共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Shoot tips and single node explants of two rootstocks (R.99 and 3309) and two varieties (‘Helwani’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’) of
grapevine cultured on DSD1 media for a period of 60 days, were irradiated with 0, 2, 5 and 7 Gy doses of gamma irradiation.
Shoot length of ‘Helwani’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ was increased by 7 Gy irradiation. The 5 Gy dose increased the number of roots
in plants of the two rootstocks and ‘Helwani’. Root length of ‘Helwani’ and ‘Cabernet Franc’ at the 2 and 7 Gy doses were
significantly higher than those of the non-irradiated control. A similar effect was noticed on R.99 rootstock subjected to
5 Gy. Five Gy also increased the dry weight of the R.99 rootstock, whereas 2 and 7 Gy had a similar effect on ‘Helwani’ and
‘Cabernet Franc’. Number of leaves of plants exposed to 5 and 7 Gy was increased when compared with the non-irradiated control.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
S. Jayasankar Marilyn Van Aman Zhijian Li Dennis J. Gray 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(4):476-479
Summary Somatic embryos of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) ‘Chardonnay’ were produced from liquid suspension cultures. Mature somatic embryos were blot dried briefly in the laminar
flow hood and germinated directly in Magenta GA-7 Vessels™ containing one of the following potting media: (1) sand, (2) commercial potting mixture (CPM), or (3) CPM overlaid with sand.
Each vessel containing 20 ml of distilled water and the potting medium was sterilized by autoclaving for 30 min and cooled
overnight before inoculating the somatic embryos. Five somatic embryos were placed in each vessel under aseptic conditions.
The vessels were closed and incubated at 26±2°C, 16 h photoperiod at 75 μmol s−1 m−2 light intensity. Results revealed that CPM overlaid with sand was best for plant development. There was more contamination
of somatic embryos on pure CPM. Since direct seeding bypasses at least two subcultures in agar medium, it has implications
for use of somatic embryos as ‘synthetic seeds’ for clonal plant production. This study shows that somatic embryos of grapevine
can be handled with some of the convenience of seeds, emphasizing the feasibility for further automating in vitro plant production, which might be especially useful for new varieties where propagation material is limited. 相似文献
3.
Mustapha Ennajeh Ahmadou Mohamed Vadel Habib Khemira 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(4):711-721
In this study, we compared the efficacy of defense mechanisms against severe water deficit in the leaves of two olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars, ‘Chemlali’ and ‘Meski’, reputed drought resistant and drought sensitive, respectively. Two-year old plants
growing in sand filled 10-dm3 pots were not watered for 2 months. Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and malondialdehyde content as leaf relative
water content (RWC) decreased showed that ‘Chemlali’ was able to maintain functional and structural cell integrity longer
than ‘Meski’. Mannitol started to accumulate later in the leaves of ‘Chemlali’ but reached higher levels than in the leaves
of ‘Meski’. The latter accumulated several soluble sugars at lower dehydration. ‘Chemlali’ leaves also accumulated larger
quantities of phenolic compounds which can improve its antioxidant response. Furthermore, the activity of three antioxidant
enzymes catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased as leaf RWC decreased. However, differences
were observed between the two cultivars for CAT and POD but not for APX. The activity of the first two enzymes increased earlier
in ‘Meski’, but reached higher levels in ‘Chemlali’. At low leaf hydration levels, ‘Chemlali’ leaves accumulated mannitol
and phenolic compounds and had increased CAT and POD activities. These observations suggest that ‘Chemlali’ was more capable
of maintaining its leaf cell integrity under severe water stress because of more efficient osmoprotection and antioxidation
mechanisms. 相似文献
4.
5.
Summary An in vitro protocol has been developed for callus indiction, somatic embryogenesis, and plant regeneration from stigma-style culture
of grapevine. Four different grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.: cvs. ‘Bombino Nero’, ‘Greco di Tufo’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Sangiovese’) were tested. Exlants were cultured on Nitsch and Nitsch
medium (NN) supplemented with various combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BA: 4.5 and 9.0 μM) and β-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA; 5.0 and 9.9 μM). Sucrose (88 mM) was used as the carbon source. Somatic embryogenesis was induced within 3–7 mo. after culture initiation. Even though explants
of different origin (unfertilized ovules and anthers) regenerated somatic embryos, the higher embryogenic potential was observed
in stigma and style explants, with the exception of ‘Merlot’, which regenerated somatic embryos only from unfertilized ovules.
The percentages of stigma-style explants producing somatic embryos was 7% in ‘Bombino Nero’ (cultured on NN medium supplemented
9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). 14% in ‘Greco di Tufo’ (4.5 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA), and 8% in ‘Sangiovese’ (9.0 μM BA and 9.9 μM NOA). The presence of growth regulators (BA and NOA) in the medium was essential for induction of somatic embryogenesis.
Plants were regenerated on hormone-free NN medium containing 88 mM sucrose. 相似文献
6.
Effects of exogenous B supply on growth, B accumulation and distribution of two navel orange cultivars 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ou Sheng Shang W. Song Yun J. Chen Shu A. Peng Xiu X. Deng 《Trees - Structure and Function》2009,23(1):59-68
To investigate the effects of boron (B) on growth, B concentration and distribution of two navel orange cultivars, ‘Newhall’
(Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and ‘Skagg’s Bonanza’ (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) grafted on the rootstock trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], B at five levels was exogenously supplied to 1-year-old grafted plants of both cultivars under greenhouse conditions.
Plants were grown in sand:perlite (1:1, v/v) medium and were irrigated every 2 days with half-strength Hoagland’s No. 2 nutrient
solutions containing different B, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.25 and 2.50 mg l−1 (0.25 and 2.50 mg l−1 were considered as control and excess B treatment, respectively, and the other three B levels were considered as low B treatments).
After treatments for 183 days, leaves (from basal, middle, upper parts of the shoots), stem of scion, stem of rootstock and
root were separately sampled. Our results showed that plant growth (plant height, root volume and dry weights of various parts)
was inhibited in response to low or excess B supplies in both cultivars. It was found that B concentrations in the upper leaves
of both cultivars were substantially higher than those in the basal leaves when low concentrations (≤0.05 mg l−1) of exogenous B were applied, suggesting that B was preferentially translocated to the upper-younger leaves to support their
growth. Analysis of B distribution in different parts indicated that translocation of B from the root to the scion’s shoots
(stems and leaves of scion) may be restricted upon exposure to low B conditions. When B was inadequately supplied, growth
of ‘Skagg’s Bonanza’ was better than ‘Newhall’, implying that the former cultivar was more tolerant to low B status, which
may be due to the higher efficiency of B translocation from the root to the scion’s shoots. However, when the plants were
treated with excess B (2.50 mg l−1), both cultivars showed a similar degree of B toxicity. The probability of scion–rootstock interactions in relation to the
differential responses of growth and different efficiency of B translocation involved in the two orange cultivars following
the long-term low B stress were discussed. 相似文献
7.
The structural changes in leaves of grapevine plants (Vitis vinifera L.) exposed to different ozone concentrations were investigated. Ozone fumigations were performed in open-top chambers at
four different ozone levels (charcoal-filtered air (F), ambient air (N), ambient air + 25 mm3m−3 ozone (O-25) and ambient air + 50 mm3m−3 ozone (O-50)).
The leaves of plants from chambers with increased ozone concentrations (O-25 and O-50) were significantly thicker than the
controls (F), owing to increased thickness of the mesophyll layer. Observing O-50 leaves, it was found that the mesophyll
cell wall displayed structural changes. In some places cell wall thickness increased up to 1 μm. We found callose deposits
on the inner side of the cell walls of mesophyll cells. These data are in accord with the concept that the mesophyll cell
wall acts as a barrier against the penetration of tropospheric ozone into the cells. 相似文献
8.
Effects of NaCl stress on germination, antioxidant responses, and proline content in two rice cultivars 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Young Geol Sohn Byung Hyun Lee Kyu Young Kang Jeung Joo Lee 《Journal of Plant Biology》2005,48(2):201-208
We investigated the physiological and biochemical bases for salt tolerance in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars — relatively salt-tolerant ‘Dongjin’ and salt-sensitive ‘Kumnam’. Salinized hydroponic cultures were studied
at the germination and seedling stages. NaCI inhibited germination more severely in ‘Kumnam’ than in ‘Dongjin’. Increasing
the salt concentration also deterred growth to a larger extent in the former. Moreover, the leaves of ‘Kumnam’ exhibited greater
increases in lipid peroxidation and Na+ accumulation than those of ‘Dongjin’ under stress. The activities of constitutive and salt-induced superoxide dismutase (SOD,
EC 1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (AP, EC 1.11.1.11) were also higher in ‘Kumnam’, while only catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6)
activity was slightly higher in stressed plants of ‘Dongjin’. The positive correlation between leaf proline levels and NaCI
concentration was more evident in ‘Kumnam’. However, ‘Dongjin’ seeds, which had higher germinability in the presence of NaCI,
also contained more proline. These results suggest that the higher salt tolerance in ‘Dongjin’ seedlings could be ascribed
to their lower NaCI accumulations in the leaves. This presumably is due to reductions in the uptake or transport rates of
saline ions to the shoots from the roots. Finally, we believe that the higher germination rate by ‘Dongjin’ is caused by its
higher seed proline content. 相似文献
9.
Beata Kułek Jolanta Floryszak-Wieczorek Hanna Jackowiak 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2004,26(1):95-102
The involvement of β-D-glucosidase activity in grey mould was studied in two ornamental plant species attacked by Botrytis cinerea.
β-D-glucosidase activity in the susceptible pelargonium cultivar ‘Shiva’ gradually increased with the disease development
in the leaf spots and their surroundings. The endogenic level of the studied hydrolase in the resistant pelargonium ‘Cascade’
was several times higher than in the susceptible cultivar ‘Shiva’ and in principle underwent no changes after inoculation.
The postinfection increase in the activity of β-D-glucosidase noted in the leaves of the susceptible poinsettia cultivar ‘Malibu
Red’ was evidently weaker in the intensity, but its tendencies were similar to those of the susceptible pelargonium cultivar.
In the leaves of the medium-resistant poinsettia ‘Coco White’ the constitutional level of β-D-glucosidase was 2-3-fold higher
in that cultivar than in the susceptible cv. ‘Malibu Red’. In attacked leaves of ‘Coco White’, the enzyme activity continued
to increase temporarily until the 3rd h after inoculation.
The process of healthy leaf senescence in both species had no significant influence on the change of the studied enzyme activity
which was generally low. A high activity of β-D-glucosidase was also observed in the homogenate prepared from mycelium and
in the fungal spores. 相似文献
10.
Barbara Duquenne Tom Eeckhaut Stefaan Werbrouck Johan Van Huylenbroeck 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,91(2):165-173
Vital protoplasts from Spathiphyllum wallisii ‘Alain’ and Anthurium scherzerianum ‘238’ were isolated from both somatic embryos and leaves. The highest yields were obtained when 1.5% cellulase, 0.5% macerase
and 0.5% driselase were used for Spathiphyllum wallisii leaves and 0.5% cellulase, 0.3% macerase and 0.5% driselase for Anthurium scherzerianum embryos. About 1 × 106 protoplasts g−1 and 1 × 105 protoplasts g−1 could be isolated from leaves and embryos, respectively. For protoplast fusion Spathiphyllum wallisii ‘Alain’ and Anthurium scherzerianum ‘238’ were mixed in a 1:1 ratio in a fusion solution containing 1 mM CaCl2·2H2O, 1 mM MES and 0.5 M mannitol. Fusion was performed by protoplast alignment under 500 V cm−1 alternating current for 60 s and subsequent generation of two pulses of 4500 V cm−1 direct current during 50 μs. Development until colony stage was achieved using agarose beads for protoplast culture. 相似文献
11.
Stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to photosynthesis in field-grown grapevine cultivars 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Diurnal changes of photosynthesis in the leaves of grapevine (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca) cultivars Campbell Early and Kyoho grown in the field were compared with respect to gas exchanges and actual quantum yield
of photosystem 2 (ΦPS2) in late May. Net photosynthetic rate (PN) of the two cultivars rapidly increased in the morning, saturated at photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from 1200
to 1500 μmol m−2 s−1 between 10:00 and 12:00 and slowly decreased after midday. Maximum PN was 13.7 and 12.5 μmol m−2 s−1 in Campbell Early and Kyoho, respectively. The stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate changed in parallel with PN, indicating that PN was greatly affected by gs. However, the decrease in PN after midday under saturating PPFD was also associated with the observed depression of ΦPS2 at high PPFD. The substantial increase in the leaf to air vapour pressure deficit after midday might also contribute to decline
of gs and PN. 相似文献
12.
Summary Carbohydrate type and concentration and their interactive effects on in vitro shoot proliferation of three lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. vitis-idaea L.) cultivars (‘Regal’, ‘Splendor’, and ‘Erntedank’) and two V. vitis-idaea ssp. minus (Lodd) clones (‘NL1’ and ‘NL2’) were studied. Nodal explants were grown in vitro on medium with 2 μM zeatin and either glucose, sorbitol, or sucrose at a concentration of 0, 10, 20, or 30 gl−1. The interactive effects of carbohydrate type and concentration and genotype were important for shoot proliferation. The
best response was afforded by sucrose at 20 gl−1 both in terms of explant response and shoot developing potential, although glucose supported shoot growth equally well, and
in ‘NL1’ at 10 gl−1 it resulted in better in vitro growth than sucrose. Carbohydrate concentration had little effect on shoot vigor. The genotypes differed in terms of shoots
per explant, length, and vigor, leaves per shoot, and callus formation at the base of explants; this was manifested with various
types and concentrations of carbohydrate. Changing the positioning of explants on the medium from vertically upright to horizontal
increased the shoot and callus size, but decreased shoot height and leaves per shoot. Proliferated shoots were rooted on a
peat:perlite (1∶1, v/v) medium and the plantlets were acclimatized and eventually established in the greenhouse. 相似文献
13.
On the mechanism of dormancy release in grapevine buds: a comparative study between hydrogen cyanamide and sodium azide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effect of low doses (LD)—0.1 kJ m−2 d−1 and high doses (HD)—0.3 kJ m−2 d−1 of UV-C irradiation on free, conjugated and bound spermine, spermidine and putrescine in leaves of young pea plants after
7 and 14 days of consecutive treatment was studied. Free polyamine (PA) fractions increased mainly in LD treated plants, while
conjugated fractions decreased. Bound fractions accumulated mainly at the end of the experiment (after 14 days of UV-C irradiation).
The results are interpreted in relation to the possible role of endogenous bound PAs in the prevention of membrane damage
induced by UV-C irradiation. Stress markers (malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage) increased after 7 days of UV-C treatment,
and reached control values by the end of the experiment (mainly after HD treatment). Malondialdehyde concentration correlated
negatively with UV-C—induced bound fraction and total PAs. The results support the conclusion that endogenous PAs lessen membrane
damage in young pea plants provoked by UV-C irradiation. 相似文献
14.
Down-regulation of photosystem 2 efficiency and spectral reflectance in mango leaves under very low irradiance and varied chilling treatments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In order to elucidate the effects of chilling-stress at night on photosystem 2 (PS2) efficiency under dim irradiance (DI),
mango leaves were chilled to varied extent (8–3 °C) and for varied duration (0–12 h) in growth cabinets in the dark, and then
exposed to DI (20 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) at each chilling-temperature for 1 h. Chilling in the dark had little effect on Fv/Fm of mango leaves. But both the extent and duration of chilling pre-treatments significantly affected Fv’/Fm’ when leaves were exposed to DI. This down-regulation of PS2 efficiency was closely related to xanthophyll de-epoxidation,
assessed as photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and calculated from leaf spectral reflectance [(R531 − R570)/(R531 + R570)], and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The down-regulation of PS2 is a defence mechanism initiated at predawn in winter
to alleviate the damage of PS2 by the sudden and strong irradiation at sunrise. Mango leaves, transferred suddenly from warm
and dark room to DI and chilling showed a slight down-regulation of PS2 efficiency, in spite of an increased xanthophyll de-epoxidation.
This might have been due to the unavailability of some cofactors required for NPQ. 相似文献
15.
Unopened leaves, petioles and fully opened leaves from micropropagation cultures of five Vitis rotundifolia Michx. varieties were cultured on induction medium to study their embryogenic response. Among the various explants tested,
the maximum number of varieties produced embryogenic cultures from unopened leaves followed by fully opened leaves and petioles.
Based on morphological differences, two types of embryogenic cultures were identified. Friable cultures typically arose as
proembryonic masses (PEM) on induction medium, whereas somatic embryo production without an intervening PEM stage was observed
in compact cultures. Of the five varieties tested, the highest frequency of embryogenic response was observed from fully opened
leaves of ‘Supreme’ and unopened leaves and petioles of ‘Delicious’. Attempts to initiate suspension cultures from varieties
resulted in proliferation and maintenance of ‘Alachua’ and ‘Carlos’ cultures in liquid medium for 16 weeks. Embryogenic potential
of varieties was studied on cultures growing on embryo development medium. The maximum number of cotyledonary stage somatic
embryos from 0.2 g proembryonic masses were observed in ‘Carlos’ (379.3) followed by ‘Alachua’ (350.0) and ‘Delicious’ (305.0).
Cotyledonary stage somatic embryos germinated when cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 1 μM Benzyladenine (BA).
Although high embryo germination rates (80–100%) were observed in the varieties tested, plant recovery from germinated somatic
embryos ranged from 6–47%. Embryogenic cultures could be maintained on X6 medium and used in genetic engineering studies. 相似文献
16.
Rapid discrimination of commercial strawberry cultivars using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data combined by multivariate analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Suk Weon Kim Sung Ran Min Jonghyun Kim Sang Kyu Park Tae Il Kim Jang R. Liu 《Plant biotechnology reports》2009,3(1):87-93
To determine whether pattern recognition based on metabolite fingerprinting for whole cell extracts can be used to discriminate
cultivars metabolically, leaves and fruits of five commercial strawberry cultivars were subjected to Fourier transform infrared
(FT-IR) spectroscopy. FT-IR spectral data from leaves were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher’s linear
discriminant function analysis. The dendrogram based on hierarchical clustering analysis of these spectral data separated
the five commercial cultivars into two major groups with originality. The first group consisted of Korean cultivars including
‘Maehyang’, ‘Seolhyang’, and ‘Gumhyang’, whereas in the second group, ‘Ryukbo’ clustered with ‘Janghee’, both Japanese cultivars.
The results from analysis of fruits were the same as of leaves. We therefore conclude that the hierarchical dendrogram based
on PCA of FT-IR data from leaves represents the most probable chemotaxonomical relationship between cultivars, enabling discrimination
of cultivars in a rapid and simple manner.
The authors Suk Weon Kim and Sung Ran Min contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
17.
Zhijian T. Li S. A. Dhekney M. Dutt D. J. Gray 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,93(3):311-321
An improved protocol for efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of grapevine (Vitis sp.) was developed through modification of cocultivation and subsequent washing procedures. It was determined that Agrobacterium-infected somatic embryos (SE) cocultivated on filter paper exhibited less browning and significantly higher transient GFP
and GUS expression than those cultured on agar-solidified medium. Furthermore, such SE, when subjected to a prolonged washing
period in liquid medium containing cefotaxime and carbenicillin, followed by another wash in similar medium with kanamycin
added, exhibited significantly higher rates of stable transformation compared to previously-described procedures. Transgenic
plant recovery was increased 3.5–6 Xs by careful excision of leafy cotyledons from SE that had been induced to germinate on
MS medium containing 1 μM of BA. Southern blot analysis revealed the low copy number integration of transgenes in transgenic
plants recovered using the improved protocol. These improved cocultivation and plant recovery procedures have been demonstrated
to facilitate production of large populations of transgenic plants from V. vinifera ‘Merlot’, ‘Shiraz’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’ as well as Vitis hybrid ‘Seyval Blanc’. 相似文献
18.
Knowledge of stress-responsive proteins is critical for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance.
The objectives of this study were to establish a proteomic map for a perennial grass species, creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.), and to identify differentially expressed, salt-responsive proteins in two cultivars differing in salinity tolerance.
Plants of two cultivars (‘Penncross’ and ‘Penn-A4’) were irrigated daily with water (control) or NaCl solution to induce salinity
stress in a growth chamber. Salinity stress was obtained by adding NaCl solution of 2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m−1 in the soil daily for 2-day intervals at each concentration, and then by watering soil with 10 dS m−1 solution daily for 28 days. For proteomic map, using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), approximately 420 and 300 protein
spots were detected in leaves and roots, respectively. A total of 148 leaf protein spots and 40 root protein spots were excised
from the 2-DE gels and subjected to mass spectrometry analysis. In total, 106 leaf protein spots and 24 root protein spots
were successfully identified. Leaves had more salt-responsive proteins than roots in both cultivars. The superior salt tolerance
in ‘Penn-A4’, indicated by shoot extension rate, relative water content, and cell membrane stability during the 28-day salinity
stress could be mainly associated with its higher level of vacuolar H+-ATPase in roots and UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase, methionine synthase, and glucan exohydrolase in leaves, as well as increased
accumulation of catalase and glutathione S-transferase in leaves. Our results suggest that salinity tolerance in creeping bentgrass could be in part controlled by an
alteration of ion transport through vacuolar H+-ATPase in roots, maintenance of the functionality and integrity of thylakoid membranes, sustained polyamine biosynthesis,
and by the activation of cell wall loosening proteins and antioxidant defense mechanisms. 相似文献
19.
E107 is a pleiotropic mutant of peaPisum sativum cv. ‘Sparkle’, characterized by forming few nodules and developing bronze necrotic spots on older leaves. The mutant accumulates
Al and has symptoms typical of Al toxicity. The lateral roots of E107 are fewer (40%) and shorter (50%) than those of its
parent. High concentrations of Al accumulate in E107 shoots (1000 mg kg-1) and roots (3000 mg kg-1), and three-week old E107 plants extrude 2.5 times more protons than ‘Sparkle’ plants of similar age. Al concentrations of
the roots of the mutant and of its parent ‘Sparkle’ are similar for the first two weeks of growth. Thereafter they differ.
In 2 week old plants Al continues to accumulate in excessive amounts in E107 primary and lateral roots whereas in ‘Sparkle’
roots, it reaches a plateau. In E107, Al is erratically distributed in the walls of root hairs and epidermal cells in both
primary and lateral roots. Some of these cells have also Al in their nucleus. 相似文献
20.
Summary Anthers and ovaries of six grapevine cultivars (three Vitis vinifera L., two V × Labruscana L. H. Bailey, and one complex hybrid) were extracted from flower buds over 2 yr and cultured on three media reported to promote
somatic embryogenesis in Vitis tissues. The highest percent embryogenesis from the hybrid ‘Chancellor’ and V. vinifera ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Pinot Noir’ occurred on medium C [Nitsch and Nitsch, 1969, basal medium with 3.0% (w/v) sucrose,
0.01% (w/v) inositol. 0.3% (w/v) Phytagel, 2.5 μM 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2.5μM β-naphthoxyacetic acid, 5.0μM N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea, and 0.05% (w/v) glutamine]. Regardless of the media, the labrusca cultivars ‘Concord’ and ‘Niagara’ produced
soft non-embryogenic callus that was sometimes mixed with well-developed somatic embryos. Nine vinifera genotypes were further
tested for several different years on medium C. Embryogenic cultures suitable for transformation were obtained from all genotypes
in more than 1 yr. The average percent embryogenesis from ovaries was 7-fold higher than from anthers. There was significant
annual variation in percent embryogenesis, demonstrating the need for media comparisons to be replicated for more than one
season. Suspension cultures suitable for use in genetic transformation were initiated from ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot,’ and ‘Pinot
Noir’ pro-embryogenic masses. ‘Chardonnay’ suspension cultures plated and grown under conditions developed for recovery of
plants after biolistic transformation yielded approximately 500 non-transformed embryos per plate after 4 mo. of culture,
with 68.6% of the embryos converting to plants. This is the first reported protocol for embryogenesis from ‘Concord,’ ‘Cabernet
Franc,’ and ‘Pinot Noir’ grapevines. 相似文献