共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
The phylogenetic relationships of Carassius genus subspecies were investigated based on the data of the variability of nucleotide sequences of the mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) and control region (CR). Dendrograms constructed based on the BA, ML, NJ, and MP methods revealed five clusters of the congruent topologies that substantially corresponded to geographical localities and taxonomic conception of the C. auratus complex. An analysis of two mtDNA fragment topologies demonstrated that the island forms of Japanese crucian carps C. cuvieri and C. auratus langsdorfii diverged later compared to the divergence of continental C. auratus forms (4.0?C4.5 mln years ago, by molecular calibration). Among the continental silver crucian carps, C. a. gibelio forms two clusters corresponding to two phylogroups with a mean uncorrected genetic distance p = 0.044. The genealogical combination of haplotypes with the first C. a. gibelio phylogroup was observed in C. auratus clade. According to the data of mtDNA analysis, these subspecies represent sister lineages with a level of intergroup divergence of p = 0.022?C0.036. No genetic differences were observed between diploid (except for the two C. a. gibelio phylogroups) and polyploid C a. auratus, as well as monophyly in polyploid forms. New approaches based on a comparative study of the nuclear markers might help to unravel the origin of gynogenetic forms and phylogenetic relationships within the C. auratus complex. 相似文献
2.
To understand the differences in the spawning sites among Cyprininae fishes in Lake Biwa, we conducted periodic sampling of
larvae and juveniles at three sites (irrigation ditch, St. 1; river, St. 2; and satellite lake, St. 3). On the basis of species/subspecies
identification by using RAPD analysis, we examined the species composition of the larvae and juveniles at these three sampling
sites. The number of specimens was 616, 68, and 117 at St. 1, St. 2, and St. 3, respectively. Based on morphological and genetic
identification, the specimens were found to include nine fish species/subspecies, namely, Carassius auratus grandoculis, Carassius cuvieri, Carassius auratus langsdorfii, Cyprinus carpio, Sarcocheilichthys sp., Silurus asotus, Oryzias latipes, Odontobutis obscura obscura, and Rhinogobius sp. The species composition at the three sites also differed. Among the Cyprininae fishes, C. auratus grandoculis, C. auratus langsdorfii, and Cyprinus carpio were found in abundance at St. 1; C. cuvieri was not collected from St. 1 but was found at the other two sites, particularly St. 3. Among the other fishes, Rhinogobius sp. was collected at St. 1 and St. 3, whereas the other four occurred only at St. 1. These results suggest that the selection
of spawning sites by C. cuvieri differs to a certain extent from that of the other Cyprininae fishes, and the irrigation ditch in the lake is an important
habitat for the larvae and juveniles of native fish species. 相似文献
3.
Electron microscope examinations of primary oocytes of gynogenetic triploid ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfii) and diploid gengoroubuna (Carassius auratus cuvieri) were carried out. Typical synaptonemal complexes were observed in both subspecies. In addition, clear differences in PGM-A
electrophoretic patterns between a female parent ginbuna and her offspring were detected. It was concluded that synapsis and
recombination occur between at least some homologous chromosomes in triploid ginbuna. 相似文献
4.
The asexual all-female Japanese crucian carp, Carassius auratus langsdorfii (Teleostei: Cypriniformes), reproduces gynogenetically, relying on the sperm of males of the sexual "host," C. auratus subspp. Theoretically, frequency-dependent mating preference of males to conspecific females can lead to the coexistence
of asexual and sexual fish, if all else is equal. Our specific questions are whether males prefer conspecific females over
asexual females and whether individuals show dominance hierarchies that potentially cause frequency-dependent mating preference.
In an individual choice experiment, a tank was partitioned into three compartments with the middle one for a single male and
the two outer ones for a sexual and an asexual female. The males of C. auratus
bürgeri demonstrated a significant preference for ovulated conspecific females over ovulated asexual females. In contrast, in a group
mating experiment, a single experimental tank included two males, a sexual female, and an asexual female together, and males
chased and mated with both asexual and sexual females equally. Male mate preference was weak in group mating, which is typical
in natural populations. Males and females of crucian carp showed no apparent agonistic behavior to each other in the group
mating experiment. This is different from other gynogenetic complexes with the dominance hierarchy of males showing strong
frequency-dependent mating preference (e.g., Poeciliopsis). We conclude that male mate preference is unlikely to be a strong frequency-dependent force maintaining the coexistence
of asexual–sexual complexes of Japanese crucian carp.
Received in revised form: 5 February 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
5.
The composition of leucocytes of the head kidney is studied in the crucian carps (Carassius auratus) either contaminated or uncontaminated with Digramma interrupta. The composition of leucocytes in the pronephros of the crucian carp from Lake Baikal basin has a lymphoid character. Compared
to the crucian carp from the European part of Russia, in the fish from Baikal the granulocytopoetic processes are more pronounced.
This is proved by the high content of young forms of granulocytes. In the fish infected with digramma, the immune suppression
of proliferation of blasts and young forms of eosinophils was revealed. On the other hand, the inflammatory and humoral specific
immune reactions are enhanced. Partial suppression of the immune response of C. auratus to invasion by D. interrupta facilitates development of the parasite. 相似文献
6.
Transferrin (Tf) is a kind of non-heme β-globulin with two iron ions (Fe3+)-binding sites. To prove Tf’s physiological functions, Fe3+-proteins, serum iron contents, and total iron-binding capabilities were tested for Tfs of crucian carps (Carassius auratus) and sliver carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). The above results demonstrated that sliver carps shared 1/3 Tf alleles with crucian carps; Tf of crucian carps had stronger
Fe3+-binding ability and transportation ability in plasma than that of sliver carps. In addition, the results of oxygen consumption
experiments indicated that crucian carps had the higher oxygen utility rate than sliver carps. For acute hypoxia exposure
assay, normoxic gas mixture, hypoxic gas mixture A, and hypoxic gas mixture B were used to induce oxygen-regulated gene expression
of crucian carps in acute hypoxia. The results of quantitative real-time PCR revealed that mRNA levels of Tf gene, Tfr gene
and ATPase gene were down-regulated in acute hypoxia but mRNA level of LDHa gene was up-regulated in acute hypoxia. The results
of crucian carp Tf-cDNA sequence analysis showed that cDNA regions of two Fe3+-binding sites were T747–T1026 and T1737–A1884 based on the principle of bioinformatics. The sequence conservation of two Fe3+-binding sites was higher than that of the other five regions, which were confirmed according to the subregion model of Tf-cDNA
sequence. 相似文献
7.
Toward a preliminary assessment of the diversity and origin of Cyprinid fish genus Carassius in Iran
Milad Khosravi Asghar Abdoli Faraham Ahmadzadeh Reihaneh Saberi-Pirooz Kateřina Rylková Bahram H. Kiabi 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2020,36(4):422-430
Introduction of non-native fish species has been criticized as one of the major threats to freshwater ecosystems. During recent years, the cyprinid fish genus Carassius has been the subject of various studies in terms of introduction biology and ecology. The taxonomy and identification of described species in the genus Carassius is still ambiguous. In order to increase the knowledge of introduced species of the genus in Iran, molecular approaches were employed to identify species based on the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome b (Cyt b). In total, 417 specimens across Eurasia and some other parts of the world have been analyzed. Afterwards, investigation of the possible origin and pathways of introduction was done using analysis of haplotype networks based on the Cyt b gene. The results revealed that there are three introduced species i.e., Carassius auratus, Carassius gibelio and Carassius langsdorfii, in inland waters of Iran. Carassius langsdorfii was recorded from Iran and western Asia for the first time. Analysis of haplotype network showed various potential sources of introduction for each species in Iran and regions beyond their native distribution ranges. 相似文献
8.
Ken Ohashi Fumio Takizawa Norihiro Tokumaru Chihaya Nakayasu Hideaki Toda Uwe Fischer Tadaaki Moritomo Keiichiro Hashimoto Teruyuki Nakanishi Johannes Martinus Dijkstra 《Immunogenetics》2010,62(8):543-559
In teleost fish, a novel gene G6F-like was identified, encoding a type I transmembrane molecule with four extracellular Ig-like domains and a cytoplasmic tail with
putative tyrosine phosphorylation motifs including YxN and an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). G6F-like maps to a teleost genomic region where stretches corresponding to human chromosomes 6p (with the MHC), 12p (with CD4 and LAG-3), and 19q are tightly linked. This genomic organization resembles the ancestral “Ur-MHC” proposed for the jawed vertebrate
ancestor. The deduced G6F-like molecule shows sequence similarity with members of the CD4/LAG-3 family and with the human
major histocompatibility complex-encoded thrombocyte marker G6F. Despite some differences in molecular organization, teleost
G6F-like and tetrapod G6F seem orthologous as they map to similar genomic location, share typical motifs in transmembrane
and cytoplasmic regions, and are both expressed by thrombocytes/platelets. In the crucian carps goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and ginbuna (Carassius auratus langsdorfii), G6F-like was found expressed not only by thrombocytes but also by erythrocytes, supporting that erythroid and thromboid
cells in teleost fish form a hematopoietic lineage like they do in mammals. The ITAM-bearing of G6F-like suggests that the
molecule plays an important role in cell activation, and G6F-like expression by erythrocytes suggests that these cells have
functional overlap potential with thrombocytes. 相似文献
9.
O. V. Apalikova A. V. Podlesnykh A. D. Kukhlevsky S. Guohua V. A. Brykov 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2011,47(3):322-331
PCR-RFLP analysis of the ND3/ND4L/ND4 and 12S/16S rRNA regions and nucleotide sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene were used to study the mtDNA divergence in species of the family Cyprinidae, to examine the phylogenetic relationships
of the species, and to identify their taxonomic status. The results indicated that an ancestral form diverged into silver
crucian carp and crucian carp after its separation from the common carp lineage. The divergence of continental Carassius auratus gibelio and Japanese C. auratus cuvieri occurred more recently. Two well distinguishable mtDNA phylogroups, suggesting divergent evolution, were observed in continental
C. auratus gibelio populations. The divergence was possibly related to the formation of two silver crucian carp groups with different types
of reproduction, triploid gynogenetic and diploid gonochoric. At the same time, the results supported the high probability
of current genetic exchange between the forms. In view of these findings and high morphological similarity of the two forms,
they were not considered to be separate species. 相似文献
10.
L. Masson D. Almeida A. S. Tarkan B. Önsoy R. Miranda M. J. Godard G. H. Copp 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2011,27(5):1286-1290
The identification of fish species from head bone remains is employed in various sciences, including archaeology, paleontology and field ecology, with the estimation of fish size from biometric relationships being useful in the assessment of predation pressure exerted by increasing numbers of piscivorous species (e.g. Eurasian otter Lutra lutra and great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo). This is particularly relevant for crucian carp, Carassius carassius, which is in decline in Europe due to changes in land use and to increasing numbers of non‐native Carassius species (i.e. goldfish C. auratus, gibel carp C. gibelio), which hybridize with C. carassius. However, diagnostic keys and biometric relationships are lacking for C. carassius and its most common hybrids, crosses with C. auratus. The present paper addresses this gap in knowledge, providing diagnostic keys and biometric relationships for the head bones of all Carassius species found in Europe as well as for C. carassius × C. auratus hybrids. All bone size to body length relationships were statistically significant. Similarly, all bone size to body weight relationships were significant for C. carassius, C. auratus, and C. gibelio, but none were significant for C. carassius × C. auratus hybrids. Diagnostic structures were found to distinguish easily between the Carassius species and hybrids, which will assist in determining the identity and sizes of prey found in faecal and archaeological remains. 相似文献
11.
Many species complexes have diversified rapidly and recently, resulting in morphologically diverse populations; however, the rapid pace of diversification often prevents identification of clear phylogeographic structure. Recently, the use of large genomic and reduced-representation genomic datasets has improved resolution of the evolutionary histories in such species and allowed identification of lineages on distinct evolutionary trajectories. The northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) and gilded flicker (Colaptes chrysoides) form a polytypic superspecies group with a complex taxonomic history. The superspecies group includes up to 13 described subspecies, which represent slight geographic variation among five main morphological groups: red-shafted flickers of western North America (cafer group), yellow-shafted flickers of eastern North America (auratus group), Cuban flickers of the Caribbean (chrysocaulosus group), gilded flickers of the U.S. south-west and Mexican north-west (chrysoides group), and Guatemalan flickers of Central America (mexicanoides group). These groups are largely differentiable by variation in feather shaft colour, malar colour, throat colour, crown colour, and back barring. Here, using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we characterized the genetic relationships and genomic distinctiveness of the five morphological groups. We found the mexicanoides group to be the most genetically distinct in both mtDNA (~1.4% sequence divergence) and large SNP panels. The chrysocaulosus group is differentiated by a single basepair mutation in a small mtDNA fragment. In both mtDNA and SNP panels, there is little genetic distinctiveness between auratus, cafer, and chrysoides morphological groups, with evidence of admixture and a lack of fixed differences. 相似文献
12.
1. Releases of non‐native fish into the wild is an increasing problem posing considerable ecological and genetic threats through direct competition and hybridisation. 2. We employed six microsatellite markers to identify first generation hybrids and backcrosses between native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and introduced goldfish (C. auratus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the U.K. We also investigated the genetic characteristics of the taxonomically controversial gibel carp (Carassius spp.) from sites across Europe. 3. Natural hybridisation between goldfish and crucian carp occurs frequently, although hybrids between all other species pairs were observed. Only 62% of British crucian carp populations (n = 21) consisted exclusively of pure crucian carp. In some populations hybrids were so frequent, that no pure crucian carp were caught, indicating a high competitive ability of hybrids. 4. Most hybrids belonged to the F1 generation but backcrossing was evident at a low frequency in goldfish × crucian carp hybrids and goldfish × common carp hybrids. Furthermore, some local populations had high frequencies of backcrosses, raising the opportunity for introgression. 5. Gibel carp from Germany and Italy belonged to two triploid clonal lineages that were genetically closely related to goldfish, whereas all individuals identified from British populations proved to be crucian carp × goldfish hybrids. 6. Our study suggests that the release of closely related exotic cyprinids not only poses a threat to the genetic integrity and associated local adaptations of native species, but may also contribute to shifts in community structure through competitive interactions. 相似文献
13.
自然界中鱼类的捕食者种类繁多,为验证猎物鱼针对不同捕食者是否会做出相异的反捕食策略选择,选取鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼为猎物鱼,乌鳢(Channa argus)和胡子鲶(Clarias fuscus)为捕食者,将鲫幼鱼分别暴露于空白(对照)、乌鳢、胡子鲶和双捕食者(同时存在乌鳢和胡子鲶)环境中持续2个月,随后考查不同组鲫幼鱼的生长、行为特征、形态和运动能力等指标之间的差异。结果表明:经过2个月的捕食胁迫处理,鲫幼鱼的自发运动、隐蔽场所利用率和勇敢性等行为指标在4个组之间均未表现出显著性差异。相比对照组,乌鳢、胡子鲶和双捕食者暴露组鲫幼鱼的快速启动反应时滞显著缩短(P<0.05);但所有处理组中仅乌鳢暴露组鲫幼鱼的快速启动120ms移动距离(S120ms)和体高(BD)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。另外鲫幼鱼的临界游泳速度(Ucrit)和活跃代谢率(MO2active)在各组之间也未表现出显著差异。乌鳢暴露组鲫幼鱼快速启动能力的提升可能与形态上体高的提高有关;另外相比临界游泳能力,快速启动能力可能在鱼类逃避捕食者过程中更为关键;鲫幼鱼表现出对乌鳢的反应最为明显,可能与乌鳢口裂较大,给鲫幼鱼带来的威胁更大有关。整体而言,应对捕食胁迫时,鲫幼鱼仅表现出形态和快速启动能力的反捕食响应,其行为特征的保守性可能是对生长作出的妥协,这对于鱼类适应生境中长期存在的捕食胁迫十分关键。 相似文献
14.
Markhors (Capra falconeri) are among the most endangered mammal species, and several conservation measures, including ex situ breeding, are implemented
to prevent their extinction. We studied sequence diversity and differentiation of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial
DNA control region among C. f. heptneri and C. f. megaceros kept in four zoos in relationship to lineages of other wild and domestic goats, to assess for the first time the level of
molecular distinctness and variability among those subspecies, and to check for possible introgression by related Capra taxa, such as domestic goats. Levels of differentiation between some Capra falconeri lineages and modern domestic goats were similar to levels between other wild goat species (i.e., Capra
aegagrus, Capra
ibex) and domestic goats. Among pure markhor lineages, paraphyly was observed for C. f. heptneri, suggesting occurrence of shared ancestral polymorphism among markhor subspecies and/or ancient or recent gene exchange between
subspecies. Interestingly, 35.7% of all studied markhors from three zoos are introgressed by the domestic goat. Furthermore,
despite relatively small breeding group sizes, markhors have maintained a relatively high proportion of mtDNA variation within
zoo groups. In any case, the existence of markhors introgressed with domestic goat DNA in zoos should be considered when selecting
markhors for ex situ breeding programs with the aim of building up a stock for later reintroduction into the wild. 相似文献
15.
Growth and potential photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton passed through intestine of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) from a small Siberian reservoir were compared with those of phytoplankton taken the directly from the reservoir. The dominant phytoplankton species in the reservoir, Microcystis aeruginosa, showed a significant increase of growth after the passage. Subdominant Planktothrix agardhii also showed an increase in growth rate, while subdominants Anabaena flos-aquae and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae were not stimulated by the gut passage. 相似文献
16.
ZHI‐YING JIA XIAO‐WEN SUN LI‐QUN LIANG CUI‐YUN LU QING‐QUAN LEI 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(4):1141-1143
We report the development of 20 microsatellite markers for Fangzheng silver crucian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch). Nineteen out of 20 showed polymorphism with alleles ranging from two to 14. These loci were screened to amplify the closely related species crucian carp, Carassius auratus auratus (Linnaeus) and all of them can amplify DNA with the size similar to the former. The origin of silver crucian carp is in issue and the population genetic structure is still unclear. Microsatellite markers isolated from the silver crucian carp and their utility in the crucian carp will be useful for these researches. 相似文献
17.
SHIN‐ICHIRO S. MATSUZAKI MASAKI SAKAMOTO KIYOSHI KAWABE NORIKO TAKAMURA 《Freshwater Biology》2012,57(4):874-882
1. The alteration of stream habitats by urbanisation reduces the availability of shelter. Reduced shelter availability may increase both predation risks and metabolic costs, negatively affecting the growth performance of stream fish. Although urbanised streams often allow the establishment of invasive species, the additive or interactive effects of shelter availability and invasive species are rarely explored. The invasive red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is a strong shelter competitor and predator in streams. 2. We conducted a stream‐channel experiment to investigate how shelter availability and this invasive crayfish species affect the growth performance (measured as the loss in body mass under starved conditions) of two native benthic species, Japanese crucian carp (Carassius auratus complex) and an endangered cobitid fish (Lefua echigonia). 3. We found that both the absence of shelter and the presence of crayfish increased body mass loss in the crucian carp. However, the growth performance of the crucian carp was improved by the presence of shelter except in the presence of crayfish, in which case the shelter available did not ameliorate the negative effect of the crayfish on growth performance (i.e. an interactive effect). This result suggests that crayfish may affect the growth performance of the crucian carp through chemical cues as well as through shelter occupancy. 4. In contrast, shelter availability is the primary factor affecting the body mass loss of the cobitid fish. However, the growth performance of these fish was unaffected by the presence of crayfish. The change in the growth performance of the cobitid fish in response to the absence of shelter was greater than that of the crucian carp. This finding suggests that the cobitid fish may be more vulnerable than the crucian carp to a reduction in shelter availability. 5. Our study demonstrates that reduced shelter availability and/or crayfish invasion can have significant, indirect negative effects on the growth performance of native fish, but whether those effects are interactive might vary depending on the species. Our findings have clear implications for stream restoration and habitat assessment. 相似文献
18.
KEI'ICHIRO IGUCHI GUNJI YAMAMOTO NAOTO MATSUBARA MUTSUMI NISHIDA 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2003,79(2):351-357
The classification of the Carassius complex (Cyprinidae) including all-female triploids, called ginbuna in Japanese, is so confused that three sympatric morphs of crucian carp in Lake Kasumigaura are categorized into two different subspecies within a species. We examined them in order to explain the coexistence of more than one subspecies and determine the founder of the triploid lineages in the crucian carp fauna in the lake. Principal component analysis proved that the three sympatric morphs had a morphometric basis distinguishable from each other. Ploidy was determined by flow cytometry which showed triploids in two morphs and diploids in the other morph. Stepwise discriminant analysis using only meristic characteristics could separate the diploids from the triploids. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA inferred two lineages in which one was composed of a triploid morph and the other was a diploid–triploid mixture. Disagreement between the taxonomic status and the phylogenetic status is explicable by assuming that the triploids in the Carassius complex had independent origins leading to the different subspecies. C. auratus langsdorfii appears to show genetic complexities that traditional taxonomic classification can not unravel. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2003, 79 , 351–357. 相似文献
19.
The mitochondrial DNA D-Loop region was sequenced, analyzed and used as a molecular marker for populations of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (P. paniscus) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla and G. beringei), and also compared with data previously reported for these taxa. In Gorilla, a main disjunction between western (G. gorilla) and eastern (G. beringei, including G. b. graueri) species was observed, as well as high mitochondrial diversity within the western species. The genetic distance values within G. gorilla (0.14) were higher than those between subspecies (eastern lowland and mountain 0.12). Likewise, values of genetic diversity within this species (0.05) were higher than those between species (western and eastern lowland gorilla 0.04). Similarly, in genus Pan a main differentiation between western (P. t. verus) and central forms (P. t. troglodytes and P. t. schweinfurthii) was observed. The obtained values of genetic distance and genetic diversity revealed that the central subspecies are closer to each other than either of them is to the western one, while bonobos composed a distinct clade that expresses a well-defined specific identity. The current distribution, phylogeny and levels of genetic diversity in African great ape populations are consistent with the hypothesis that Pleistocene climatic events led to cyclical periods of isolation in forest refugia followed by expansion and dispersal. The implications of this high level of genetic diversity for taxonomic classification, wildlife management and conservation are discussed. 相似文献
20.
In this study, records on the occurrence of the Japanese ginbuna Carassius langsdorfii from northern Germany, north‐western Italy and southern Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. The new findings, in addition to former studies reported in the Czech Republic and Greece, show that C. langsdorfii is much more widespread in Europe than was previously believed. 相似文献