模糊综合评价模型在浔江梧州段渔业水质评价中的应用

依据2004～2008年浔江梧州段的调查监测结果,根据断面污染因子的特点,选择5个指标(溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总氮、总磷)作为评价因子,应用模糊(Fuzzy)综合评价模型对其水质状况进行综合评价,计算出各监测断面水质级别.结果表明:浔江梧州段的5项评价指标中,TN的权重较大,该水体中主要污染物为总氮;2个断面均在不同程度上出现了Ⅴ类水质,水质属中度污染;部分时段的水质不符合《地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)》中渔业水域的要求.     

积极的防护意识与健全的防护体系在传染病医院内的影响与效应

目的:通过提高防护意识和进一步完善防护体系实现对传染病医院的全面管理.方法:随机将我院2009年3月至2011年11月的两个病区患者及医护人员作为研究对象,向所有患者发放调查表对政策调整前后的满意程度进行调查,通过针对医护人员防护意识的强化教育和医院设施及防护体系的调整与完善以评估对患者住院期间的临床效应与影响.结果:全院上下的积极防护意识普遍增强并完善健全了防护体系,从而显著降低了感染率,患者满意度反馈良好.结论:通过提高医护人员防护意识和健全医院防护体系有助于进一步减少院内感染,提高医院医疗质量和服务水平.     

传染病医院检验科生物安全管理及防护措施探讨

目的:探讨传染病医院检验科生物安全管理及防护措施.方法:对传染病医院检验科实验室相关人员的职责进行明确分工,使其进一步了解实验室生物操作风险的种类及来源,并在实验室配备必要的安全防护措施,对标本施行严格的管理制度.结果:严格施行检验科实验室生物安全管理,增加防护措施,可以有效的避免生物安全事故的发生.结论:对检验科实验室生物安全管理进行规范后可以有效地减少实验室工作人员的风险,同时也有效避免了病源微生物的外泄,最大限度的保障了实验室的生物安全.     

CT扫描时患者的剂量分布

为了获得良好的CT扫描图象,扫描时必须有足够强度的X线通过检查部位,此时,身体其他部位器官和组织也会受到散射线的照射。按照放射防护的原则,任何微弱的幅射对于人体都有潜在的危险。它可损伤机体,甚至产生有害的遗传影响。本文目的是通过CT扫描时对重要器官接受放射量的测定,为病员的放射防护提供依据。一、材料和方法 1.机器 GE9800CT机 2.测量元件及仪器氟化锂——镁铜磷热释光测量计(LIF—HSA,TLD以下简称LIF—TLD);FJ—377热释光测     

基层医院检验科的医院感染管理工作

目的:预防和控制检验科医院感染的发生,提高基层医院检验科工作人员医院感染防控意识。方法:通过查找最近5年的相关资料及工作实践,总结目前工作中存在的问题,提出预防基层医院检验科医院感染的管理措施。结果:基层医院检验科存在实验室设置不合理、空气污染严重、工作人员自我保护意识差、防护措施不到位、交叉感染控制不严格、对医院感染重要性认识不足以及医疗废弃物处置不规范等问题,均是造成检验科医院感染的重要因素。结论:基层医院检验科预防医院感染管理的主要措施是加强实验室环境管理、建立健全检验科消毒管理制度、建立健全医疗废弃物管理条例以及职业暴露应急处理措施、加强人员管理、提高检验科工作人员生物防护意识、加强医院感染监督管理等。检验科各项规章制度的有效落实是保证医疗安全的关键,加强管理并做好感染防控知识的培训可有效预防和控制检验科医院感染的发生。     

医院传染病防治管理工作中存在的问题及对策

目的:探讨医院传染病防治管理工作中存在的问题及对策.方法:对本市二级综合医院的传染病防治管理工作中存在的问题进行回顾性分析,针对工作中出现及可能出现的问题探寻出相应的解决预防措施.结果:综合医院的传染病防治管理工作中存在诸多问题,医院需加强传染病防治方法及相关制度及法律、法规宣传及人员培训,加大医院在相关硬件设施上的投入,健全医院传染病防治管理体系,提高医院传染病学术及诊治水平,进一步完善医院传染病防治管理工作.结论:综合型医院需对传染病防治管理工作存在的不足需定期检查监督,有针对性的制定相关解决办法,提高综合医院对传染性疾病的应对能力.     

常山县儿童2004-2010年交通伤害监测结果分析

目的 了解常山县儿童青少年交通伤害发生状况,为制定预防干预措施提供依据.方法 根据《全国伤害监测方案》,在常山县人民医院、招贤中心卫生院、辉埠卫生院建立医院急诊伤害监测系统,以首次在监测医院就诊的各类伤害病例作为监测对象,采用哨点监测方式,以年度为单位持续进行医院伤害监测.结果 常山县2004-2010年监测医院共报告交通伤害病人14 122例,其中儿童青少年交通伤害1 937例,占13.72％;以5～14岁在校学生为多,占14.71％;交通伤害中男、女之比为1.66:1;伤害发生原因机动车车祸比非机动车车祸多.伤害发生场所以公路/街道为主,占94.11％;伤害发生时活动以驾乘交通工具和休闲活动为多,分别占52.30％和32.32％.结论 5～14岁在校学生为伤害预防干预的重点.应有针对性地开展预防干预措施,减少伤害的发生.     

生物安全实验室排风高效空气过滤器的生物检测

目的评价生物安全实验室新更换的17台排风高效空气过滤器对微生物气溶胶的防护效果。方法依据国家相关标准,采用中国建筑科学研究院空调所生物气溶胶检测评价技术平台对排风高效空气过滤器的滤菌效果进行测试。结果排风高效空气过滤器的滤菌效率有14台在99.99999%以上,3台在99.9999%以上。结论生物安全实验室新更换的排风高效空气过滤器的滤菌效率符合GB50346—2004“生物安全实验室建筑技术规范”标准要求。     

消毒供应室质量控制及医务人员的职业防护与医院感染控制的相关性分析

目的:研究通过加强消毒供应室的质量控制和供应室医务人员的安全防护及操作规范,减少医院感染的措施及其效果。方法:严格遵守《消毒技术规范》的要求和原则,联合采用化学、物理和生物的方法对供应室物品进行消毒灭菌处理及空气消毒,定时对供应室的无菌区及清洁区的无菌效果进行检测。采用调查表形式对供应室医务人员的职业防护行为进行调查和分析。结果:无菌物品能够保证优质供应,我院50名供应室医务人员中正确掌握消毒剂用途及效能的占96%,被利器刺伤后能够正确处理伤口的占98%,但仍有7%的人较少应用防护措施,4.25%的人从不应用防护措施。原因是思想上不够重视,认为遇到的传染病人少。我院自2000年起无因供应室工作失误引发的医院感染事件发生。结论:完善消毒供应室管理制度,健全岗位责任制,严格执行消毒灭菌的质量监控,确保供应室的无菌环境,加强供应室医务人员职业安全防护知识的宣教,是供应室为医院高效提供无菌物品,监测预防医院感染的有效措施。     

中美两国医院感染管理体系的比较分析

通过对中美两国的医院感染监测体系和医院感染控制管理体系的发展研究对比其不同点,借鉴国外先进的管理经验,提高我国医院感染控制管理的水平。并引入循证医学的理论,提高我国感染控制工作的科技内涵。     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.