乳腺癌转移抑制因子BRMS1研究进展

癌转移是导致癌症患者死亡的主要原因, 因此, 研究癌转移的分子机制能为癌症的预后和治疗提供新的方法。癌转移抑制基因是一类只抑制癌细胞的转移而不影响肿瘤的发生与生长的基因。BRMS1是2000年在乳腺癌细胞中发现的癌转移抑制基因。它所编码的蛋白还可以抑制黑素瘤细胞和小鼠乳腺癌细胞的转移。BRMS1定位于核内, 与mSin3-HDAC复合体相互作用, 并且可以改变乳腺癌细胞的connexin表达特征, 从而恢复间隙连接介导的细胞间连接通讯。文章就BRMS1的研究进展做一综述, 对其相关的基因也给予简单的介绍, 并对它可能的作用机制进行了预测。     

肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23研究的新进展

肿瘤转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３在不同转移潜能的癌细胞中多为低表达,在ｎｍ２３的两种亚型中,ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１可能在转移抑制中起着更重要的作用。ｎｍ２３蛋白可能 是通过与ＮＤＰＫ一致或相似的途径调节肿瘤的转移抑制,对ｎｍ２３的研究是近年肿瘤转移换制研究的热点,本文就其新近进展作一综述。     

肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23研究新进展

肿瘤转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３在不同转移潜能的癌细胞中多为低表达,在ｎｍ２３的两种亚型中,ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１可能在转移抑制中起着更重要的作用．ｎｍ２３蛋白可能是通过与ＮＤＰＫ一致或相似的途径调节肿瘤的转移抑制．对ｎｍ２３的研究是近年肿瘤转移抑制研究的热点,本文就其新近进展作一综述．     

肿瘤转移过程中相关基因的研究进展

肿瘤细胞转移相关基因的激活和／或转移抑制相关基因的失活均可诱发肿瘤细胞转移表型而导致转移的发生。肿瘤细胞成瘤性和转移性分别受“转移相关基因”和“转移抑制相关基因”的调控。本就肿瘤转移的细胞学基础,肿瘤转移相关基因的研究及肿瘤转移抑制相关基因的研究进行了综述。     

KAI－1──前列腺癌转移抑制基因

ＫＡＩ－１──前列腺癌转移抑制基因邓欣珠,罗贤懋（第四军医大学军队卫生学教研室,西安７１００３２）（中国医学科学院肿瘤研究所营养与肿瘤室,北京１０００２１）关键词前列腺癌,肿瘤转移抑制基因前列腺癌是男性常见肿瘤。美国癌症协会预测,１９９５年美国将有２...     

肿瘤转移相关基因syntenin的融合表达及纯化

肿瘤相关基因syntenin在乳腺癌的转移和浸润过程中发挥重要作用。syntenin基因编码蛋白的C端有2个串联的PDZ(PDZ1和PDZ2)结构域,它们与该蛋白的功能密切相关。PDZ结构域存在于多种蛋白质中。用PCR方法扩增了syntenin全长、N端（ΔPDZ)、串联重复的PDZ(2PDZ)、PDZ1和PDZ2结构域编码序列,并将其以正确相位与pGEX-2T载体中的GST序列编码融合,构建成重组质粒pGST-syntenin、pGST-ΔPDZ、pGST-2PDZ、pGST-PDZ1和pGST-PDZ2。将这些重组质粒分别转化E．coli DH50α后,分别表达了相应的GST融合蛋白。Westem blot检测结果表明,2种融合蛋白均能与GST抗体反应。表达的GST融合蛋白经谷胱甘肽-Sepharose 4B亲和层析获得了纯化的融合蛋白,为PDZ结构域及其相关蛋白功能研究提供了有用的材料。     

新的肿瘤抑制基因-ARLTS1

小分子GTP蛋白涉及肿瘤发生中多条信号通路的改变。类核糖基化因子肿瘤抑制基因1（ADP-ribosylation factor-like tumor suppressorgene1,ARLTS1）,是小分子GTP蛋白Ras超家族中ARF家族的成员之一。该基因是低显性基因,可因启动子超甲基化而失调。有两种ARLTSl的多态性与肿瘤的家族风险相关。ARLTS1表达下调与部分肿瘤发生有重要关系,而恢复其表达则会诱导caspase依赖的细胞凋亡发生,并减少肿瘤的体内生长。通过基因微阵列实验发现,转导ARLTS1基因诱导细胞凋亡过程中众多涉及细胞存活、增殖和发育的信号通路。     

肿瘤转移基因研究进展

肿瘤转移和侵袭的分子调控机制是当前肿瘤分子生物学研究的前沿。肿瘤转移基因ｍｔｓｌ的发现对转移机理的研究具有重要意义。     

肺癌转移抑制相关基因研究进展

肺癌是发病率和死亡率增长最快、对人类健康威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一。侵袭转移是肺癌患者死亡的首要原因。研究表明,在肺癌中发挥转移抑制作用的相关基因主要有nm23、KAI1、TIMP、Cadherin以及MRP-1等。本文对近年来这些基因的研究进展及其对肺癌侵袭转移的抑制作用作一综述     

DLC1在乳腺癌中的肿瘤抑制作用机理

DLC1是1998年在对原发性肝癌进行研究时首次分离和报道的,它不仅在肝癌中表达缺失,而且在人类多种恶性肿瘤中也表达低下或缺失,是近年来研究较热门的肿瘤抑制基因。乳腺癌是女性常见的恶性肿瘤,极大影响女性身心健康,在乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤中,DLC1具有抑制癌细胞增殖、迁移并诱导凋亡的作用。     

Expression and clinicopathological significance of lipin-1 in human breast cancer and its association with p53 tumor suppressor gene

Breast cancer (BC) is an important cause of female cancer-related death. It has recently been demonstrated that metabolic disorders including lipid metabolism are a hallmark of cancer cells. Lipin-1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity and regulates the rate-limiting step in the pathway of triglycerides and phospholipids synthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate lipin-1 expression, its prognostic significance, and its correlation with p53 tumor suppressor in patients with BC. In this study, 55 pairs of fresh samples of BC and adjacent noncancerous tissue were used to analyze lipin-1, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The expression of other clinicopathological variables and p53 was also examined using IHC technique. The cell migration was studied in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells following the inhibition of lipin-1 by propranolol. Our results show that the relative expression of lipin-1 messenger RNA was significantly higher in BC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissue and its inhibition reduced cell migration in cancer cells. This upregulation was negatively correlated with histological grade of tumor and p53 status (p = .001 and p = .034) respectively and positively correlated with the tumor size (p = .006). Our results also seem to indicate that the high lipin-1 expression is related to a good prognosis in patients with BC. The expression of lipin-1 may be considered as a novel independent prognostic factor. The inhibition of lipin-1 may also have therapeutic significance for patients with BC. The correlation between lipin-1 and p53 confirms the role of p53 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells.     

Suppression of human melanoma metastasis by the metastasis suppressor gene, BRMS1

We recently identified a novel metastasis suppressor gene, BRMS1, in breast cancer. Since the BRMS1 gene maps to chromosome 11q13.1-q13.2 and since chromosome 11q defects have been described in various stages of human melanoma progression, we hypothesized that BRMS1 may function as a tumor or metastasis suppressor in melanomas as well. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that BRMS1 mRNA expression was high in melanocytes, considerably reduced in early melanoma-derived cell lines, and barely detectable in advanced/metastatic cell lines. Stable transfectants of BRMS1 in the human melanoma cell lines MelJuSo and C8161.9 did not alter the tumorigenicity of either cell line, but significantly suppressed metastasis compared to vector-only transfectants. Orthotopic tumors continued to express BRMS1, but expression was lost in lung metastases. In vitro morphology, growth rate, and histology of BRMS1 transfectants were similar to controls. BRMS1 transfectants were less invasive in a collagen sandwich assay and had restored homotypic gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Thus, BRMS1 functions as a metastasis suppressor in more than one tumor type (i.e., breast carcinoma and cutaneous melanoma) by modifying several metastasis-associated phenotypes.     

Hoxc8 downregulates Mgl1 tumor suppressor gene expression and reduces its concomitant function on cell adhesion

Hoxc8 is a homeobox gene family member, which is essential for growth and differentiation. Mgl1, a mouse homologue of the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene lgl, was previously identified as a possible target of Hoxc8. However, the biological effects and underlying molecular mechanism of Hoxc8 regulation on Mgl1 has not been fully established. The endogenous expression patterns of Hoxc8 were inversely correlated with those of Mgl1 in different types of cells and tissues. Here we showed that Hoxc8 overexpression downregulated the Mgl1 mRNA expression. Characterization of the ∼2 kb Mgl1 promoter region revealed that the upstream sequence contains several putative Hox core binding sites and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that Hoxc8 directly binds to the 5′ upstream region of Mgl1. The promoter activity of this region was diminished by Hoxc8 expression but resumed by knockdown of Hoxc8 using siRNA against Hoxc8. Functional study of Mgl1 in C3H10T1/2 cells revealed a significant reduction in cell adhesion upon expression of Hoxc8. Taken together, our data suggest that Hoxc8 downregulates Mgl1 expression via direct binding to the promoter region, which in turn reduces cell adhesion and concomitant cell migration.     

A tumor suppressor DLC1: The functions and signal pathways

Deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC1), a potential tumor suppressor, acts as a GTPase-activating protein for Rho family members. In many human cancers, the DLC1 expression is frequently downregulated or inactivated, which allows cancer cells to proliferate and disseminate. In this review, we describe the characteristics and other members of the DLC1 family and delineate the signal pathways DLC1 involved in regulating cancer cell growth, colony formation, apoptosis, senescence, autophagy, migration and invasion. In addition, we explore the clinical data of DLC1 and the mechanisms that natural products upregulate the DLC1 expression to inhibit cancer. Despite these insights, many important unanswered questions remain about the exact mechanisms of DLC1-mediated cancer suppression.     

Modelling and simulation of mutant alleles of breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) gene

Computational tools occupy the prime position in the analysis of large volume of post-genomic data. These tools have advantage over the wet lab experiments in terms of high coverage, cost and time. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide. It is a genetically heterogeneous disorder and many genes are involved in the pathway of the disease. Mutations in metastasis suppressor gene are the major cause of the disease. In this study, the effects of mutations in breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1gene upon protein structure and function were examined by means of computational tools and information from databases.This study can be useful to predict the potential effect of every allelic variant, devise new biological experiments and to interpret and predict the patho-physiological impact of new mutations or non-synonymous polymorphisms.