共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Anthony J.Miller 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2005,48(Z2)
As rice can use both nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+), we have tested the hypothesis that the shift in the pattern of cultivars grown in Jiangsu Province reflects the ability of the plants to exploit NO3- as a nitrogen (N) source. Four rice cultivars were grown in solution culture for comparison of their growth on NO3- and NH4+ nitrogen sources. All four types of rice, Xian You 63 (XY63), Yang Dao 6 (YD), Nong Keng 57 (NK) and Si You 917 (SY917), grew well and produced similar amounts of shoot biomass with 1 mmol/L NH4+ as the only N source. However, the roots of NK were significantly smaller in comparison with the other cultivars. When supplied with 1 mmol/L NO3- YD produced the greatest biomass; while NK achieved the lowest growth among the four cultivars. Electrophysiological measurements on root rhizodermal cells showed that the NO3- elicited changes in membrane potential (△Em) of these four rice cultivars were significantly different when exposed to low external NO3- (<1 mmol/L); while they were very similar at high external NO3- (10 mmol/L). The root cell membrane potentials of YD and XY63 were more responsive to low external NO3- than those of NK and SY917. The△Em values for YD and XY63 rhizodermal cells were almost the same at both 0.1 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L NO3-; while for the NK and SY917 the values became larger as the external NO3- increased. For YD cultivar,△Em was measured over a range of NO3- concentrations and a Michaelis-Menten fit to the data gave a Km value of 0.17 mmol/L. Net NO3- uptake depletion kinetics were also compared and for some cultivars (YD and XY63) a single-phase uptake system with first order kinetics best fitted the data; while other cultivars (ND and SY917) showed a better fit to two uptake systems. These uptake systems had two affinity ranges: one had a similar Km in all the cultivars (0.2 mmol/L); the other much higher affinity system (0.03 mmol/L) was only present in NK and SY917. The expression pattern of twelve different NO3- transporter genes was tested using specific primers, but only OsNRT1.1 and OsNRT2.1 expression could be detected showing significant differences between the four rice cultivars. The results from both the physiological and molecular experiments do provide some support for the hypothesis that the more popular rice cultivars grown in Jiangsu Province may be better at using NO3- as an N source. 相似文献
2.
FAN Xiaorong SHEN Qirong MA Zhengqiang ZHU Huilan YIN Xiaoming Anthony J. Miller 《中国科学C辑(英文版)》2005,48(Z2)
As rice can use both nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+), we have tested the hypothesis that the shift in the pattern of cultivars grown in Jiangsu Province reflects the ability of the plants to exploit NO3- as a nitrogen (N) source. Four rice cultivars were grown in solution culture for comparison of their growth on NO3- and NH4+ nitrogen sources. All four types of rice,Xian You 63 (XY63), Yang Dao 6 (YD), Nong Keng 57 (NK) and Si You 917 (SY917), grew well and produced similar amounts of shoot biomass with 1 mmol/L NH4+ as the only N source.However, the roots of NK were significantly smaller in comparison with the other cultivars. When supplied with 1 mmol/L NO3-, YD produced the greatest biomass; while NK achieved the lowest growth among the four cultivars. Electrophysiological measurements on root rhizodermal cells showed that the NO3--elicited changes in membrane potential (ΔEm) of these four rice cultivars were significantly different when exposed to low external NO3- (<1 mmol/L); while they were very similar at high external NO3- (10 mmol/L). The root cell membrane potentials of YD and XY63 were more responsive to low external NO3- than those of NK and SY917. The ΔEm values for YD and XY63 rhizodermal cells were almost the same at both 0.1 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L NO3-;while for the NK and SY917 the values became larger as the external NO3- increased. For YD cultivar, ΔEm was measured over a range of NO3- concentrations and a Michaelis-Menten fit to the data gave a Km value of 0.17 mmol/L. Net NO3- uptake depletion kinetics were also compared and for some cultivars (YD and XY63) a single-phase uptake system with first order kinetics best fitted the data; while other cultivars (ND and SY917) showed a better fit to two uptake systems. These uptake systems had two affinity ranges: one had a similar Km in all the cultivars (0.2 mmol/L); the other much higher affinity system (0.03 mmol/L) was only present in NK and SY917. The expression pattern of twelve different NO3- transporter genes was tested using specific primers, but only OsNRT1.1 and OsNRT2. 1 expression could be detected showing significant differences between the four rice cultivars. The results from both the physiological and molecular experiments do provide some support for the hypothesis that the more popular rice cultivars grown in Jiangsu Province may be better at using NO3- as an N source. 相似文献
3.
《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2005,48(Z1):902-908
As rice can use both nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+), we have tested the hypothesis that the shift in the pattern of cultivars grown in Jiangsu Province reflects the ability of
the plants to exploit NO3- as a nitrogen (N) source. Four rice cultivars were grown in solution culture for comparison of their growth on NO3- and NH4+ nitrogen sources. All four types of rice, Xian You 63 (XY63), Yang Dao 6 (YD), Nong Keng 57 (NK) and Si You 917 (SY917), grew well and produced similar amounts of shoot biomass with 1 mmol/L NH4+ as the only N source. However, the roots of NK were significantly smaller in comparison with the other cultivars. When supplied with 1 mmol/L NO3-, YD produced the greatest biomass; while NK achieved the lowest growth among the four cultivars. Electrophysiological measurements on root rhizodermal cells
showed that the NO3--elicited changes in membrane potential (ΔEm) of these four rice cultivars were significantly different when exposed to low external NO3- (<1 mmol/L); while they were very similar at high external NO3- (10 mmol/L). The root cell membrane potentials of YD and XY63 were more responsive to low external NO3- than those of NK and SY917. The ΔEm values for YD and XY63 rhizodermal cells were almost the same at both 0.1 mmol/L and 1 mmol/L NO3-; while for the NK and SY917 the values became larger as the external NO3- increased. For YD cultivar, ΔEm was measured over a range of NO3- concentrations and a Michaelis-Menten fit to the data gave a Km value of 0.17 mmol/L. Net NO3- uptake depletion kinetics were also compared and for some cultivars (YD and XY63) a single-phase uptake system with first order kinetics best fitted the data; while other cultivars (ND and SY917) showed a better fit to two uptake systems. These uptake systems had two affinity ranges: one had a similar Km in all the cultivars (0.2 mmol/L); the other much higher affinity system (0.03 mmol/L) was only present in NK and SY917. The expression pattern of twelve different NO3- transporter genes was tested using specific primers, but only OsNRT1.1 and OsNRT2.1 expression could be detected showing significant differences between the four rice cultivars. The results from both the physiological and molecular experiments do provide some support for the hypothesis that the more popular rice cultivars grown in Jiangsu Province may be better at using NO3- as an N source. 相似文献
4.
Manju Shri Arti Rai Pankaj Kumar Verma Prashant Misra Sonali Dubey Smita Kumar Sikha Verma Neelam Gautam Rudra Deo Tripathi Prabodh Kumar Trivedi Debasis Chakrabarty 《Protoplasma》2013,250(2):631-636
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of indica rice varieties has been quite difficult as these are recalcitrant to in vitro responses. In the present study, we established a high-efficiency Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system of rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) cv. IR-64, Lalat, and IET-4786. Agrobacterium strain EHA-101 harboring binary vector pIG121-Hm, containing a gene encoding for β-glucuronidase (GUS) and hygromycin resistance, was used in the transformation experiments. Manipulation of different concentrations of acetosyringone, days of co-culture period, bacterial suspension of different optical densities (ODs), and the concentrations of l-cysteine in liquid followed by solid co-culture medium was done for establishing the protocol. Among the different co-culture periods, 5 days of co-culture with bacterial cells (OD600 nm?=?0.5–0.8) promoted the highest frequency of transformation (83.04 %) in medium containing l-cysteine (400 mg l?1). Putative transformed plants were analyzed for the presence of a transgene through genomic PCR and GUS histochemical analyses. Our results also suggest that different cultural conditions and the addition of l-cysteine in the co-culture medium improve the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequencies from an average of 12.82 % to 33.33 % in different indica rice cultivars. 相似文献
5.
S. S. Virmani R. C. Aquino G. S. Khush 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1982,63(4):373-380
Summary Studies conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) during 1980 and 1981 have shown up to 73% heterosis, 59% heterobeltiosis and 34% standard heterosis for yield in rice. The latter was estimated in comparison to commercial varieties: IR36 and IR42 (yield 4–5 t/ha in wet season trials and 7–8 t/ha in dry season trials). Generally speaking, absolute yield was lower and extent of standard heterosis was higher in wet season than in dry season with some exception. Yields up to 5.9 t/ha (22% standard heterosis) in the wet season and 10.4 t/ha (34% standard heterosis) in the dry season were obtained. Most of the hybrids performed better in some season while some performed better in both seasons. Hybrids showed better lodging resistance although they were 5–10 cm taller. F1 hybrids had significant positive correlations with the parental traits viz., yield (r = 0.446), tillering (r = 0.746), height (r = 0.810) and flowering (r = 0.843). Selection of parents among elite breeding lines on the basis of their per se yield performance, diverse origin and resistance to insects and diseases should give heterotic combination. Yield advantage of hybrids was due primarily to increase in number of spikelets per unit area even though tiller number was reduced. Grain weight was either the same or slightly higher. High yielding hybrids also showed significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for total dry matter and harvest index. For commercial utilization of heterosis in rice, effective male sterility and fertility restoration systems are available and up to 45% natural outcrossing on male sterile lines has been observed. Consequently, F1 rice hybrid have been successfully developed and used in China. Prospects of developing hybrid rice varieties elsewhere appear bright especially in countries that have organized seed production, certification and distribution programs and where hybrid seed can be produced at a reasonable cost. 相似文献
6.
7.
Masih Aayan Mohammad Abdollahi 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(15-16):879-888
AbstractFungal diseases are the most important threat for rice production in the world. Rice fields were visited and sampled from diseased bushes to identify fungal diseases in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, in the south-west of Iran. Fungi were isolated from diseased tissues by Agar-plate method, and purified by single-spore or hyphal-tip methods. They were identified by studying morphological characteristics. The virulence of isolated fungi was evaluated on six dominant rice cultivars, Champa of temperate region, Champa of subtropical region, Gerdeh, Shamim, Fajr and Tarom, under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was set up in a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with four replicates. The incidence of three fungal diseases: brown spot caused by Curvularia australiensis and Bipolaris cookei, foot rot caused by Fusarium globosum and Fusarium sambucinum, and black root rot caused by Exserohilum pedicellatum, was proven in this study. Although, all of the tested cultivars significantly showed different reaction to these fungi, but the cultivars Champa of subtropical region and Tarom were resistant to foot rot as well as the black root rot and the cultivar Gerdeh was resistant to brown spot disease. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(1):62-68
Nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) accumulation in submergence tolerant rice cultivars (cv) was studied in six Indica rice [Oryza sativa (L.)] cv under control and simulated submerged conditions. Tolerant cultivars accumulated greater contents of NSC compared to the susceptible cultivars. Starch and total NSC content showed significant positive association with survival percentage. On the other hand, elongation due to submergence was significantly a negative association with survival. The CO2 photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm), and activities of Rubisco were not significantly different between tolerant and susceptible cv under control condition. The ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPPase) activity was significantly higher in the tolerant cv and was a positive association with starch/NSC, whereas Fructose 1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase) activity was significantly higher in susceptible cv compared to tolerant cv and was a negative association with starch/NSC. Greater activities of AGPPase along with lower activities of FDPase might facilitate greater accumulation of NSC in tolerant rice cultivars. 相似文献
9.
Allelopathic potential in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
10.
Wazifa Afrin Mahmudul Hassan Nafis Muhammed Ali Hossain Mirza Mofazzal Islam Md. Amir Hossain 《Comptes rendus biologies》2018,341(2):85-96
The study aims at identifying some submergence-tolerant rice genotypes through morphological and molecular characterization and their genetic variability analysis. Ten rice genotypes including two submergence-tolerant checks, two susceptible varieties and six advanced lines were evaluated for submergence tolerance in the laboratory and in the field during January–December 2015. The experiment was conducted in the field following randomized complete block design in a two-factor arrangement using five replications. Ten characters, viz. days to flowering, plant height, tiller number plant?1, effective tiller plant?1, and yield plant?1 etc. were studied for four treatments. A significant genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits studied in this experiment. The yield was reduced for all genotypes at a different level of submergence stress compared to control. Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, RC 249 and RC 251 showed tolerance, whereas RC 192, RC 193 and RC 225 showed moderate tolerance in submerged condition. The phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) in all the studies traits. High heritability (75–97%) was found for all traits. High heritability along with high genetic advance was found for days to flowering (45.55) and plant height (40.05). Molecular characterization of the used genotypes was done with three SSR markers viz. RM 24, and submergence specific SC3 and SUB1. SC3 was found reliable for detection of submergence tolerant genotypes due to the highest gene diversity (0.840) compared to others. The banding pattern of the submergence specific markers SC3 and SUB1 identified in Binadhan-11, Binadhan-12, RC 192, RC 193, RC 225, RC 227, RC 249, and RC 251, which possess the SUB1 gene. Finally, clustering also separates the tolerant genotypes from the susceptible by dividing them into different clusters. The identified genotypes might be useful for the breeding programme for the development of submergence tolerant as well as resistant rice variety in Bangladesh. 相似文献
11.
S. Ranjhan J. C. Glaszmann D. A. Ramirez G. S. Khush 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1988,75(4):541-545
Summary Four genes coding for isozymes in rice (Oryza sativa L.), were located to respective chromosmes through trisomic analysis. Twelve primary trisomics in IR36 background were crossed with 2 lines having contrasting alleles at four loci. For each gene, all 12 disomic and trisomic F1 hybrids were screened for allele dosage effects. Either F2 or BC1 populations of all cross combinations were assessed for gene segregtion. Evidence from both sources indicated the following locations: Pgi-1 on chromosome 4, Sdh-1 on chromosome 6, Est-8 on chromosome 7 and Adh-1 on chromosome 11. The location of Sdh-1 was further confirmed through the production of triallelic heterozygotes with trisomic 6. 相似文献
12.
Inheritance of gel consistency in rice was studied in crossés involving highamylose, low-gelatinizalion temperature parents
with hard, medium, and soft gel consistency. The results of single-grain analysis of parents, F1, F2, B1F1, B2F2, and their reciprocal crosses from a single-season harvest showed that the differences between hard and soft, hard and medium,
and medium and soft gel consistency are under monogenic control and that modifiers affect the expression of the trait. Multiple
alleles at the same locus, hereby designated asgec
a for medium gel consistency andgec
b for soft gel consistency, were recessive to the wild type allele for hard gel consistency andgec
a was dominant overgec
b. The results indicate that selection for desired gel consistency can effectively be done in early segregating generations. 相似文献
13.
QTLs for nitrate induced elongation and initiation of lateral roots in rice (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
To investigate the genetic background of nitrate-induced elongation and initiation of lateral roots in rice (Oryza sativa L.), a doubled haploid (DH) population, derived from a cross between IR64 and Azucena, which showed different responses to local supplied NO3
– in lateral root elongation and initiation, was used in an agar culture experiment with three separated layers. The second agar layer was supplied with 3 mM NO3
– or without NO3
– as two treatments. Average lateral root length, lateral root number and surface area of lateral roots in the second agar layers with and without nitrate, respectively, were measured. The ratio of the parameters from the two treatments were calculated as derived parameters. Seven putative Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the 6 lateral root traits in nitrate-deficient and nitrate-supplied layers were detected. These QTLs individually explained about 9% to 15% of the total phenotypic variations in the traits. Identical QTLs for root traits from other reports with QTLs detected in this case were found, which suggests that the genetic factors responsive to local supplied NO3
– is involved in root growth and development 相似文献
14.
Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling sheath blight resistance in two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. H. Zou X. B. Pan Z. X. Chen J. Y. Xu J. F. Lu W. X. Zhai L. H. Zhu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(4):569-573
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the three major diseases of rice. The present study was conducted with an F2 clonal population of Jasmine 85/Lemont. The F2 population, including 128 clonal families, was inoculated by short toothpicks incubated with a strain, RH-9 of the fungus.
Based on field disease evaluations in 2 years and a genetic map with 118 evenly distributed molecular markers, we identified
six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to sheath blight resistance. These QTLs, qSB-2, qSB-3, qSB-7, qSB-9-1, qSB-9-2
and qSB-11, were located on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 9 and 11, respectively. The respective alleles of qSB-2, qSB-3, qSB-7, and
qSB-9-2 from Jasmine 85 could explain 21.2%, 26.5%, 22.2% and 10.1% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively; while
the alleles of qSB-9-1 and qSB-11 from Lemont could explain 9.8% and 31.2% of the total phenotypic variation. Of these qSB-2
and qSB-11 could be detected in both years, while remaining loci were detected only in a single year. Furthermore, four QTLs
(qHD-2, qHD-3, qHD-5 and qHD-7) controlling heading date and three QTLs (qPH-3, qPH-4 and qPH-11) controlling plant height
were also identified. Though rice sheath blight resistance may be influenced by morphological traits, such as heading date
and plant height, in the present study most detected resistance loci were not linked to the loci for heading date or plant
height.
Received: 1 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 January 2000 相似文献
15.
The effect of low irradiance on three rice cultivars (shade tolerant cvs. Swarnaprabha and CO 43 and shade susceptible cv.
IR 20) was studied. The large subunit (LSU) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase with molecular mass of 55 kDa
was reduced in cv. IR 20 grown under low irradiance (LI). Native protein profile studied showed, under LI, reduction in the
contents of proteins with RF values 0.03, 0.11 and 0.37. Analysis of chloroplast polypeptides revealed an induction of light-harvesting
chlorphyll-protein 2 (LHCP2) under shade. The induction was more expressed in cv. CO 43 than in cv. IR 20. Under LI, in vivo
labelled protein bands in the molecular range of 26 - 27 kDa were induced. These proteins were highly turned over in the LI-grown
plants of cv. CO 43 than in cv. IR 20. A signal for rbcL gene sequences in EcoRI digested lanes was also found. Isozyme analysis
of peroxidase showed an induction of a new band with RF 0.43 in cv. IR 20 subjected to LI.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Arsenic toxicity to rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Golam M. Panaullah Tariqul Alam M. Baktear Hossain Richard H. Loeppert Julie G. Lauren Craig A. Meisner Zia U. Ahmed John M. Duxbury 《Plant and Soil》2009,317(1-2):31-39
Natural contamination of groundwater with arsenic (As) occurs around the world but is most widespread in the river basin deltas of South and Southeast Asia. Shallow groundwater is extensively used in the Bengal basin for irrigation of rice in the dry winter season, leading to the possibility of As accumulation in soils, toxicity to rice and increased levels of As in rice grain and straw. The impact of As contaminated irrigation water on soil-As content and rice productivity was studied over two winter-season rice crops in the command area of a single tubewell in Faridpur district, Bangladesh. After 16–17 years of use of the tubewell, a spatially variable build up of As and other chemical constituents of the water (Fe, Mn and P) was observed over the command area, with soil-As levels ranging from about 10 to 70 mg kg?1. A simple mass balance calculation using the current water As level of 0.13 mg As L?1 suggested that 96% of the added arsenic was retained in the soil. When BRRI dhan 29 rice was grown in two successive years across this soil-As gradient, yield declined progressively from 7–9 to 2–3 t ha?1 with increasing soil-As concentration. The average yield loss over the 8 ha command area was estimated to be 16%. Rice-straw As content increased with increasing soil-As concentration; however, the toxicity of As to rice resulted in reduced grain-As concentrations in one of the 2 years. The likelihood of As-induced yield reductions and As accumulation in straw and grain has implications to agricultural sustainability, food quality and food security in As-affected regions throughout South and Southeast Asia. 相似文献
19.
20.
Teruko Oosumi Atsushi Miyazaki Hirofumi Uchimiya Fumio Kikuchi Masao Yokoo 《Journal of plant research》1989,102(2):283-289
Using the near-isogenic lines, the possible location of glucose phosphate isomeras-2 (phosphoglucose isomerase-2) locus (Pgi-2) in relation to photoperiod sensitivity locus (Se-1) and blast resistance locus (Pi-z) was investigated. The recombination frequency data indicate thatPgi-2 locus locates betweenSe-1 andPi-z loci. Furthermore, 15 Indica cultivars possessed two types of glucose phosphate isomerase-2 (GPI-2) isozyme, whereas only
one type of GPI-2 isozyme was found in 30 Japonica cultivars. 相似文献