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食用菌生产应该与种植业、养殖业并驾齐驱,称之为食用菌培植业,是农业生产领域内的三大基础产业.解决野生食用菌的产量、质量问题,是野生食用菌产业化开发的瓶颈;必须另辟蹊径,发展食用菌原生态野生化生产,实现野生食用菌的规模化、产业化发展.对双孢蘑菇野生化生产和菌菜轮作进行了探讨,为我国双孢蘑菇的生产发展另辟蹊径;建议我国的双孢蘑菇生产朝两化一作的方向发展. 相似文献
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云南食用菌资源应用开发前景与展望 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
从栽培食用菌和野生食用菌两方面综述了云南食用菌的资源状况 ,通过对云南食用菌研究、开发现状的总结 ,就其存在的问题提出了相应的建议。简述了食用菌资源在云南应用开发中的广阔前景 ,并提出可持续利用发展的战略。 相似文献
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食用菌同人们的生活密不可分,其食用价值和经济价值越来越被人们所重视。据有关资料表明,我国已是世界上食用菌生产大国和出口大国,产量已占世界总产量的51%。食用菌可改善食品结构,增强体质,而且每年还可为国家创汇4亿多美元。然而,目前我国的食用菌生产多数还停留在小农经济的落后上产方式上,菌种混杂,规模小,品种少,缺乏一定的管理水平和生产技术手段,国家又缺少规范性的菌种质量检测方法,至使一部分伪劣品种流入市场,给食用菌生产造成了大量不应有的经济损失,大大挫伤一I生产业户的积极性。因此,严略食用菌生产规范化… 相似文献
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食用菌遗传学是食用菌学科体系的重要分支之一,40年来我国食用菌遗传学研究紧密围绕为育种服务、最新分子生物学技术的应用和生产实践中的科学问题的解决等主题开展了众多科学活动.为了促进食用菌遗传学研究的系统性和全面性,本文梳理出9个方面的研究主题,主要包括食用菌种质资源调查和地方品种研究、食用菌农艺性状控制基因定位和分子辅助... 相似文献
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多糖是一切生命机体必不可少的成分,具有多方面的生物活性,是一类非特异性免疫增强剂,能提高机体免疫功能,增强抗病能力。由于食用菌在人类医疗保健领域被广泛采用,并产生显著效果,因而对食用菌多糖的研究日益受到重视。大量的研究证实,食用菌具强壮、滋补、抗癌等作用与含有多糖密切相关。一、食用菌多糖的生物活性1、香菇多糖(LNT) 通过增强机体免疫力或作为干扰素诱生剂达到抗肿 相似文献
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从野生珍稀食用菌方面综述了康县食用菌的资源状况,通过对康县野生珍稀食用菌研究、开发现状的总结,就其存在的问题提出了相应的建议。简述了野生珍稀食用菌资源在康县应用开发中的广阔前景。 相似文献
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Philippoussis A.N. Diamantopoulou P.A. Zervakis G.I. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2003,19(6):551-557
Two selected Lentinula edodes strains (S4080 and SIEF0231) were cultivated on oak-wood sawdust (OS), wheat straw (WS) and corn-cobs (CC) substrates in order to examine the influence of those residues on mycelium growth and on basidiomata production. For both strains, mycelial growth measurements conducted in race tubes demonstrated faster colonization of OS and WS media. Lag-phase and complete colonization periods were correlated to mycelium extension rates in the three substrates tested. Similar patterns of pH and electrical conductivity (Ec) changes were detected in all media and for all strains tested; the pH decreased steadily throughout the colonization process to reach values of 4.49–5.06; Ec increased by the end of mycelium colonization, and it presented the highest and lowest values in the WS and OS media respectively. In addition, a negative correlation was established between final salt content of the substrates and mycelium extension rates. Subjecting fully colonized substrates to a cold-shock treatment resulted in fruiting 58–65 days after inoculation in tubes; WS and CC promoted earlier sporophore initiation than OS. Monitoring CO2 emissions by strain SIEF0231 in pilot-scale cultivation on synthetic blocks, revealed higher respiration rates from OS and CC than from WS, which were further correlated with substrate colonization rates. Among residues colonized by the same strain, WS appeared to promote earliness and crop productivity (BE 54.17%) by presenting shorter cropping periods and equal yield distribution among flushes, while on OS and CC maximum yields were obtained within the first two flushes. Moreover, heavier basidiomata were produced by WS and OS substrates. 相似文献
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Wastewater from the pre-treatment of coffee pulp for mushroom cultivation was treated in an anaerobic filter reactor at laboratory
scale. The digester was fed semicontinuously with 300 to 500 ml of fresh medium per day. Organic loading rates (OLR) applied
ranged widely during the study, from 0.48 to 62.93 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)/1 d. Treating wastewater from the pasteurization
of pulp, the highest strength studied, a COD removal efficiency of up to 87% was attained at a high OLR of 42.868 g COD/I
d; while a high biogas production rate (BPR) of 2.89 I/I d was also achieved. However, the average organic matter removal
efficiency was 53% at an OLR of 23.921 g COD/1 d, which indicates that process efficiency should be improved to achieve a
good quality effluent. BPR averaged 1.72 1/1 d, which shows that with technical-scale reactors, high biogas production could
be obtained for further use in the pasteurizing process itself (energy recycling). 相似文献
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食用菌栽培学实践教学改革与学生创业能力的培养 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自我创业已经成为大学毕业生的重要就业方式。但是,缺少专业特长、缺乏实践经验和社会阅历,致使大学生在创业过程中遭遇了很多坎坷。食用菌栽培学是一门实用性很强的课程,从培养学生自我创业能力出发,我们大胆改革实践教学,在训练学生的实际操作能力,掌握一门技术专长的基础上,还对大学生的创新能力、创业意识进行培养,为大学生日后成功创业奠定基础。 相似文献
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Dai Sawada Masatake Ohmasa Masaki Fukuda Kazuhiko Masuno Hiroshi Koide Shigeyuki Tsunoda Kimiyoshi Nakamura 《Mycoscience》2005,46(1):54-60
Photocatalytic disinfection of six bacteria and fungi, including pathogens of four mushroom diseases, Trichoderma harzianum, Cladobotryum varium, Spicellum roseum, and Pseudomonas tolaasii, and Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, was studied. The photocatalyst reduced the number of viable microorganisms sufficiently by near-UV irradiation. Efficiency of disinfection was increased for P. tolaasii and E. coli, but not for T. harzianum, when the superhydrophilic properties of the photocatalyst were induced by 16h irradiation of the photocatalyst by near-UV light just before treatment of microorganisms. Efficiency of disinfection was also affected by the state of the microorganisms, temperature, and the thickness of suspensions of organisms. Tests of disinfecting ability of the photocatalyst in mushroom growing rooms indicate that it can be used effectively for reducing numbers of environmental bacteria and fungi under black light, and that it was also effective under white light. 相似文献
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菌核侧耳是一种珍稀药食同源真菌,具有极高的营养价值和药用价值。为了充分保护和利用该类野生真菌资源,本研究对采自海南黎母山自然保护区的一株野生侧耳属子实体进行了菌株分离纯化培养,通过内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer, ITS)序列分析,并结合形态学特征,鉴定为菌核侧耳Pleurotus tuber-regium。以此菌为试验菌株,从碳源、氮源、pH和温度4个方面进行生物学特性研究,从中选出3个较优水平进行正交试验。结果表明,在试验范围内,该菌株菌丝生长的最佳碳源为蔗糖,氮源为蛋白胨,pH 7.0,温度35 ℃。驯化出菇试验中,二级种选用玉米粒,25 ℃黑暗培养;出菇栽培的基质为杂木屑52%、玉米芯25%、麦麸20%、石灰2%、石膏1%,50 d左右出现原基,加大空气湿度至85%-90%,在28 ℃以上培养5 d后子实体成熟。本试验成功对野生菌核侧耳进行了人工出菇栽培,为该菌进一步的研究和开发提供了参考。 相似文献
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以糙皮侧耳、双孢蘑菇、金针菇、3个黑木耳品种、3个香菇品种为材料,通过测定小鼠体重、免疫器官重量、细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、血清及肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、肝脏中白介素-6、丙二醛等指标进行小鼠免疫功能的评价研究。结果表明:"四川青川"香菇、"北神奇1号"黑木耳和"黑龙江黑29"黑木耳能显著增强小鼠的细胞免疫功能;糙皮侧耳、"辽宁恒仁"香菇、金针菇、"北神奇1号"黑木耳、"黑龙江黑29"黑木耳均能显著促进小鼠单核吞噬细胞的吞噬能力,增强小鼠机体的免疫力;糙皮侧耳、"四川青川"香菇、"辽宁恒仁"香菇、金针菇和"黑龙江黑29"黑木耳具有提高小鼠肝脏中白介素-6含量的作用;双孢蘑菇、"福建古田"香菇、"辽宁恒仁"香菇、金针菇增加小鼠血清溶血素水平,具有显著的特异性体液免疫增强作用。此外,双孢蘑菇、金针菇、"北神奇1号"黑木耳、"吉林黑29"黑木耳均可显著提高血清和肝脏中的GSH-PX活性;糙皮侧耳能提高小鼠血清中和肝脏中SOD活性;从而达到清除自由基和抗氧化损伤的作用。综合上述结果,9种食用菌超细粉均具有显著增强小鼠免疫调节能力和抗氧化作用,为食用菌功能食品产品开发利用提供支撑。 相似文献
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微生物病害问题会造成覆土栽培食用菌的产量和质量严重下降。防控微生物病害一直是食用菌研究和产业发展关注的热点,但常规的防控措施均存在局限性,尚难以在生产实践中有效地防控病害。本文列举了近年来常规的生物和非生物方法在覆土栽培食用菌微生物病害防控中的应用,对其特点进行了总结,并综述了近年来覆土栽培食用菌土壤微生物群落多样性研究的进展。基于此,提出了应用合成土壤微生物组来防控食用菌微生物病害的新策略,对构建和应用合成土壤微生物组面临的挑战和前景进行展望。这将有助于有效地防控覆土栽培食用菌的微生物病害和维系土壤健康。 相似文献
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病害是影响食用菌产量和品质的重要因素之一,目前尚缺少对食用菌病害研究现状与发展方向的直观了解。从2010年以来国内外发表的食用菌病害论文入手,对论文数量、发文期刊、被引率和研究机构进行了分析,展示了国内外食用菌病害的研究概况。此外,对相关论文进行了关键词共现分析,明确了国内外食用菌病害研究的热点。分析显示,绿霉病、褐斑病、蛛网病、病毒感染、湿泡病和软腐病是目前国内外最受关注的6类食用菌病害,干泡病的关注度日趋减少,而蛛网病侵染的食用菌种类持续增加。结合历史发文动态研究了食用菌病害的发生趋势,并认为环境有害微生物检测、消毒剂筛选和食用菌土传真菌病害防控将是未来食用菌病害的重点研究领域。 相似文献
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食用菌栽培学实验课教学改革与实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从实验教学内容的编排、学生能力的培养、实验成绩的考评等方面对食用菌栽培学实验课的教学进行了探讨,并对食用菌栽培学教改论文进行了评述。 相似文献