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1.
I. N. Kuzovkina Sz. Szarka É. Héthelyi E. Lemberkovics É. Szöke 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2009,56(6):846-851
The composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from genetically transformed roots of common rue (Ruta graveolens L.) was analyzed. Using gas chromatography and complex gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was established that the
major component of rue essential oil was a root-specific sesquiterpene geijerene comprising 67% of total amount of volatile
compounds. In essential oil of cultured rue roots, furocoumarins characteristic of intact plant roots were found, viz. osthole,
halepensin, and rutacultin. The content of essential oil in genetically transformed rue roots was 0.23% of root dry weight,
which is comparable with that in the roots of intact plants. The long-term maintenance in the in vitro cultured rue roots
of a capability for the synthesis of essential oil major components characteristic of intact plants allows their usage for
studying the physiological activity of these volatile compounds and their putative role in the plant root interaction in biocenoses. 相似文献
2.
Alexey V. Babakov Lidiya M. Bartova Irina L. Dridze Alexandr N. Maisuryan Gallina U. Margulis Robert R. Oganian Vera D. Voblikova Georgy S. Muromtsev 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1995,14(3):163-167
Endogenous fusicoccin (FC) or related substances were sought in horseradish (Armoracia rusticana P.) roots. An actively growing root culture was derived from plants transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The presence of FC-like substances in ethanolic extracts from roots was established in a radioreceptor binding assay with plasmalemmal FC receptors and in radioimmune analysis with an antiserum specific for FC A. FC-like ligands were found in the tissue and medium of aseptically grown culture.Abbreviations FC
fusicoccin
- GC/MS
gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
- RIA
radioimmunoassay
- RRA
radioreceptor analysis
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- Mes
4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography 相似文献
3.
Summary Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) hairy root clones were established from hairy roots which were transformed with the Ri plasmid in Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834. The transformed plants, which were regenerated from hairy root clones, had thicker roots with extensive lateral branches and thicker stems, and grew faster compared with non-transformed horseradish plants. Small sections of leaves of the transformed plants generated adventitious roots in phytohormone-free G (modified Gamborg's) medium. Root proliferation was followed by adventitious shoot formation and plant regeneration. Approximately twenty plants were regenerated per square centimeter of leaf. The transformed plants were easily transferable from sterile conditions to soil. When leaf segments of the transformed plants were cultured in a liquid fertilizer under non-sterile conditions, adventitious roots were generated at the cut ends of the leaves. Adventitious shoots were generated at the boundary between the leaf and the adventitious roots and developed into complete plants. This novel life cycle arising from leaf segments is a unique property of the transformed plants derived from hairy root clones. 相似文献
4.
Transformed Roots of Lupinus mutabilis: Induction, Culture and Isoflavone Biosynthesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mehmet Babaoglu Michael R. Davey J. Brian Power Frank Sporer Michael Wink 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2004,78(1):29-36
Transformed roots of Lupinus mutabilis cv. Potosi induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain R1601 were cultured on Murashige and Skoog-based medium lacking kanamycin sulphate, or with this antibiotic at 40
mg l−1. The neomycin phosphotransferase gene in the genome of transformed roots was confirmed by non-radioactive Southern hybridisation.
Neomycin phosphotransferase protein was detected by ELISA. Transformed roots synthesised isoflavones, but not quinolizidine
alkaloids; the latter are typical secondary metabolites of lupin normally produced in aerial parts of the plant. Genistein
and 2′-hydroxygenistein, were the main secondary metabolites in cultured, transformed roots, whereas the glycoside genistin
was more abundant in roots of non-transformed plants. Wighteone concentrations in transgenic roots were higher than those
of non-transformed roots. Transformed roots produced twice the concentration of isoflavones compared with roots from non-transformed
plants, indicating that Ri plasmid T-DNA genes modified isoflavone concentration and pattern of biosynthesis. 相似文献
5.
Genetic manipulation in cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using Agrobacterium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. Ooms A. Bains M. Burrell A. Karp D. Twell E. Wilcox 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1985,71(2):325-329
Summary The response of oilseed rape cultivars to infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes and the possibility of regenerating genetically transformed oilseed rape plants were examined. The frequency at which Agrobacterium induced galls or hairy-roots on in vitro cultured plants ranged from 10% to 70%, depending on the cultivar. From galls induced by the tumorigenic strain T37, known to be strongly shoot inducing on tobacco, roots developed frequently. Occasionally, shoots formed and some of these produced tumour cell specific nopaline. Attempts to grow the transformed shoots into plants have so far been unsuccessful. Whole plants transformed with Ri-T-DNA, however, were regenerated. These had crinkled leaves and abundant, frequently branching roots that showed reduced geotropism, similar to previously isolated Ri T-DNA transformed tobacco and potato plants. The transformed oilseed rape plants flowered, but failed to form seeds. 相似文献
6.
Treatment of normal and Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed root cultures of Hyoscyamus muticus with three different auxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), revealed
that the response varied considerably among auxins, between transformed and normal roots, and depending on the parameter.
In normal roots all three auxins provoked abundant branching, with IBA and NAA being the most effective at 2.5 and 0.5 μm, respectively, whereas IAA was most effective at low concentrations (0.05 and 0.1 μm). In transformed roots exogenously supplied auxins were generally inhibitory or, at best, without effect on growth and branching.
Only 0.01 μm IAA significantly enhanced lateral root number, whereas at the higher concentrations IBA, although inhibitory, was the least
effective auxin. In both root types IBA had little effect on primary root growth, but normal roots were more sensitive to
IAA and NAA. These results suggest a different sensitivity to auxins of normal and transformed roots since there was no significant
difference in endogenous free and conjugated IAA content nor in IAA uptake capacity. Ethylene production and biosynthesis
were approximately threefold higher in hairy roots, but production could be stimulated up to tenfold that of control levels
in normal roots by supplying NAA or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Treatment with 2.5 μm NAA, but not IAA or IBA, also enhanced ethylene biosynthesis in normal roots but not in transformed ones. ACC and malonyl-1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic
acid accumulated to detectable levels only after treatment with an auxin (NAA).
Received March 3, 1997; accepted May 28, 1997 相似文献
7.
Susceptibility of Mexican cacti to Agrobacterium rhizogenes was evaluated in 65 species of 22 genera. Stem discs taken from in vitro cultured plants were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4 agropine-type strain that contains the wild RiA4 plasmid and the binary vector pESC4 with the nptII and gus genes. Hairy roots were produced directly from wounds, or starting from calli generated on the wounded surface, in 34 of
the evaluated species. The frequency of hairy roots formation, the number of roots per explant and its growth rates were variable
among the tested species. In the 31 remaining species the production of transformed roots was not observed under the conditions
used in these experiments. Histochemical detection of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity demonstrated the expression of this foreign
gene in the hairy roots. PCR analyses demonstrated the presence of the rolB and nptII genes in the DNA of the transformed roots. The patterns of alkaloid-like compounds obtained by thin layer chromatography
in some of the tested species were qualitatively similar between the transformed and non-transformed roots. 相似文献
8.
9.
Ri质粒介导的DNA转移及诱发甘草毛根再生植株 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道了通过三亲交配将PB1121双元中间载体从大肠杆菌C600转移到发根农杆菌R1000(PRiA4b)中,在含Km、Sm的MinA选择平板上获得了转移子,上述转移子菌液用注射法感染甘草胚轴、茎等外植体,在无激素含1mg/mlcb,0.1mg/mlkm的MS培养基上培养,两周后诱发出毛根,切下毛根在同上培养基上6周长出不定芽,继续培养长成再生植株,经检测转化株毛根中存在甘露碱和GUS基因产物,具有Km抗性和激素自主性生长特性,证明Ri质粒不仅可介导GUS基因转移还可诱发毛根再生植株,提供了简化、高效的植物遗传转化系统。 相似文献
10.
R. L. Jarret 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1997,16(4):227-231
Plant growth retardants were evaluated for their ability to reduce the growth rate of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) in vitro. Nodal sections of cv. Jewel were cultured for 30 days on medium containing NDA, ancymidol, phosfon,
TIBA, difenzoquat, chlormequat, ACC, mepiquat chloride, or daminozide at 0, 10−4, 10−5, 10−6, 10−7, or 10−8
m. Difenzoquat, NDA, phosfon, and TIBA, at 10−4
m, were lethal to axillary bud explants. A low concentration (10−8
m) of chlorflurenol or NDA stimulated shoot elongation. The effective concentration range for most growth retardants was 10−5 to 10−6
m. Small (2- to 4-mm diameter) storage root-like swellings were observed on roots in cultures containing TIBA or ancymidol.
The growth-inhibiting effects of ancymidol and NDA were transitory and did not persist through a 180-day culture period. Shoots
cultured on medium containing 10−5
m phosfon, TIBA, or difenzoquat were significantly shorter than control plants after a 180-day culture period. Culture on medium
containing TIBA, NDA, ancymidol, or ACC resulted in abnormal leaf and stem development. Plants derived from nodal explants
cultured on medium containing either phosfon or chlormequat were near normal in appearance but with some plants exhibiting
interveinal chlorosis and reduced root system development.
Received May 9, 1997; accepted August 14, 1997 相似文献
11.
Claude Lambert David Tepfer 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1992,85(1):105-109
Summary The apple rootstock, M26, was genetically and phenotypically transformed using the Agrobacterium wild-type strain, A4. First, chimeric plants were obtained having transformed roots and normal aerial parts. Transformed plants were then produced through regeneration from transformed roots. Transformation was demonstrated by molecular hybridization and opine analysis. The effects of hormones on organogenesis was altered in transformants: cytokinins were required to form roots, whereas auxin was toxic at the concentration used to induce rooting in the control. 相似文献
12.
Vassilakos N Bem F Tzima A Barker H Reavy B Karanastasi E Robinson DJ 《Transgenic research》2008,17(5):929-941
13.
Major changes in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinin (CK) levels occur at different phenological phases of Tillandsia recurvata shoots. This epiphytic rootless bromeliad was chosen as suitable material for hormonal analysis because CK synthesis is restricted
to the shoots, thus avoiding problems in the interpretation of results caused by translocation and interconversion of CK forms
between roots and leaves encountered in plants with both organs. Young plants of T. recurvata have weak apical dominance because side shoots appeared early in development, and branch growth was correlated with a strong
increase in the level of zeatin. The flowering phase was characterized by a significant increase in free base CKs, zeatin,
and isopentenyladenine compared with the levels found in adult vegetative shoots. In contrast, both free-base CKs declined
in the fruiting phenological phase, and the IAA level increased dramatically. It was concluded that in phases characterized
by intense organ formation, such as in the juvenile and flowering stages, there was an enhancement of CK content, mainly caused
by zeatin, leading to a lower IAA/CK ratio. Higher ratios were correlated with phases that showed no organogenesis, such as
adult and fruiting phenologies.
Received April, 15, 1999; accepted September 7, 1999 相似文献
14.
Different methods of in vitro culture of Catharanthus roseus provide new sources of plant material for the production of secondary metabolites such as indole alkaloids. Callus, cell
suspension, plantlets, and transgenic roots cultured in the bioreactor are used in those experiments. The most promising
outcomes include the production of the following indole alkaloids: ajmalicine in unorganised tissue, catharanthine in the
leaf and cell culture in the shake flask and airlift bioreactor, and vinblastine in shoots and transformed roots. What is
very important, enzymatic coupling of monomeric indole alkaloids, vindoline and catharanthine, is possible to form vinblastine
in cell cultures. The method of catharanthine and ajmalicine production in the suspension culture in bioreactors has been
successful. In this method, elicitation may be used acting on different metabolic pathways. Also of interest is the method
of obtaining arbutin from the callus culture of C. roseus conducted with hydroquinone. The transformed root culture seems to be the most promising for alkaloid production. The genetically
transformed roots, obtained by the infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes, produce higher levels of secondary metabolites than intact plants. Also, whole plants can be regenerated from hairy roots.
The content of indole alkaloids in the transformed roots was similar or even higher when compared to the amounts measured
in studies of natural roots. The predominant alkaloids in transformed roots are ajmalicine, serpentine, vindoline and catharanthine,
found in higher amounts than in untransformed roots. Transformed hairy roots have been also used for encapsulation in calcium
alginate to form artificial seeds. 相似文献
15.
M. Witchard 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1997,16(4):213-214
The tree growth regulator paclobutrazol (PAC) was detected using a simplified high pressure liquid chromatography technique.
PAC was detected in both xylem and phloem sap 6 months after trees were injected with the compound. PAC is believed to be
exclusively xylem mobile in plants, thus its detection in the phloem during this experiment was unexpected. The technique
presented is simple and effective and avoids the use of radioactive material and complicated purification processes before
analysis.
Received February 25, 1997; accepted July 18, 1997 相似文献
16.
We have been examining the importance of the root system on shoot growth and development using a developmentally disabled
hybrid of the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. Parental cultivars (P. Vulgaris cv. Redkloud of Mesoamerican origin, and P. vulgaris cv. Batt of Andean origin) grow normally, but crosses produce F1 hybrids exhibiting hybrid weakness associated with reduced
root and shoot growth. In this study, applications of benzylaminopurine (BAP) to roots of F1 hybrids increased the number
of root tips and leaves. Reciprocal grafting was used to study the effects of the root system on shoots. Grafting of roots
of the Mesoamerican cultivar onto shoots of F1 hybrids increased the cytokinin concentrations in leaves of F1 hybrids and
removed the characteristics associated with hybrid weakness. To determine whether factors in the xylem sap enhanced leaf growth,
leaf discs were incubated on sap collected from Mesoamerican and Andean cultivars. Sap from Mesoamerican plants enhanced the
growth of leaf discs excised from F1 hybrids more than sap collected from Andean cultivars. Estimates of the transport of
zeatin riboside (ZR)–type cytokinins from roots of F1 hybrids indicated that transport out of hybrid roots was reduced compared
with those transported out of Mesoamerican or Andean roots. Results suggest that ZR-type cytokinins are involved in hormonal
integration between roots and shoots of P. vulgaris and that one of the barriers to hybridization between Andean and Mesoamerican landraces is related to hormone transport.
Received October 15, 1998; accepted May 12, 1999 相似文献
17.
Endogenous Levels of Cytokinins, Indoleacetic Acid, Abscisic Acid, and Pigments in Variegated Somaclones of Micropropagated Banana Leaves 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The banana (Musa spp. AAA) micropropagation shows a high incidence of off-types, among whose variegated plants are very common. Endogenous
levels of growth regulators and pigment content were measured in normal and variegated leaves of the micropropagated banana
plants growing in a greenhouse. Growth regulators were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography and submitted to enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay for quantification. Pigment content was measured using the colorimetric method. Green leaves contained
1.9 and 10 times more cytokinins compared with green and yellow sectors of variegated leaves, respectively. The levels of
indoleacetic acid in normal leaves were significantly higher than those found in green and yellow sectors of variegated leaves;
however, the levels of abscisic acid were lower in normal leaves. The lower content of chlorophylls in variegated leaves coincided
with decreased endogenous levels of cytokinins, which indicated that variegation in banana leaves may be associated with alterations
in the metabolism of this growth regulator.
Received December 3, 1997; accepted February 2, 1998 相似文献
18.
The response of wild oat to imazamethabenz varies with the growth stage, but the role of tillers in this regard is unclear.
Removal of tillers at the three-leaf stage before spraying with imazamethabenz did not significantly affect the total shoot
fresh weight measured 3 weeks later. The leaf area and dry weight of intact plants at the three-leaf stage were 17–21% greater
than for plants with coleoptilar and first leaf main shoot tillers (T0 and T1) removed. The greater leaf area may have increased
herbicide interception per plant. Similar fresh weight reductions in main shoot, total tillers, and total shoots were found
whether imazamethabenz was applied to the plant at the two-leaf without tillers or the three-leaf with two tillers stage.
Imazamethabenz applied only to the main shoot reduced total shoot dry weight more than an equivalent amount of imazamethabenz
applied only to tiller T1 or applied over the whole shoot. Imazamethabenz had the least inhibitory effect on whole plant growth
when applied only to T1. When 14C-herbicide was applied to the first main shoot leaf of plants at the three-leaf stage with two tillers, the 14C translocated 38% to roots, 33% to the main shoot, and nearly 30% to all tillers. When 14C-herbicide was applied to the first leaf of T1 then the 14C translocated 50% to T1, 25% to the main shoot, 20% to roots, and 5% to all other tillers. The translocation pattern and
fresh weight values suggested that the presence of early tillers during herbicide application neither increased nor decreased
imazamethabenz efficacy in wild oat.
Received June 4, 1997; accepted June 5, 1997 相似文献
19.
Agrobacterium rhizogens mediated transformation of Rauvolfia serpentina: Regeneration and alkaloid synthesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shoot cultures of Rauvolfia serpentina infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 produced tumourous tissue at the site of injection, which eventually developed callus with hairy roots. Sporadic shoot formation occurred from the hairy roots. The shoots were grown to maturity in the green house. The mature transformed plants (RST) showed distinct variations in their physiological characteristics. The flowers of the transformed plants were more delicate and less pigmented when compared to the flowers of the mature normal plants. The roots of the transformed plants were hairy with a number of lateral branches, whereas the roots of the normal plant had very few lateral branches. The biomass of the transformed plant was 86.39 g/plant (fresh wt), significantly higher than the normal plant which was 77.3 g/plant (fresh wt). The total alkaloid content in the mature transformed plant (0.073 g per plant) was similar to the normal plant (0.078 g per plant), although the hairy roots contained little alkaloid.Abbreviations MS
Murashige & Skoog's basal medium
- MLS
modified Linsmaier & Skoog's basal medium
- BA
benzyladenine
- NAA
naphthalene acetic acid
- TLC
thin layer chromatography
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography 相似文献
20.
Annexin homologues in the kingdoms of Planta and Protista were characterized by molecular sequence analysis to determine
their phylogenetic and structural relationship with annexins of Animalia. Sequence fragments from 19 plant annexins were identified
in sequence databases and composite sequences were also assembled from expressed sequence tags for Arabidopsis thaliana. Length differences in protein amino-termini and evidence for unique exon splice sites indicated that plant annexins were
distinct from those of animals. A third annexin gene of Giardia lamblia (Anx21-Gla) was identified as a distant relative to other protist annexins and to those of higher eukaryotes, thus providing a suitable
outgroup for evolutionary reconstruction of the family tree. Rooted evolutionary trees portrayed protist, plant, and Dictyostelium annexins as early, monophyletic ramifications prior to the appearance of closely related animal annexin XIII. Molecular phylogenetic
analyses of DNA and protein sequence alignments revealed at least seven separate plant subfamilies, represented by Anx18 (alfalfa, previously classified), Anx22 (thale cress), Anx23 (thale cress, cotton, rape and cabbage), Anx24 (bell pepper and tomato p34), Anx25 (strawberry, horseradish, pea, soybean, and castor bean), Anx26-Zma, and Anx27-Zma (maize). Other unique subfamilies may exist for rice, tomato p35, apple, and celery annexins. Consensus sequences compiled
for each eukaryotic kingdom showed some breakdown of the ``annexin-fold' motif in repeats 2 and 3 of protist and plant annexins
and a conserved codon deletion in repeat 3 of plants. The characterization of distinct annexin genes in plants and protists
reflects their comparable diversity among animal species and offers alternative models for the comparative study of structure–function
relationships within this important gene family.
Received: 30 May 1996 / Accepted: 20 August 1996 相似文献