光质对水稻幼苗蛋白质、氨基酸含量的影响

蓝光对水稻幼苗可溶性蛋白积累的促进效应,在幼苗生长的初期比较明显;第5天,幼苗的可溶性蛋白质、蛋白氮、非蛋白氮以及Asp、Asn、Glu、Gln等游离氨基酸含量都远远高于白光或红光的处理。随着苗龄的增加,蓝光的促进作用减弱,到第17天,各项指标都低于白光处理的幼苗。红光处理的幼苗可溶性蛋白始终低于白光或蓝光的处理,其 Asn、Gln 两种酰胺含量在第10天以后明显高于同期的白光或蓝光的处理。     

光质对水稻幼苗初级氮同化的影响

用滤光膜过滤蓝色或红色荧光灯,得到纯的蓝光和红光,以白光为对照,研究不同光质对水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）幼苗初级氮同化的影响。结果表明：蓝光促进水稻黄化幼苗吸收ＮＯ＾－３含量,并促进ＮＲ（硝酸还原酶）的诱导。在蓝光下生长５￣７ｄ的幼苗的ＮＲ、ＮＩＲ（亚硝酸还原酶）、ＧＳ（谷氨酰胺合成酶）和ＧＯＧＡＴ（谷氨酸合酶）活性均高于白光下生长的,但第１０天以后,白光下生长的幼苗酶活性最高。与白光     

光质对水稻幼苗超弱发光和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的影响

生长在不同光质下的水稻幼苗叶片的超弱发光（ＵＢＥ）随着其生长进程不断增强,光质对ＵＢＥ有显著影响,生长在白光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ明显高于生长在红光或蓝光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ,而红光和蓝光处理之间无显著差异．同时谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）活性变化也是白光处理的水稻幼苗ＧＳ活性明显高于红光和蓝光处理,而后两者之间也无显著差异．表明光质对水稻幼苗ＵＢＥ和ＧＳ活性的影响是相似的,可能与叶绿体的发育和光合作用有关．讨论了超弱发光的生物学应用前景．     

不同光质对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

光质可影响植物光合特性、形态以及生理过程。本试验研究了不同光质(白光W、红光R、红蓝混合光RB、蓝光B)对桑树植株生长、形态和光合作用的影响。结果表明:与白光对照相比,红光、蓝光和红蓝混合光处理下植株的生长、干物质积累受到抑制;红光处理下植株的株高、叶面积显著高于白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理;而白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的LMA、叶绿素a/b比值、可溶性蛋白含量、蔗糖、淀粉含量和叶片总N含量显著高于红光处理;红蓝混合光处理下植株的Pn、Gs、ΦPSⅡ与白光处理相近,红光、蓝光处理下植株的Pn、ΦPSⅡ低于白光、红蓝混合光处理,同时红光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的抗氧化酶活性高于白光处理,而MDA含量低于白光处理;红光处理下植株的叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度显著小于白光处理。因此,一定比例的红蓝混合光可以使桑树植株的生长、光合特性、生理特征和叶片解剖结构与白光下生长植株相近,并减少单质红光、单质蓝光对植株生长发育的不利影响。     

蓝光对水稻幼苗碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢的调节

分别以白光和黑暗处理为对照,蓝光处理１０ｄ的水稻幼苗碳水化合物含量下降,蛋白质含量增加,亚胺环已酮可抑制蓝光引起的蛋白质含量增加。蓝光处理的水稻幼苗总氨基酸含量比白光和黑暗处理分别提高１２％和３６％,游离态Ｇｌｕ、Ａｓｐ含量也比对照增加。蓝光处理促进水稻幼苗的呼吸作用,对丙酮酸激酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合酶和转氨酶的活性表现出一致的促进效应。     

蓝光对水稻幼苗碳水化合物和蛋白质代谢的调节

分别以白光和黑暗处理为对照,蓝光处理１０ｄ的水稻幼苗碳水化合物含量下降,蛋白质含量增加,亚胺环已酮可抑制蓝光引起的蛋白质含量增加,蓝光处理的水稻幼苗总氨基酸含比白光黑暗处理分别提高１２％和３６％,游离态Ｇｌｕ,Ａｓｐ含量也比对照增加,蓝光处理促进水稻幼苗的呼吸作用,对丙酮酸激酶、硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸合酶和转氨酶的活性表现出一致的促进效应。     

LED光质对茄子果实品质及抗氧化能力的影响

采用发光二极管(LED)精量调制光质和光强,以白光为对照,研究红光、蓝光和红蓝组合光对‘布利塔’长茄果实品质、抗氧化能力及产量的影响.结果表明: 蓝光处理下,茄子果肉中可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和茄皮中花青素含量显著高于其他处理,分别比对照高15.1%、27.2%和73.6%,但果肉中类黄酮、总酚含量及产量显著低于其他处理;红光处理下,茄皮中类黄酮含量显著高于其他处理,但果肉中维生素C(Vc)和可溶性蛋白含量显著低于其他处理;红蓝组合光处理下,果肉中可溶性糖及茄皮中总酚、红色素、黄色素含量、总抗氧化能力以及产量均显著高于其他处理,其中茄皮中总抗氧化能力及产量分别比对照高43.5%和43.4%;而白光处理下,果肉中Vc、类黄酮和总酚含量及总抗氧化能力最高.茄皮中总酚及果肉中Vc含量与其总抗氧化能力呈显著正相关.设施栽培条件下,适当补充蓝光或红光均有利于改善茄子部分品质,红蓝组合光更有利于改善茄皮品质与产量形成.     

LED光质对番茄幼苗生长及内源性GA和IAA含量的影响

采用发光二极管调制光谱能量分布,以荧光灯为对照,研究不同光质(红光、蓝光、黄光、绿光)下番茄幼苗生理特性及内源性GA和IAA水平与其生长的关系。结果表明:(1)红光和蓝光有利于番茄幼苗茎的伸长和叶面积的增加。(2)除蓝光处理下可溶性糖含量和SOD活性与对照无显著性差异外,各单色光质处理下番茄幼苗根系活力、色素含量、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量、SOD活性较对照均显著降低。(3)与对照相比,各单色光质处理下番茄幼苗叶片中GA含量显著降低,IAA含量在红光下显著升高,在黄光和绿光下显著降低,且叶面积与IAA含量呈显著正相关关系。(4)番茄幼苗茎中GA和IAA含量在红光和蓝光处理下显著高于对照和黄、绿光处理,且株高与茎中GA和IAA含量呈正相关关系。     

不同光质对黍子叶绿体光系统发育及psbA基因转录物稳态含量的影响

本文以一种Ｃ４植物－黍子为材料,在白光、红光、蓝光、远红光和黑暗５种不同条件下培养黍子幼苗,叶片采收后用于叶绿素积累、叶绿体吸收光谱、叶绿体低温荧光发射光谱和高分子量ｃｐＲＮＡ积累的测定以及ｐｓｂＡ基因的Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ Ｂｌｏｔ分析。结果表明：白光、红光和蓝光下生长的黍子,它们的叶绿体都有功能完善的光合系统;而远红光下生长的黍子,已有光系统Ⅱ的发射峰,只是强度和波长都与白光、红光和蓝光下的有所不     

光质对水稻幼苗超弱发光和谷氨酸胺合成酶活性的影响

生长在不同光质下的水稻幼苗叶片的超弱发光随着其生长进程不断增强,光质对ＵＢＥ有显著影响,生长在白光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ明显高于生长在红光或蓝光下的水稻幼苗的ＵＢＥ,而红光和蓝光处理之间无显著差异。     

Effects of light flashes on the dark closure of Albizzia julibrissin pinnules

An electronic flash unit is used to deliver, at the beginning of a 10 min dark period and within a few ms, large doses of light to Albizzia julibrissin pinnules, to ascertain their effects on the rate of pinnule closing. In a series of alternating light flashes at 710 and 550 nm, the first 710 nm light flash significantly retards closing. A following light flash at 550 nm negates the far-red induced delay. The second 710 nm light flash delays closing less effectively than the first when given within 4 s after the green flash, but is just as effective when given after 30 s. The delay brought about by the second 710 nm light flash is again abolished by a light flash at 550 nm. A light flash at 660 nm has no effect on pinnule closing by itself and is also ineffective in reversing the far-red induced delay. A series of ten 710 nm light flashes becomes most effective in delaying closure when there is a dark interval of one min between flashes. The closing delay induced by a 710 nm light flash escapes reversal by a 550 nm light flash when the dark interval between the two flashes exceeds 2–3 min. A 750 nm light flash has no retarding effect on pinnule closing, but it becomes effective when preceded by a 660 nm or 550 nm light flash. The results obtained are suggested to be due to light absorbed by phytochrome and an unknown photoreceptor with green, far-red photoreversal property.     

真菌发育过程中的蓝光诱导

本文对多种真菌在发育过程中受蓝光诱导的现象进行了综述。蓝光可以诱导多种真菌的形态发生和发育,包括孢子的产生和菌丝的延伸等。此外,蓝光还可引起真菌的生理和生化改变,如细胞膜对离子的通透性的变化、类胡萝卜素的合成等。真菌也存在一个蓝光信号系统,通过蓝光受体接受蓝光信号,导致了真菌的一系列形态发生和生理生化的变化。     

光质及种子大小对普洱地区14种植物种子萌发的影响

以普洱地区14种常见植物种子为材料,在实验室条件下研究了其在白光、黑暗、红光和蓝光条件下的萌发特性,并分析了种子大小与萌发率、萌发速率、萌发开始时间的关系。结果表明:光质对四方蒿、沙针、尖子木、藿香蓟种子萌发率和萌发速率均有显著影响(P0.05)。光质对大叶斑鸠菊、云南山枇花、臭灵丹、车桑子、光萼猪屎豆、葫芦茶、云南地桃花、西南宿苞豆、岗柃、中国宿苞豆10个物种的种子萌发率和萌发速率均没有显著影响(P0.05),以上物种中除中国宿苞豆外,其他物种种子萌发率均在20%以下,处于休眠状态。四方蒿种子在白光(89.9%)和红光(84.7%)下萌发率最高,红光下种子萌发最快(4.93),蓝光下种子萌发开始时间最晚(11.3 d);沙针种子在白光下萌发率最高(80.4%)、萌发速率最快(2.71),在黑暗和蓝光下萌发率较低(43.9%和38%)、萌发速率最慢(0.73和0.85),白光、红光下萌发开始最早(11 d),黑暗条件下萌发开始最晚(21.7 d);尖子木种子萌发率在白光、黑暗、蓝光下均在86%以上,而红光下仅32%且萌发速率最慢(1.29),在蓝光下萌发开始时间最晚(13 d);藿香蓟种子萌发率和萌发速率在红光下最高(分别为71.3%和6.46),黑暗条件下最低(分别为42.5%和2.62);大叶斑鸠菊萌发开始时间在黑暗条件下最早(6 d),其次是白光下(7 d),蓝光和红光下较晚,分别为8 d和7.7 d。14个物种种子的萌发率与种子大小间均有显著负相关关系;种子萌发速率、萌发开始时间与种子大小间也有负相关关系,但不显著;种子大小与萌发率、萌发速率和萌发开始时间的关系不会随着光质的变化而发生变化。     

Effect of latitude on flavonoid biosynthesis in plants

The growth conditions in different latitudes vary markedly with season, day length, light quality and temperature. Many plant species have adapted well to the distinct environments through different strategies, one of which is the production of additional secondary metabolites. Flavonoids are a widely spread group of plant secondary metabolites that are involved in many crucial functions of plants. Our understanding of the biosynthesis, occurrence and function of flavonoids has increased rapidly in recent decades. Numerous studies have been published on the influence of environmental factors on the biosynthesis of flavonoids. However, extensive long‐term studies that examine the effect of the characteristics of northern climates on flavonoid biosynthesis are still scarce. This review focuses on the current knowledge about the effect of light intensity, photoperiod and temperature on the gene–environment interaction related to flavonoid biosynthesis in plants.     

Aspects of photoinduction of carotenogenesis in the fungus Verticillium agaricinum

An action spectrum for light induced carotenogenesis in Verticillium agaricinum (Link) Corda (ATCC 24668) was obtained by exposing mycelial pads to monochromatic radiation. Action maxima occurred at 290 (main peak) and 390 nm, and there was a minor peak at 483 nm. The results also showed interaction between the blue and UV light. Blue light partly reversed the UV light induction of carotenogenesis when given after, but not when given before UV light. This implies that there are at least two photoreceptors involved in carotenogenesis in Verticillium , but phytochrome is not likely to be one of them.     

Are two photoreceptors involved in the flowering of a long-day plant?

The effect of daylength extension with narrow spectral bands on the flowering of a long-day plant, Brassica campestris L. cv. Ceres, was investigated to obtain clues to the identity of the photoreceptor involved. Extension of a 9 h photoperiod with 5 h of light pulses at various wavelengths resulted in maximal flowering occurring after irradiation at 710 nm, less at 730 nm, and none at 550, 660 and 750 nm. Flowering at 710 and 730 nm was negated by simultaneous exposures at 550 nm, but not at 660 nm. A short preirradiation at 660 nm enabled a following irradiation at 750 nm to induce flowering. This latter induction was prevented by 550 nm irradiation.
Short flashes of light at 710 nm induced flowering that was negated by a following flash at 550 nm but not at 660 nm. The negation by 550 nm radiation was prevented by subsequent flashes at 710 nm, indicating photoreversibility. A flash at 660 nm enabled subsequent light flashes at 750 nm to initiate flowering that was reversed by a following 550 nm flash.
From the results showing the necessity of red and far-red lights, it is proposed that flowering in this long-day plant is due to two photoreceptors - one is phytochrome and the other an unknown pigment with far-red, green photoreversible properties. By using fluence response data, it is deduced that the unidentified photoreceptor has weak absorption bands in the far-red, but has a strong absorption band in the green. Flowering is induced when effects of red light absorbed by phytochrome interact with effects of far-red light absorbed by the unidentified photoreceptor.     

The effect of SAN 9789 and light on the germination of seeds from Taraxacum vulgare

Photoblastic seeds (achenes) of Taraxacum vulgare coll. were treated with a water solution of SAN 9789, 4-chloro-5 (methylamino) -2- (α,α,α-trifluoro- m -tolyl) -3(2H) pyridazinone. SAN-treatment increased the germination in darkness from 0 to 12%. An irradiation for 5 min with red light, giving a germination of 12% for seeds in water only, gave together with SAN treatment a germination of 60%. In both water and SAN, the effect of red irradiation could be reversed by a short irradiation (15 min) of far-red light. If far-red light was repeatedly given (5 min per h) it had hardly any effect on germination in water (4% germination), but for seeds in SAN solution, intermittent far-red light had a stimulating effect (63% germination). If far-red light was given continuously for 96 h, the germination in water was 1% and in SAN solution 17%. The results in the present paper indicate that SAN may broaden the concentration interval of P_fr for which germination is high.