菌丝球DCM对染料的吸附脱色性能研究

从活性污泥中筛选出1株真菌菌株DCM,研究了DCM菌丝球对染料的吸附脱色作用。通过正交实验,确定了DCM的最佳脱色条件,即温度为30℃、pH 6.5、摇速180 r/min、碳氮比20∶1。研究表明,DCM菌丝球对染料的吸附脱色存在着明显的规律。初始时,该菌丝球对染料的吸附量较小,经过一定时间,吸附量开始增加,达到较高水平时趋于稳定。CDM对染料的脱色速率及脱色率都比较高。2 h时其脱色率为30.1%,4h时达80.2%,8 h时脱色率达100%。DCM菌丝球对实际印染废水有较强的脱色作用,其脱色率达96.13%。此外,该菌丝球还有明显的净化效果,SS的祛除率达90%,CODcr的祛除率达88%,显示出了良好的应用前景。     

新月弯孢霉菌丝球对染料脱色作用的研究

研究了新月弯孢霉Curvularia lunata JQH-100液体培养时产生的菌丝球对多种染料的脱色能力。结果表明,多种染料在24h内的脱色率均达到80%以上,且菌丝球稳定性良好,可重复使用6次;以菌丝球对孔雀绿脱色效果为优化指标,正交实验优化获得制备菌丝球的最佳条件为:葡萄糖20g/L、硫酸铵5g/L、马铃薯200g/L、KH2PO43g/L、MgSO45mg/L、CuSO40.5mg/L、VB15mg/L及pH5、摇床转速120r/min。在上述优化后的基础培养基(不含MgSO4、CuSO4)中分别添加微量元素Cu2+、Mn2+、Mg2+或Ca2+制备的菌丝球,对孔雀绿脱色能力增强;添加Fe2+制备的菌丝球,对孔雀绿脱色能力下降;分别添加Zn2+、Al3+或Na+制备的菌丝球对孔雀绿脱色能力与对照相近。应用优化后培养条件制备的菌丝球处理含多种染料的混合废水,也获得了较好的脱色效果。     

一株高效广谱染料降解细菌的分离鉴定及脱色特性研究

通过梯度驯化,从印染废水长期污染土壤中分离筛选出能以4种不同结构类型的染料(刚果红、美蓝、孔雀绿和活性艳蓝KN-R)为唯一碳源的菌株XSMR,根据其形态学特征和生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为无色杆菌属(Achromobacter sp.)的菌株。菌株XSMR对4种染料均具有强的脱色降解能力,且对染料脱色的同时,自身能够生长繁殖,培养24h菌体干重超过不加染料的对照。在振荡培养条件下对该菌株的脱色反应条件进行研究,结果表明,当刚果红、美蓝、孔雀绿及活性艳蓝KN-R的初始浓度分别小于200mg/L、200mg/L、150mg/L及150mg/L时,在pH7.5、温度35℃、接种量4%(V/V)条件下,接种菌株XSMR脱色14h对4种染料的脱色率均可达到98%以上。通过对降解产物的紫外-可见光谱分析,进一步证明了菌株XSMR能彻底降解染料。菌株XSMR对染料脱色的机理包括生物降解和菌株吸附两方面。     

固定化乳白耙齿菌脱色茜素红的研究

利用海藻酸钙法对乳白耙齿菌进行固定化,检测固定化乳白耙齿菌（固定化菌）对几种染料的脱色能力。同时,考察pH值、染料浓度、金属离子、碳源种类、氮源种类、盐浓度对固定化菌脱色茜素红的影响。结果表明,固定化菌的优化条件为海藻酸钠3%、氯化钙5%、固定化时间6h、接菌量10g/100mL;固定化菌对6种染料均可脱色,其中对茜素红染料的脱色效果最为明显;固定化菌对茜素红的脱色率随染料浓度的增加而下降,当染料浓度高于250mg/L时,其脱色效果明显下降;固定化菌对茜素红脱色的适宜pH为7,适宜碳源为可溶性淀粉、适宜氮源为硝酸铵。另外,固定化菌对茜素红的脱色率随盐浓度的升高,呈下降趋势,当盐浓度高于3%时,脱色率下降明显;固定化菌于生理盐水中保存10d后,脱色率维持在较高水平,达94.20%;固定化菌重复利用5次后,脱色率仍高达88.70%。     

白腐真菌生物法处理染料亚甲基蓝的研究

实验采用白腐菌降解染料亚甲基蓝,研究了在不同振荡条件下,不同浓度的亚甲基蓝、染料废水的不同培养时间、不同转速、碳源的不同浓度等条件对染料亚甲基蓝的脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明,白腐菌在无氮条件下,染料亚甲基蓝浓度为4mg/L,振荡速度为120rpm,碳源浓度为2.0%时,其降解能力达到最大,脱色率为78.5%。     

一株脱色真菌的鉴定及脱色特性的初步探讨

从废水环境中分离筛选到一株高效染料脱色真菌, 根据形态学及显微特征初步鉴定为泡盛曲霉(Aspergillus awamori), 命名为Asaw117; 从偶氮类、蒽醌类和氧醌类中选取8种不同染料进行脱色分析表明, 该菌株对0.1 g/L蒽醌类染料还原蓝RSN的脱色率可达100%; 采用不同培养基及不同种类碳氮源进行试验比较, 菌株在查氏培养基中生长慢, 但脱色效果最好, 在马铃薯培养基中生长旺盛, 脱色效果次之。此外, 菌株Asaw117能利用还原蓝RSN作为氮源, 但不能利用其为碳源; 几种碳氮源组合实验中, 菌株在蔗糖、硝酸铵组合的査氏培养基脱色效果为好。因此对处理印染废水具有较好的应用潜力。     

红平菇产漆酶条件优化及对孔雀绿染料脱色的研究

采用LNAS(低氮天冬酰胺-琥珀酸)培养基添加方式,对红平菇Pleurotus djamor HP1进行培养,检测不同时间培养液对不同底物的氧化作用,进而得到光密度值的变化情况,作为漆酶的产生及活性测定的主要依据。结果表明:在含Cu2+的培养液中漆酶最大酶活为235.4 U/L。含Cu2+的培养液添加底物木屑后漆酶最大酶活为458.8 U/L。提取经优化筛选后的培养基培养出的漆酶粗酶液,对4种具有不同化学结构的染料进行了脱色试验。结果表明:三苯基甲烷类的孔雀绿在6 h时脱色率为87.5%,蒽醌类的SN4R在24 h时脱色率为49.4%,偶氮类的甲基橙在24 h时脱色率为45%,杂环类的中性红在24 h时脱色率为23.6%。因此,显示出红平菇漆酶对孔雀绿染料脱色具有较大的应用潜力,进而对废水处理具有更好的应用前景。     

粗毛栓菌菌丝球非灭菌条件下对12种染料的脱色研究

以新型白腐真菌——粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica为材料,研究了优化后的该菌菌丝球在非灭菌条件下对直接染料、中性染料、三苯甲烷类染料以及蒽醌类染料共12种染料的脱色能力、脱色机制,以及pH、温度、染料初始浓度等参数对该菌菌丝球脱色效果的影响。结果表明,优化条件下制备的粗毛栓菌菌丝球脱色活力良好,4℃下保存20d后仍保持有原脱色活力的95%;活菌丝球比死菌丝球对染料具有更强的耐受性和更好的脱色效果;非灭菌条件下活菌丝球对12种染料的适宜脱色条件为pH 3.0–5.0、25℃、染料浓度为50mg/L、处理36–60h,该条件下粗毛栓菌菌丝球在60h内脱色率均在55%以上,其中粗毛栓菌菌丝球对亚甲基蓝脱色率最高可达到96.40%。紫外可见光谱分析和显微观察结果表明,48h内粗毛栓菌菌丝球在非灭菌条件下对12种染料的脱色是由吸附引起,无二次污染物的产生。粗毛栓菌的这些优良特性显示了其在工业染料废水处理中的广阔应用前景。     

脱色细菌的分离和对偶氮染料的脱色研究

从印染废水中分离到8株对多种染料具有较好脱色效果的细菌,在所试验的10种染料中对其中大部分都有较好的脱色作用,尤其对三种酸性黑10B、酸性黑NG、直接湖蓝的脱色率最高;在各菌株最适条件下对这三种染料脱色率都能达到80%以上,其中有些菌株对直接湖蓝的脱色率达到100%。本实验研究了这8个菌株在不同的pH值、温度、需氧量条件下对这三种染料的脱色情况,并对有代表性的菌株脱色前后的化学需氧量(COD)值进行测定来判断染料的降解情况。     

烟管孔菌G11对活性染料的脱色

本研究从未成熟的有机蓝莓表皮分离、纯化得到一株白腐真菌G11,通过对菌株G11的形态特征、ITS序列同源性比对以及系统发育分析,鉴定菌株G11为一株烟管孔菌Bjerkandera adusta。菌株G11可以产生木质素过氧化物酶、漆酶和锰过氧化物酶等木质素降解酶。菌株G11对8种不同染料的脱色效果显示其对活性染料的脱色效果最好,脱色率达到90%所需时间最短。以菌株G11为研究对象,研究其对不同浓度的活性黑和活性红的脱色能力,结果表明：菌株G11对活性红和活性黑具有显著的脱色能力。在脱色15d时,菌株G11对浓度为10、50、100、250、500mg/L活性红的脱色率分别为99%、98%、95%、94%和92%;对浓度为10、50、100、250、500mg/L活性黑的脱色率分别为98%、97%、95%、93%和90%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.