球束梗孢属一新种

描述了采自湖北省神农架的球束梗孢属一新种,神农架球束梗孢Gibellula shennongjiaensis,该菌分生孢子梗表面粗糙,瓶梗为棒状,5.4–10.8×1.1–2.2μm。分生孢子为圆柱形或纺锤形,透明,表面光滑,3.2–6.5×1.1–1.6μm。具糙梗孢式共无性型的产孢结构,其分生孢子梗由不规则的菌丝组成,产孢细胞不规则形状,分生孢子无色,光滑,线形,12.1–15.2×1.4–2.1μm。模式标本保存在贵州大学菌种保藏中心(GZAC-SNJ2012,主模式)。     

大别山的两种刺束梗孢

采自大别山的两种刺束梗孢,其中长孢刺束梗孢（Akanthomyceslongisporus）为新种,有拉丁文描述和图版。本种孢梗束多,密集,棕褐色,棒状。产孢结构和纤细刺束梗孢（A.gracilis相似,瓶梗以密集的子实层状被覆孢梗束。分生孢子多单细胞,少数双细胞,纺锤形至柱形,8.8～14.8×2．0～3.0μm。新几内亚刺束梗孢的标本同时并存刺状和棒状的孢梗束,这支持Samson将虫束梗孢属视为刺束梗孢属异名的观点。标本保存于安徽农业大学虫生真菌室（RCEF）     

金龟拟多头束霉Tilachlidiopsis scarabaei，一种稀有的束梗孢类虫生真菌

【目的】调查发现我国稀有但重要的虫生束梗孢类真菌。【方法】采用经典形态学及生态学特征对研究标本进行鉴定。【结果】在寄生鞘翅目昆虫的标本中,发现我国一拟多头束霉新记录种,金龟拟多头束霉Tilachlidiopsis scarabaei L.S.Olive,其形态特征为:寄主昆虫长约15 mm,宽4 mm。孢梗束下部深褐色,上部白色,长约36 mm,宽约1.8 mm,头状,可简单分枝。瓶梗锥形,少数棒状,顶端变细,长约19.4-25.9μm,宽1.1-2.2μm,在孢梗束的球状头部,呈栅栏状密集排列;在近头部的柄上瓶梗顶侧生于简单分枝的分生孢子梗上。分生孢子大多椭圆形,(2.2-3.2)μm×(1.1-2.2)μm;近柱形,(4.3-5.4)μm×(1.1-2.2)μm;少数球形,1.1-2.2μm。【结论】经文献检索和鉴定,金龟拟多头束霉为我国报道的新记录种。     

寄主为蚧的层束梗孢一新记录种

在贵州茂兰国家自然保护区发现寄生蚧壳虫的层束梗孢属真菌gzuifr-hym201307jk。主要特征为孢梗束灰白色单生,14¹7 mm×0.9 mm,产孢细胞柱状向上收缩变尖,顶部具有117 mm×0.9 mm,产孢细胞柱状向上收缩变尖,顶部具有1³个叉状的产孢小颈,大小10.83个叉状的产孢小颈,大小10.8¹4.0×4.314.0×4.3⁵.4μm;分生孢子梭形,7.65.4μm;分生孢子梭形,7.6¹0.8×4.310.8×4.3⁵.4μm。经鉴定该真菌为中国新记录种——Hymenostilbe furcata。     

层束梗孢属一新种

本文报道采自贵州的中国新记录属层束梗孢属Hymenostilbe一新种刺孢层束梗孢（Hymenostilbespiculatasp．nov．Huan,FanetLi）。该种寄生于蜘蛛,产孢细胞子实层状复被于孢梗束上,无瘤,多点芽菌产孢。分生孢子单生,光滑或具细刺,56～6．6×1．3～2．7μm。     

应用DELTA系统对几种球束梗孢Gibellula spp.的分类研究

【目的】通过DELTA数据库及其功能扩展,对所采集的球束梗孢标本进行分类鉴定。【方法】利用基于30个表型特征建立的DELTA数据库,通过生成的检索表,自然语言描述,分类单位聚类树及交互式自动鉴定系统进行鉴定。【结果】全部标本鉴定分属为3个种,它们是尾生球束梗孢(粗壮球束梗孢)Gibellula clavulifera var.clavulifera(Petch)SamsonH.C.Evans,密球束梗孢G.leiopus(Vuill.ex Maubl.)Mains和丽球束梗孢G.pulchra Cavara。【结论】基于DELTA系统所建立的的球束梗孢属表型特征数据库及其功能扩展,为该属后续的分类研究和系统发育重建提供了一个有价值的信息平台。     

层束梗孢属一新记录种

<正>在丝孢纲中,蜘蛛病原真菌在蛛尸上长孢梗束的主要有3个属,他们分别为层束梗孢属Hymenostilbe Petch,刺束梗孢属Akanthomyces Lebert和球束梗孢属Gibellula Cavara。其中球束梗孢属为蜘蛛的专性病原真菌(     

层束梗孢属一新种

本文报道采自贵州的中国新记录属层束梗孢属Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｓｔｉｌｂｅ一新种刺孢层束梗孢（Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｓｔｉｌｂｅｓｐｉｃｕｌａｔａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．Ｈｕａｎ,ＦａｎｅｔＬｉ）该种寄生于蜘蛛,产孢细胞子实层状复被于孢梗束上,无瘤,多点芽茁产孢,分生孢子单生,光滑或具细刺,５．６～６．６×１．３～２．７μｍ。     

齿梗孢属二新种

报道分离自土壤中的齿梗孢属 Scolecobasidium 二新种:椭圆齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium ellipticum 和小孢齿梗孢 Scolecobasidium microsporum。椭圆齿梗孢与亚马逊齿梗孢 S. amazonense、粗腐植齿梗孢 S. crassihumicola 和倒卵齿梗孢 S. obovatum 形态近似,区别在于 S. amazonense 的分生孢子倒卵形,常在分生孢子基部形成一横隔膜,同样 S. crassihumicola 的分生孢子也仅具一横隔膜;S. obovatum 的分生孢子(10-25×4-6μm)明显地较新种的大,且表面光滑,因此容易区分。小孢齿梗孢与嗜粪齿梗孢 S. coprophilum、腐植齿梗孢 S. humicola 和小疣齿梗孢 S. verruculosum 分生孢子形态有些相似,但新种的分生孢子明显小于 S. coprophilum(6-12.5×2.8-4.2μm)和 S. humicola(7-13×2.8-4μm, Matsushima,1971)的,分生孢子梗也明显较后两者的短;此外,新种的分生孢子密生刺突,而 S. verruculosum 分生孢子表面遍生小疣,使它们陪此易于区分。二新种的模式标本(干制培养物)保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室(HSAUP)。     

一蚁巢中束梗孢类昆虫病原真菌的多型现象II.隐存的一个多头束霉新种，蚁生多头束霉

【目的】探明在一个猛蚁Ponera sp.蚁巢罹病兵蚁上的一株束梗孢类昆虫病原真菌的分类地位。【方法】主要基于表型特征(特别是营养来源)结合分子系统学及拆分网络的组合分析。【结果】通过表型特征比较,菌株GZAC XCH-ant-710以寄主为蚂蚁、较小的瓶梗(11.9-16.2)μm×1.1μm和分生孢子(2.2-4.3)μm×1.1μm与其他几种寄生昆虫的多头束霉已知种相区别。【结论】基于表型特征(特别是营养来源)与种的界定及进化关系的理论支持,及多途径的组合分析揭示,菌株GZAC XCH-ant-710是多头束霉属一新成员,蚁生多头束霉Tilachlidium poneraticum。     

Antimicrobial activity of invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in the genera Akanthomyces and Gibellula

Infectious disease caused by antibiotic resistant microorganisms is a global public health problem. There is a need to search for new bioactive compounds from new sources. In this study, we focused on invertebrate-pathogenic fungi infecting spiders. One hundred and sixty-five crude extracts from Akanthomyces (n = 45) and Gibellula (n = 10) were screened for their antimicrobial activity against nine human pathogens. Twenty-one extracts out of 165 (12.73%) from 16 (29.09%) isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one test strain. The most activity was against Staphylococcus aureus American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 25923) (8.48%) followed by Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90112 (3.03%), C. neoformans ATCC 90113 (2.42%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SK-1 (2.42%), Penicillium marneffei (2.42%), Microsporum gypseum (1.21%), Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (1.21%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (0.61%) and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (0.61%), respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of mycelia from Gibellula pulchra EPF083 had the strongest broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 16 μg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA SK-1, C. neoformans (ATCC 90112 and ATCC 90113) and P. marneffei and exhibited fungicidal activity against C. neoformans ATCC 90112 and P. marneffei with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of 16 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. These preliminary data show that invertebrate-pathogenic fungi could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents.     

Antibacterial and anti-phytopathogenic substances from the insect pathogenic fungus Gibellula sp. BCC36964

Four new compounds (1–4), which were (−)-(7R)-7-O-methylsydonic acid, gibellulic acid, gibellulins A and B, together with 14 known compounds (5–17 and orcinol) were isolated from the insect pathogenic fungus, Gibellula sp. BCC36964. The chemical structures were elucidated by employing NMR spectroscopic techniques, physico-chemical data, and chemical method. These compounds were evaluated for the biological activities including anti-bacterial, anti-phytopathogenic, anti-Herpes simplex virus-type 1 activities, and cytotoxicity against both cancerous (MCF-7, KB, NCI-H187) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.