苹果的抗氰呼吸与果实呼吸跃变的关系

苹果在发育期间呼吸对ＫＣＮ敏感,进入跃变期时呼吸为ＫＣＮ不敏感,但对间氯苯氧肟酸（ＣＬＡＭ）敏感。跃变期的苹果切片陈化后有诱导呼吸发生,且ＫＣＮ与ＣＬＡＭ对诱导呼吸都有一定的抑制作用。当在ＣＬＡＭ存在下进行陈化时,苹果诱导呼吸的发生被抑制约３０％,跃变期果实的特点是当果实进入成熟期时呼吸途径发生了由细胞色素途径向抗氰的交替途经转移的现象;同时其果实切片在陈化后可以发生诱导呼吸。     

苹果圆片诱导呼吸和乙烯产生的研究

跃变期前苹果圆片陈化后发生显著的伤诱导呼吸,乙烯也大量增生。Ag~+和AVG都明显抑制诱导呼吸发生,表明伤诱导乙烯对于诱导呼吸发生有重要作用。ACT、CHI和CHL强烈抑制乙烯和诱导呼吸。GA、IAA和ABA不同程度促进乙烯产生,但GA和IAA抑制,而ABA促进诱导呼吸。对诱导呼吸、乙烯产生和蛋白质合成作用的关系及激素对它们的调节进行了讨论。     

应用斯氏线虫大面积防治桃小食心虫

1993年在山东省寿光、泰安、淄博的苹果园大面积施用线虫Steinernema carpocapsae Agriotes防治桃小食心虫Carposina nipponensis Walsingham,并作不同线虫剂量的比较试验,同时测定的土温、气温和相对湿度.结果表明,在299公顷苹果园,每公顷施用线虫15亿,在适宜的温、湿度(土温26.2℃～27.1℃,气温25.5℃～29.5℃,相对湿度80%～89%)条件下,桃小食心虫的累计卵果率为0.4%～0.5%;而在气温过高,较干燥(土温为26.5℃～29℃,气温29.5℃～34℃,相对湿度为76.8%)条件下,桃小食心虫累计卵果率为2.4%.每公顷施用7.5亿和3.75亿线虫的果园,桃小食心虫的累计卵果率为1.5%～2.9%.以常规药剂处理的累计卵果率为1.5%和2.1%.清水对照的累计卵果率为2.8%与3.8%.说明应用昆虫病原线虫防治桃小食心虫能获得好的效果,值得大力推广.     

桃小食心虫的人工合成饲料及其饲养方法

桃小食心虫Carposina nipponensis Walsingham是苹果、梨、山楂、桃和枣的重要害虫。作为研究和防治对象,尤其是开展辐射不育、生物防治和抗药性测定研究工作,研究其人工合成饲料及大量饲养繁殖技术,解决试虫供应问题,是十分重要的。 作者等自1983年开始对桃小食心虫的人工合成饲料及其饲养的技术方法进行了研究。 经过3年的试验,从多种饲料配方中选出一种饲养桃小食心虫最佳的人工合成饲料,并摸索出适于人工大量饲养     

THE ROTTING OF APPLES BY GLOEOSPORIUM PERENNANS ZELLER & CHILDS

The extent of rotting of commercially stored Cox's Orange Pippin apples by Gloeosporium species has been severe in recent years. G. perennans has been found to be mainly responsible.
Tree infections of this fungus have usually been found to be prevalent in the orchards on farms where storage losses of fruit have occurred, and conidia of G. perennans have been found on cankers at all seasons during the year. Winter as well as summer pruning cuts have been found to become infected. Detached leaves of Cox's Orange Pippin have been successfully inoculated with G. perennans in the laboratory and the fungus has also been found on dead detached leaves in the orchard after picking time. Considerable variations have been found in the susceptibility to rotting of samples of different varieties of apple and samples of Cox's Orange Pippin apples from different orchards. Periodic loading of fruit with spores after picking has shown that resistance declines with length of storage. Wide variation in the time at which rotting commences in commercially stored samples has been observed. A series of inoculations on picked and unpicked immature fruit has shown that the apple loses its resistance to attack on picking. Lenticels which are impermeable to gaseous exchange have been shown to be resistant to penetration by the fungus. Temperature affects the development of lenticel rotting by G. perennans , infection being most rapid at temperatures of about 20°. Rotting can occur at 0° C.