on 2D, 6A and 7D, and explained 2.2–5.9% of the phenotypic variance. Some of the genomic regions identified in
this study correspond to previously identified loci responsible for resistance to P. tritici-repentis, offering validation for our AM approach. Other regions identified were novel and could possess genes useful for resistance
breeding. Some DArT markers associated with resistance to race 1 also were localized in the same regions of wheat chromosomes
where QTL for resistance to yellow rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, have been mapped previously. This study demonstrates
that AM can be a useful approach to identify and map novel genomic regions involved in resistance to P. tritici-repentis. 相似文献
6.
Runli He Zhijian Chang Zujun Yang Zongying Yuan Haixian Zhan Xiaojun Zhang Jianxia Liu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2009,118(6):1173-1180
Powdery mildew resistance from Thinopyrum intermedium was introgressed into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genetic analysis of the F1, F2, F3 and BC1 populations from powdery mildew resistant line CH5025 revealed that resistance was controlled by a single dominant allele.
The gene responsible for powdery mildew resistance was mapped by the linkage analysis of a segregating F2 population. The resistance gene was linked to five co-dominant genomic SSR markers (Xcfd233, Xwmc41, Xbarc11, Xgwm539 and Xwmc175) and their most likely order was Xcfd233–Xwmc41–Pm43–Xbarc11–Xgwm539–Xwmc175 at 2.6, 2.3, 4.2, 3.5 and 7.0 cM, respectively. Using the Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the
polymorphic markers and the resistance gene were assigned to chromosome 2DL. As no powdery mildew resistance gene was previously
assigned to chromosome 2DL, this new resistance gene was designated Pm43. Pm43, together with the identified closely linked markers, could be useful in marker-assisted selection for pyramiding powdery
mildew resistance genes.
Runli He and Zhijian Chang contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
7.
Kai H Takata K Tsukazaki M Furusho M Baba T 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(3):577-583
PK23-2, a line of six-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) originating from Pakistan, has resistance to Japanese strains I and III of the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV). To
identify the source of resistance in this line, reciprocal crosses were made between the susceptible cultivar Daisen-gold
and PK23-2. Genetic analyses in the F1 generation, F2 generation, and a doubled haploid population (DH45) derived from the F1 revealed that PK23-2 harbors one dominant and one recessive resistance genes. A linkage map was constructed using 61 lines
of DH45 and 127 DNA markers; this map covered 1268.8 cM in 10 linkage groups. One QTL having a LOD score of 4.07 and explaining
26.8% of the phenotypic variance explained (PVE) for resistance to BaYMV was detected at DNA marker ABG070 on chromosome 3H.
Another QTL having a LOD score of 3.53 and PVE of 27.2% was located at marker Bmag0490 on chromosome 4H. The resistance gene
on chromosome 3H, here named Rym17, showed dominant inheritance, whereas the gene on chromosome 4H, here named rym18, showed recessive inheritance in F1 populations derived from crosses between several resistant lines of DH45 and Daisen-gold. The BaYMV recessive resistance
genes rym1, rym3, and rym5, found in Japanese barley germplasm, were not allelic to rym18. These results revealed that PK23-2 harbors two previously unidentified resistance genes, Rym17 on 3H and rym18 on 4H; Rym17 is the first dominant BaYMV resistance gene to be identified in primary gene pool. These new genes, particularly dominant
Rym17, represent a potentially valuable genetic resource against BaYMV disease. 相似文献
8.
Schwander F Eibach R Fechter I Hausmann L Zyprian E Töpfer R 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(1):163-176
A population derived from a cross between grapevine breeding strain Gf.Ga-52-42 and cultivar ‘Solaris’ consisting of 265 F1-individuals
was genetically mapped using SSR markers and screened for downy mildew resistance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis
revealed two strong QTLs on linkage groups (LGs) 18 and 09. The locus on LG 18 was found to be identical with the previously
described locus Rpv3 and is transmitted by Gf.Ga-52-42. ‘Solaris’ transmitted the resistance-related locus on LG 09 explaining up to 50% of the
phenotypic variation in the population. This downy mildew resistance locus is named Rpv10 for resistance to Plasmopara viticola. Rpv10 was initially introgressed from Vitis amurensis, a wild species of the Asian Vitis gene pool. The one-LOD supported confidence interval of the QTL spans a section of 2.1 centi Morgan (cM) corresponding to
314 kb in the reference genome PN40024 (12x). Eight resistance gene analogues (RGAs) of the NBS–LRR type and additional resistance-linked
genes are located in this region of PN40024. The F1 sub-population which contains the Rpv3 as well as the Rpv10 locus showed a significantly higher degree of resistance, indicating additive effects by pyramiding of resistance loci. Possibilities
for using the resistance locus Rpv10 in a grapevine breeding programme are discussed. Furthermore, the marker data revealed ‘Severnyi’ × ‘Muscat Ottonel’ as the
true parentage for the male parent of ‘Solaris’. 相似文献
9.
Barfin flounder (Verasper moseri) and spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) are two economically important marine fish species for aquaculture in China, Korea and Japan. Construction of genetic linkage
maps is an interesting issue for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) and for better understanding the genome structure.
In the present study, we constructed genetic linkage maps for both fish species using AFLP and microsatellite markers based
on an interspecific F1 hybrid family (female V. moseri and male V. variegatus). The female genetic map comprised 98 markers (58 AFLP markers and 40 microsatellite markers), distributing in 27 linkage
groups, and spanning 637 cM with an average resolution of 8.9 cM. Whereas the male genetic map consisted of 86 markers (48
AFLP and 38 microsatellite markers) in 24 linkage groups, covering a length of 625 cM with an average marker spacing of 10 cM.
The expected genome length was 1,128 cM in female and 1,115 cM in male, and the estimated coverage of genome was 56% for both
genetic maps. Moreover, five microsatellite markers were observed to be common to both genetic maps. This is the first time
to report the genetic linkage maps of V. moseri and V. variegatus that could serve as the basis for genetic improvement and selective breeding, candidate genes cloning, and genome structure
research. 相似文献
10.
A genetic transformation system has been developed for callus cells of Crataegus
aronia using Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Callus culture was established from internodal stem segments incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
5 mg l−1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). In order to optimize the callus culture system with respect to callus growth and coloration, different
types and concentrations of plant growth regulators were tested. Results indicated that the best average fresh weight of red
colored callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l−1 kinetin (Kin) (callus maintenance medium). Callus cells were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harboring the binary plasmid pCAMBIA1302 carrying the mgfp5 and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) genes conferring green fluorescent protein (GFP) activity and hygromycin resistance, respectively. Putative transgenic calli
were obtained 4 weeks after incubation of the co-cultivated explants onto maintenance medium supplemented with 50 mg l−1 hygromycin. Molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the transgenes in transformed callus. To our knowledge, this
is the first time to report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Crataegus
aronia. 相似文献
11.
Tingbo Jiang Boru Zhou Fuling Gao Baozhu Guo 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2011,27(3):347-356
A pseudo-testcross mapping strategy was used in combination with the random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) and amplified
fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping methods to develop two moderately dense genetic linkage maps for Betula platyphylla Suk. (Asian white birch) and B. pendula Roth (European white birch). Eighty F1 progenies were screened with 291 RAPD markers and 451 AFLP markers. We selected 230 RAPD and 362 AFLP markers with 1:1 segregation
and used them for constructing the parent-specific linkage maps. The resultant map for B. platyphylla was composed of 226 markers in 24 linkage groups (LGs), and spanned 2864.5 cM with an average of 14.3 cM between adjacent
markers. The linkage map for B. pendula was composed of 226 markers in 23 LGs, covering 2489.7 cM. The average map distance between adjacent markers was 13.1 cM.
Clustering of AFLP markers was observed on several LGs. The availability of these white birch linkage maps will contribute
to the molecular genetics and the implementation of marker-assisted selection in these important forest species. 相似文献
12.
Liu Z Zhu J Cui Y Liang Y Wu H Song W Liu Q Yang T Sun Q Liu Z 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(6):1041-1049
Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Wild emmer (Triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is a valuable genetic resource for improving disease resistance in common wheat. A powdery mildew resistance gene conferring
resistance to B. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate E09 at the seedling and adult stages was identified in wild emmer accession IW170 introduced from Israel. An incomplete
dominant gene, temporarily designated MlIW170, was responsible for the resistance. Through molecular marker and bulked segregant analyses of an F2 population and F3 families derived from a cross between susceptible durum wheat line 81086A and IW170, MlIW170 was located in the distal chromosome bin 2BS3-0.84-1.00 and flanked by SSR markers Xcfd238 and Xwmc243. MlIW170 co-segregated with Xcau516, an STS marker developed from RFLP marker Xwg516 that co-segregated with powdery mildew resistance gene Pm26 on 2BS. Four EST–STS markers, BE498358, BF201235, BQ160080, and BF146221, were integrated into the genetic linkage map of MlIW170. Three AFLP markers, XPaacMcac,
XPagcMcta, XPaacMcag, and seven AFLP-derived SCAR markers, XcauG2, XcauG3, XcauG6, XcauG8, XcauG10, XcauG20, and XcauG25, were linked to MlIW170. XcauG3, a resistance gene analog (RGA)-like sequence, co-segregated with MlIW170. The non-glaucousness locus Iw1 was 18.77 cM distal to MlIW170. By comparative genomics of wheat–Brachypodium–rice genomic co-linearity, four EST–STS markers, CJ658408, CJ945509, BQ169830, CJ945085, and one STS marker XP2430, were developed and MlIW170 was mapped in an 2.69 cM interval that is co-linear with a 131 kb genomic region in Brachypodium and a 105 kb genomic region in rice. Four RGA-like sequences annotated in the orthologous Brachypodium genomic region could serve as chromosome landing target regions for map-based cloning of MlIW170. 相似文献
13.
Jianli Chen Chenggen Chu Edward J. Souza Mary J. Guttieri Xianming Chen Steven Xu David Hole Robert Zemetra 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2012,29(3):791-800
High-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) is a durable type of resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). This study identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring HTAP resistance to stripe rust in a population consisting
of 169 F8:10 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between a susceptible cultivar Rio Blanco and a resistant germplasm
IDO444. HTAP resistance was evaluated for both disease severity and infection type under natural infection over two years
at two locations. The genetic linkage maps had an average density of 6.7 cM per marker across the genome and were constructed
using 484 markers including 96 wheat microsatellite (SSR), 632 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) polymorphisms, two sequence-tagged-site
(STS) from semi-dwarf genes Rht1 and Rht2, and two markers for low molecular-weight glutenin gene subunits. QTL analysis detected a total of eight QTL significantly
associated with HTAP resistance to stripe rust with two on chromosome 2B, two on 3B and one on each of 1A, 4A, 4B and 5B.
QTL on chromosomes 2B and 4A were the major loci derived from IDO444 and explained up to 47 and 42% of the phenotypic variation
for disease severity and infection type, respectively. The remaining five QTL accounted for 7–10% of the trait variation.
Of these minor QTL, the resistant alleles at the two QTL QYrrb.ui-3B.1 and QYrrb.ui-4B derived from Rio Blanco and reduced infection type only, while the resistant alleles at the other three QTL, QYrid.ui-1A, QYrid.ui-3B.2 and QYrid.ui-5B, all derived from IDO444 and reduced either infection type or disease severity. Markers linked to 2B and 4A QTL should be
useful for selection of HTAP resistance to stripe rust. 相似文献
14.
Rai R Singh AK Singh BD Joshi AK Chand R Srivastava CP 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2011,123(5):803-813
Pea rust caused by Uromyces fabae (Pers.) de-Bary is a major problem in warm humid regions causing huge economic losses. A mapping population of 136 F6:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between pea genotypes, HUVP 1 (susceptible) and FC 1 (resistant) was
evaluated in polyhouse as well as under field conditions during two consecutive years. Infection frequency (IF) and area under
disease progress curve (AUDPC) were used for evaluation of rust reaction of the RILs. A linkage map was constructed with 57
polymorphic loci selected from 148 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 3 sequence tagged sites (STS), and 2 random amplified polymorphic
(RAPD) markers covering 634 cM of genetic distance on the seven linkage groups of pea with an average interval length of 11.3 cM.
Composite interval mapping (CIM) revealed one major (Qruf) and one minor (Qruf1) QTL for rust resistance on LGVII. The LOD (5.2–15.8) peak for Qruf was flanked by SSR markers, AA505 and AA446 (10.8 cM), explaining 22.2–42.4% and 23.5–58.8% of the total phenotypic variation
for IF and AUDPC, respectively. The minor QTL was environment-specific, and it was detected only in the polyhouse (LOD values
4.2 and 4.8). It was flanked by SSR markers, AD146 and AA416 (7.3 cM), and explained 11.2–12.4% of the total phenotypic variation.
The major QTL Qruf was consistently identified across all the four environments. Therefore, the SSR markers flanking Qruf would be useful for marker-assisted selection for pea rust (U. fabae) resistance. 相似文献
15.
Melanie M. Davidson Ruth C. Butler David A. J. Teulon 《Journal of Insect Behavior》2012,25(3):297-307
The effect of visual cue color and size, volume of para-anisaldehyde (plant-derived semiochemical), and airflow on thrips behavior were examined in a flight chamber. After 5 min
more female Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) landed on sticky traps containing yellow plastic squares (100 cm2) (55.2% of those that flew landed on the trap) than blue (21%), white (4.7%), or transparent traps (2%). The percentage of
thrips caught on traps increased with increasing size of the visual cues (0 and 1 cm2 (4%), 4 cm2 (16%), 25 cm2 (44–49%), 100 cm2 (60%)). Using a yellow (100 cm2) square, fewer thrips flew in the presence of 1.0 ml (47%) or 2 ml (55%) of para-anisaldehyde than of 0.5 ml (78%). However, more thrips landed on a trap with a 100 cm2 yellow square when 1 ml of para-anisaldehyde (81%) was added than when 0.5 ml (55%) or 2 ml (62%) were added. Airflow (0–0.3 m/s) did not affect the percentage
of thrips that flew or landed on traps. Results suggest that thrips responded to a yellow cue in the absence of UV. Further,
the volume of para-anisladehyde affected the percentage that flew or landed on a trap containing a yellow cue. 相似文献
16.
Xuewen Xu Haifang Qiu Zhi-Qiang Du Bin Fan Max F. Rothschild Fan Yuan Bang Liu 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(1):451-459
CRP3 is the muscle-specific form of the cysteine and glycine-rich protein family and plays an important role in myofiber differentiation.
Here we isolated and characterized its coding gene CSRP3 from porcine muscle. Phylogenic analyses demonstrated that CSRP3 diverged first and is distinguished from two other members, CSRP1 and CSRP2. CSRP3 mRNA was up-regulated during the development of porcine embryonic skeletal muscle, indicating its potential importance in
muscle growth. Genetic variant analyses detected multiple variations in an approximately 400 bp region covering exon 4 and
its downstream intron, and two haplotypes were identified by sequencing. One of synonymous substitutions C1924T was used for
linkage and association analyses. It was revealed that the substitution of C1924T had significant associations with firmness
(P < 0.01), Lab Loin pH, Off Flavor Score and Water Holding Capacity (P < 0.05), and a suggestive effect (P < 0.1) on Flavor Score and Average Glycolytic Potential in a Berkshire × Yorkshire F2 population. The association analyses
results agreed with the gene’s localization to a QTL region for meat quality traits on porcine chromosome 2p14-17 demonstrated
by both linkage mapping and RH mapping. These results provide fundamental evidence for CSRP3 as a functional candidate gene affecting pig meat quality. 相似文献
17.
S. M. Aljanabi Y. Parmessur H. Kross S. Dhayan S. Saumtally K. Ramdoyal L. J. C. Autrey A. Dookun-Saumtally 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2007,19(1):1-14
In this study we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellite (short sequence repeat or SSR) markers
to identify a major quantitative trail locus (QTL) for yellow spot (Mycovellosiella koepkei) disease resistance in sugarcane. A bi-parental cross between a resistant variety, M 134/75, and a susceptible parent, R 570,
generated a segregating population of 227 individuals. These clones were evaluated for yellow spot infection in replicated
field trials in two locations across two consecutive years. A χ2-test (χ2 at 98% confidence level) of the observed segregation pattern for yellow spot infection indicated a putative monogenic dominant
inheritance for the trait with a 3 (resistant):1(susceptible) ratio. The AFLP and SSR markers identified 666 polymorphisms
as being present in the resistant parent and absent in the susceptible one. A genetic map of M 134/75 was constructed using
557 single-dose polymorphisms, resulting in 95 linkage groups containing at least two markers based on linkages in coupling.
QTL analysis using QTLCartographer v1.17d and MAPMAKER/QTL v1.1 identified a single major QTL located on LG87, flanked by an AFLP marker, actctc10, and an SSR marker, CIR12284. This
major QTL, which was found to be linked at 14 cM to an AFLP marker, was detected with LOD 8.7, had an additive effect of −10.05%
and explained 23.8% of the phenotypic variation of yellow spot resistance. 相似文献
18.
Two experiments were performed to determine how application of the cytokinin benzyladenine (BA) influenced flowering in Doritaenopsis and Phalaenopsis orchid clones. In the first experiment, two vegetative orchid clones growing in 15-cm pots were transferred from a 28°C greenhouse
that inhibited flowering to a 23°C greenhouse for flower induction (day 0). A foliar spray (0.2 L m−2) containing BA at 100, 200, or 400 mg L−1 or 25, 50, or 100 mg L−1 each of BA and gibberellins A4 + A7 (BA+GA) was applied on days 0, 7, and 14. Plants treated with BA alone at 200 or 400 mg L−1 had a visible inflorescence 3–9 days earlier and had a mean of 0.7–3.5 more inflorescences and 3–8 more flowers per plant
than nontreated plants. The application of BA+GA had no effect on inflorescence number and total flower number at the rates
tested. In the second experiment, three orchid clones received a single foliar spray of BA at 200 mg L−1 at six time points relative to time of transfer from 29°C to 23°C (−1, 0, +1, +2, +4, or +6 weeks). A separate group of plants
received a BA application at week 0 but was maintained at 29°C. Inflorescence number was greatest in all three orchid clones
when plants were treated with BA 1 week after the temperature transfer. Plants that were sprayed with BA and maintained at
29°C did not initiate inflorescences. The promotion of flowering by the application of BA suggests that cytokinins at least
partially regulate inflorescence initiation of Doritaenopsis and Phalaenopsis, but its promotion is conditional and BA application cannot completely substitute for an inductive low temperature. 相似文献
19.
Nina Rosa F. Castillo Nahla V. Bassil Sugae Wada Barbara M. Reed 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(3):246-256
Questions often arise concerning the genetic stability of plant materials stored in liquid nitrogen for long time periods.
This study examined the genetic stability of cryopreserved shoot tips of Rubus germplasm that were stored in liquid nitrogen for more than 12 yr, then rewarmed and regrown. We analyzed the genetic stability
of Rubus grabowskii, two blackberry cultivars (“Hillemeyer” and ‘Silvan’), and one raspberry cultivar (“Mandarin”) as in vitro shoots and as field-grown plants. No morphological differences were observed in greenhouse-grown cryopreserved plants when
compared to the control mother plants. In the field, cryopreserved plants appeared similar but were more vigorous than mother
plants, with larger leaves, fruit, and seeds. Single sequence repeats (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
analyses were performed on shoots immediately after recovery from cryopreservation and on shoots subcultured for 7 mo before
analysis. Ten SSR primers developed from “Marion” and “Meeker” microsatellite-enriched libraries amplified one to 15 alleles
per locus, with an average of seven alleles and a total of 70 alleles in the four genotypes tested. No SSR polymorphisms were
observed between cryopreserved shoots and the corresponding mother plants regardless of subculture. Although no polymorphisms
were detected in shoots analyzed immediately after recovery from cryopreservation, AFLP polymorphisms were detected in three
of the four Rubus genotypes after they were subcultured for 7 mo. Field-grown plants from the polymorphic shoot tips of R. grabowskii and ‘Silvan’ displayed the same AFLP fingerprints as their corresponding mother plants. Only long-cultured in vitro shoot tips displayed polymorphisms in vitro, and they were no longer detected when the plants were grown ex vitro. The transitory nature of these polymorphisms should be carefully considered when monitoring for genetic stability. 相似文献
20.
C. Jestin M. Lodé P. Vallée C. Domin C. Falentin R. Horvais S. Coedel M. J. Manzanares-Dauleux R. Delourme 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2011,27(3):271-287
Stem canker caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria
maculans is a major disease of Brassica
napus. Quantitative resistance factors appear to be important components for effective and durable control of this pathogen. Quantitative
trait loci (QTL) for stem canker resistance have previously been identified in the Darmor variety. However, before these QTL
can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) to breed resistant varieties, they must be validated in a wide range of genetic
backgrounds. We used an association mapping approach to confirm the markers located within the QTL previously identified in
Darmor and establish their usefulness in MAS. For this, we characterized the molecular diversity of an oilseed rape collection
of 128 lines showing a large spectrum of responses to infection by L. maculans, using 72 pairs of primers for simple sequence repeat and other markers. We used different association mapping models which
either do or do not take into account the population structure and/or family relatedness. In all, 61 marker alleles were found
to be associated with resistance to stem canker. Some of these markers were associated with previously identified QTL, which
confirms their usefulness in MAS. Markers located in regions not harbouring previously identified QTL were also associated
with resistance, suggesting that new QTL or allelic variants are present in the collection. All of these markers associated
with stem canker resistance will help identify accessions carrying desirable alleles and facilitate QTL introgression. 相似文献