莲房原花青素对家兔血脂及肝组织形态的影响

目的：观察莲房原花青素（LSPC）对实验性高血脂兔及其肝组织形态学的影响。方法：按血胆固醇水平将实验性高血脂兔随机分组：空白对照组,三个不同LSPC剂量（100,200,400mg/kg）组,测定口服LPSC前后血清和肝总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、血清低密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（LDL－C）、高密度脂蛋白－胆固醇（HDL－C）等指标,并对家兔肝脏进行病理学检查。结果：低剂量LSPC能明显降低高血脂兔的血清及肝脏中TG（P＜0．05）,显著升高血清HDL－C值（P＜0．01）;高剂量LSPC能显著减少高血脂兔血清TC、LD1－C（P＜0．01）,同时升高血清HDL－C值（P＜0．05）,但对肝组织形态有一定的副作用。结论：结论：提示莲房原花青素可能具有调节血脂的作用。     

强化阿托伐他汀治疗对ACS患者血脂水平的短期影响

目的:观察强化阿托伐他汀治疗对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者血脂水平的短期影响。方法:收集100例ACS患者,入院当天(the day of admission,D0)、入院第一天(the first day,D1)及入院第二天(The Second Day,D2)分别给予阿托伐他汀80mg治疗,入院D0立即采血化验血脂参数包括总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低度脂蛋白(LDL-cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-cholesterol,HDL-C)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG),分别在D1和D2晨起空腹复查。结果:总胆固醇的平均基线水平为5.24±0.07(D0),低密度脂蛋白为3.26±0.07,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为1.07±0.07,甘油三酯为1.31±0.07。口服阿托伐他汀80毫克后第一天早晨,TC水平下降6.1%(D1)(与D0相比P0.001),第二日下降13.2%(D2)(与D0相比P0.001),LDL-C下降5.8%(D1)(DO与D1相比,P0.001)和15.6%(D2)(DO与D2相比,P0.001);HDL-C下降7.5%(D1)(DO与D1相比,P0.001)和12.1(D2)(DO与D2相比,P0.001);相反TG水平升高20.6%(D1)(DO与D1相比,P0.001)和25.5%(D2)(DO与D2相比,P0.001)。结论:强化他汀治疗对ACS患者血脂短期的影响与长期的影响是不同的,TC,LDL和HDL在短期内是下降的,而TG是升高的。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血脂水平的变化

探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与血脂水平的关系。方法:选取32例OSAHS患者(OSAHS组)为试验组和30例健康体检者为对照组,均经多导睡眠监测仪(PSG)检查,测定空腹血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的含量,比较两组间的差异。结果:OSAHS组空腹时TC、TG、LDL显著高于对照组,而HDL显著低于对照组。结论:OSAHS可引起脂质代谢异常,从而促进心血管疾病的发生。     

Single intravenous injection of plasmid DNA encoding human paraoxonase-1 inhibits hyperlipidemia in rats

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1, EC 3.1.8.1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated antioxidant enzyme, and its activity correlates negatively with the level of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceridemia (TG). In this study, we examined the therapeutic effect of plasmid DNA containing the human PON1 gene (pcDNA/PON1) in hyperlipidemic model rats. The rats were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 25 days to produce a hyperlipidemic animal model. Single intravenous injection of pcDNA/PON1 into model rats prevented dyslipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation. The mechanisms of pcDNA/PON1 in treating hyperlipidemia were associated with increases of serum antioxidant PON1 and SOD activities, and with reduction of the levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and TG. The results suggest the potential therapeutic effect of pcDNA/PON1 on hyperlipidemia.     

Cholesterol Forms and Traditional Lipid Profile for Projection of Atherogenic Dyslipidemia: Lipoprotein Subfractions and Erythrocyte Membrane Cholesterol

Atherogenic dyslipidemia characterized by abnormal changes in plasma lipid profile such as low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased triglyceride (TG) levels is strongly associated with atherosclerotic diseases. We aimed to evaluate the levels of pro- and antiatherogenic lipids and erythrocyte membrane cholesterol (EMC) content in normo- and dyslipidemic subjects to investigate whether EMC content could be a useful marker for clinical presentation of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL and their subfraction levels and erythrocyte lipid content were determined in 64 normolipidemic (NLs), 42 hypercholesterolemic (HCs) and 42 mixed-type dyslipidemic subjects (MTDs). Plasma atherogenic lipid indices [small–dense LDL (sdLDL)/less-dense HDL (LHDL), TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C and Apo B/AI] were higher in MTDs compared to NLs (p < 0.001). The highest sdLDL level was observed in HCs (p < 0.01). Despite a slight increase in EMC level in dyslipidemic subgroups, the difference was not statistically significant. A significant negative correlation, however, was observed between EMC and sdLDL/LHDL in HCs (p < 0.035, r = ?0.386). Receiver operating characteristic curves to predict sdLDL level showed that TG and EMC levels had higher area under curve values compared to other parameters in HCs. We showed that diameters of larger LDL and HDL particles tend to shift toward smaller values in MTDs. Our results suggest that EMC content and TG levels may be a useful predictor for sdLDL level in hypercholesterolemic patients.     

Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of hydroethanolic extract of Butea monosperma bark in diabetic mice

The antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative properties of hydroethanolic extract of Butea monosperma bark were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan administration resulted in higher blood glucose level and reduced hepatic glycogen content as compared to normal animals. Besides, serum lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were also found to be significantly elevated, whereas the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was markedly reduced in diabetic animals. Oxidative damage in the tissues of diabetic mice was evidenced by a marked increase in the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), distinct decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and declined activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The daily treatment of diabetic animals with crude extract of B. monosperma bark (300 mg kg(-1)) for 45 days significantly lowered blood glucose level and elevated hepatic glycogen content, bringing the values close to those observed in normal control and glibenclamide-treated diabetic mice. Furthermore, the level of various lipid profile parameters was also reversed towards normal. TBARS and GSH also restored towards normal and the declined activity of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic animals was also normalized in crude extract administered mice, thus indicating the antioxidant efficacy of the drug in diabetes-induced oxidative damage. Significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of the crude extract of B. monosperma bark indicated that it may find use in the management of diabetes and resultant oxidative stress.     

昆布（海带）对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用和机制

目的：探讨昆布（海带）在实验性高脂血症大鼠中的降血脂作用和机制。方法：健康雌性Wistar大鼠40只,应用高脂饲料喂养方法建立高脂血症动物模型,海带粉饲料喂养干预治疗。生化法检测大鼠血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平。硫代巴比妥酸法和硝酸还原酶法分别检测脂质过氧化物丙二醛（MDA）和一氧化氮（NO）含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法和化学比色法分别测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性。结果：经海带干预治疗后,动物血清TG、TC和LDL水平较模型组显著降低、HDL水平显著升高（P〈0.05）。治疗组动物血清和肝组织MDA和NO水平显著低于、而SOD和GSH-PX活性均显著高于模型组（P〈0.05）。结论：海带可能影响TG、TC、LDL和HDL等组分的代谢,通过增强抗氧化SOD和GSH-PX的活性,降低体内MDA和NO的水平,发挥调节血脂水平的作用。     

CETP does not affect triglyceride production or clearance in APOE*3-Leiden mice

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates the bidirectional transfer of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides (TG) between HDL and (V)LDL. By shifting cholesterol in plasma from HDL to (V)LDL in exchange for VLDL-TG, CETP aggravates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic APOE*3-Leiden (E3L) mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CETP in TG metabolism and high-fat diet-induced obesity by using E3L mice with and without the expression of the human CETP gene. On chow, plasma lipid levels were comparable between both male and female E3L and E3L.CETP mice. Further mechanistic studies were performed using male mice. CETP expression increased the level of TG in HDL. CETP did not affect the postprandial plasma TG response or the hepatic VLDL-TG and VLDL-apolipoprotein B production rate. Moreover, CETP did not affect the plasma TG clearance rate or organ-specific TG uptake after infusion of VLDL-like emulsion particles. In line with the absence of an effect of CETP on tissue-specific TG uptake, CETP also did not affect weight gain in response to a high-fat diet. In conclusion, the CETP-induced increase of TG in the HDL fraction of E3L mice is not associated with changes in the production of TG or with tissue-specific clearance of TG from the plasma.     

Hepatic ABCA1 and VLDL triglyceride production

Elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations are prominent features of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Individuals with Tangier disease also have elevated plasma TG concentrations and a near absence of HDL, resulting from mutations in ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), which facilitates the efflux of cellular phospholipid and free cholesterol to assemble with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), forming nascent HDL particles. In this review, we summarize studies focused on the regulation of hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) TG production, with particular attention on recent evidence connecting hepatic ABCA1 expression to VLDL, LDL, and HDL metabolism. Silencing ABCA1 in McArdle rat hepatoma cells results in diminished assembly of large (>10nm) nascent HDL particles, diminished PI3 kinase activation, and increased secretion of large, TG-enriched VLDL1 particles. Hepatocyte-specific ABCA1 knockout (HSKO) mice have a similar plasma lipid phenotype as Tangier disease subjects, with a two-fold elevation of plasma VLDL TG, 50% lower LDL, and 80% reduction in HDL concentrations. This lipid phenotype arises from increased hepatic secretion of VLDL1 particles, increased hepatic uptake of plasma LDL by the LDL receptor, elimination of nascent HDL particle assembly by the liver, and hypercatabolism of apoA-I by the kidney. These studies highlight a novel role for hepatic ABCA1 in the metabolism of all three major classes of plasma lipoproteins and provide a metabolic link between elevated TG and reduced HDL levels that are a common feature of Tangier disease, MS, and T2D. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Triglyceride Metabolism and Disease.     

冠心病患者血浆CD69、DKK-1与血脂、炎性因子的关系及其诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：分析冠心病（CHD）患者血浆CD69、Wnt拮抗剂蛋白-1（DKK-1）与血脂、炎性因子的关系,并分析CD69和DKK1对于CHD患者的诊断价值。方法：选取2016年6月~2018年12月在我院诊治的CHD患者136例,根据Gensini评分分为轻度亚组、中度亚组、重度亚组,同时纳入与之年龄、性别匹配的冠状动脉造影正常者136例作为对照组。检测受试者血清炎性因子、血脂、及血浆CD69、DKK-1水平,分析CHD患者CD69、DKK-1水平与血脂、炎性因子、Gensini评分的相关性,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析CD69和DKK1对于CHD患者的诊断价值。结果：CHD患者CD69、DKK-1、白细胞介素-10（IL-10)、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）;随着冠脉狭窄病变程度的加重,CD69、DKK-1、IL-10、IL-6、TC、TG、LDL水平呈升高趋势,HDL水平呈降低趋势（P<0.05）。CHD患者CD69、DKK-1水平与IL-10、IL-6、TC、TG、LDL、Gensini评分均呈正相关,与HDL呈负相关（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,CD69、DKK-1联合检测诊断CHD的灵敏度、特异度分别为0.816、0.846。结论：CHD患者血浆DKK-1、CD69水平升高,与血脂、炎性因子和Gensini评分密切相关,两者联合检测可提高CHD诊断效能。     

Evaluation of antihyperlipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata flowers

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for development of coronary artery disease. Cassia auriculata is traditionally used in India for medicinal purposes. In this study, effect of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata flowers (Et-CAF) was investigated in Triton WR1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Treatment with the Et-CAF (450 mg/kg b.wt) significantly reduced the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) levels and significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level associated with reduction of atherogenic index in hyperlipidemic rats. However, there was no change in the serum lipid profile of normal rats treated with Et-CAF alone. The results suggest that Et-CAF has a beneficial effect in treating hyperlipidemia and may serve as a potential drug for prevention of hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis.     

Familial aggregation of lipids and lipoproteins in families ascertained through random and nonrandom probands in the Iowa Lipid Research Clinics family study

The aggregation of lipids [total cholesterol (CH) and triglyceride (TG)] and lipoproteins [high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)] in families ascertained through random and nonrandom probands in the Iowa Lipid Research Clinics family study was examined. Nonrandom probands were selected because their lipid levels (at a prior screening visit) exceeded a certain pre-specified threshold. The statistical method conditions the likelihood function on the actual event that the proband's value is beyond the threshold. This method allows for estimation of the path model parameters in randomly and nonrandomly ascertained families jointly and separately, thus enabling tests of heterogeneity between the two types of samples. Marked heterogeneity between the random and the hyperlipidemic samples is detected in the multifactorial transmission for TG and HDL, and moderate heterogeneity is detected for CH and LDL, with a pattern of higher genetic heritability estimates in the random than nonrandom samples. The observed pattern of heterogeneity is compatible with a higher prevalence in the random sample of certain dyslipoproteinemias that are associated with nonelevated lipids. For the random samples, genetic heritabilities are higher for CH and HDL (about 60%) than for TG and LDL (about 50%). For the nonrandom samples those estimates are about 45, 40, 35 and 30% for HDL, CH, LDL and TG, respectively. Little to no cultural (familial environmental) heritability is evident for CH and LDL, although 10-20% of the phenotypic variance is due to cultural factors for TG and HDL. These results suggest that the etiologies for lipids and lipoproteins may be quite different in random versus hyperlipidemic samples.     

昆布（海带）对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用和机制

目的:探讨昆布(海带)在实验性高脂血症大鼠中的降血脂作用和机制。方法:健康雌性Wistar大鼠40只,应用高脂饲料喂养方法建立高脂血症动物模型,海带粉饲料喂养干预治疗。生化法检测大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平。硫代巴比妥酸法和硝酸还原酶法分别检测脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法和化学比色法分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性。结果:经海带干预治疗后,动物血清TG、TC和LDL水平较模型组显著降低、HDL水平显著升高(P<0.05)。治疗组动物血清和肝组织MDA和NO水平显著低于、而SOD和GSH-PX活性均显著高于模型组(P<0.05)。结论:海带可能影响TG、TC、LDL和HDL等组分的代谢,通过增强抗氧化SOD和GSH-PX的活性,降低体内MDA和NO的水平,发挥调节血脂水平的作用。     

蝇蛆壳聚糖对实验性糖尿病大鼠脂代谢的影响

目的测定实验糖尿病大鼠血脂,探讨蝇蛆壳聚糖改善脂代谢以降低血糖的机制。方法用全自动生化分析仪测定各组大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的含量。结果经蝇蛆壳聚糖治疗后,高剂量组TC,TG含量明显低于模型对照组(P<0.01),其中TG含量与拜糖平组相比有明显差异(P<0.05)。中剂量组TC含量明显低于模型对照组(P<0.01),TG含量低于模型对照组(P<0.05)。低剂量组HDL含量最高,与模型对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论蝇蛆壳聚糖有改善实验糖尿病大鼠血脂的作用。     

Relations between particle size of HDL and LDL lipoproteins and cholesterol esterification rate

Particle size of low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) lipoproteins and cholesterol esterification rate in HDL plasma (FER(HDL)) are important independent predictors of coronary artery diseases (CAD). In this study we assessed the interrelations between these indicators and routinely examined plasma lipid parameters and plasma glucose concentrations. In 141 men, healthy volunteers, we examined plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL and LDL cholesterol (HDL-C, LDL-C) and HDL unesterified cholesterol (HDL-UC). Particle size distribution in HDL and LDL was assessed by gradient gel electrophoresis and FER(HDL) was estimated by radioassay. An effect of particle size and FER(HDL) on atherogenic indexes as the Log(TG/HDL-C) and TC/HDL-C was evaluated. Subjects in the study had plasma concentrations (mean +/- S.D.) of TC 5.2+/-0.9 mmol/l, HDL-C 1.2+/-0.3 mmol/l, TG 2.1+/-1.7 mmol/l, glucose 5+/-0.8 mmol/l. Relative concentration of HDL(2b) was 17.6+/-11.5 % and 14.6+/-11.8 % of HDL(3b,c). The mean diameter of LDL particles was 25.8+/-1.5 nm. The increase in FER(HDL) significantly correlated with the decrease in HDL(2b) and LDL particle size (r = -0.537 and -0.583, respectively, P<0.01) and the increase in HDL(3b,c) (0.473, P<0.01). Strong interrelations among TG and HDL-C or HDL-UC and FER(HDL) and particle size were found, but TC or LDL-C did not have such an effect. Atherogenic indexes Log(TG/HDL-C) and TC/HDL-C correlated with FER(HDL) (0.827 and 0.750, respectively, P<0.0001) and with HDL and LDL particle size.     

Increased oxidazability of plasma low density lipoprotein from patients with coronary artery disease

Oxidative modification of lipoproteins may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study was designed to examine whether increased lipid peroxides and/or oxidative susceptibility of plasma lipoproteins occur in patients with coronary artery disease. The levels of lipid peroxides, estimated as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), were significantly greater in the plasma and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) of symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease than in those of healthy persons, but the TBARS levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) showed insignificant difference between patients and normals. To evaluate the oxidative susceptibility of lipoproteins, we employed in vitro Cu²⁺ oxidation of lipoproteins monitored by changes in fluorescenece, TBARS level, trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) reactivity, apolipoprotein immunoreactivity and agarose gel electrophoretic mobility. While VLDL and LDL of normal controls were oxidazed at 5–10 μM Cu²⁺, pooled VLDL and LDL of patients with coronary artery disease were oxidized at 1–2.5 μM Cu²⁺, i.e., at relatively lowver oxidative stress. At 5 μM Cu²⁺, VLDL and LDL of patients with coronary artery disease still showed at faster oxidation rate, judged by the rate of fluorescence increase, higher TBARS level, less TNBS reactivity, greater change in apo B immunoreactivity and higher electrophoretic mobility than those of normal controls. However, the difference on the oxidizability of HDL was insignificant for patients vs. normals. In conclusion, we have shown that plasm VLDL and LDL of patients with coronary artery disease are more susceptible to in vitro oxidative modification than those of health persons. The data suggest that enhanced oxidizability of plasma lipoproteins may be important factor influencing the development of coronary artery disease.     

非布司他对急性痛风性关节炎患者血清SUA水平及氧化应激的影响

目的:研究非布司他治疗急性痛风性关节炎(AGA)患者的临床疗效及对血清尿酸(SUA)水平及氧化应激的影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2014年6月到2016年10月收治的200例AGA患者,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各100例。对照组患者口服别嘌呤醇治疗,观察组患者口服非布司他治疗,均连续治疗24周。比较两组患者治疗前后各时间点的血清SUA、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)、3-硝基络氨酸修饰蛋白(3-NT)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组各时间点的血清SUA、8-OHdG和3-NT水平均明显低于对照组(P0.01)。治疗后,对照组患者的血清TG、TC、HDL、LDL水平较治疗前无明显变化(P0.05),观察组患者的血清TG水平明显低于治疗前(P0.01),血清HDL水平明显高于治疗前(P0.01),而血清TC和LDL水平比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:非布司他治疗AGA的疗效明显,能有效降低血清SUA水平,抑制氧化应激状态,并能改善血脂代谢。     

Apelin对改善小鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的作用及与调节脂质代谢的关系

目的：探讨外源性apelin对小鼠慢性低氧性肺动脉高压的作用及其机制。方法：SPF级雄性apoE基因敲除（apoE-KO）小鼠30只,随机均分为3组（n=10）,即常氧组、低氧组和低氧+apelin组,apelin组小鼠每天于低氧前经腹腔注射apelin-13（10 nmol/（kg·d））,其他组腹腔注射相同体积的生理盐水。采用常压连续低氧方法（9%~11% O₂,23 h/d）复制慢性低氧性肺动脉高压模型。低氧3周后,采用右心导管法测定小鼠右心室压（RVSP）和右心室与左心室加室间隔重量比,Elisa法检测血浆中高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）和总胆固醇（TC）的含量;real-time PCR法检测肝组织中三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1（ABCA1）、清道夫受体B1（SR-B1）、低密度脂蛋白受体（LDLR）和3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGCR）等基因的表达。Western blot法检测小鼠肺组织中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）蛋白的表达。结果：①低氧组小鼠RVSP、RV/（LV+S）较常氧组分别高87%、85%（P均<0.05）,apelin组小鼠RVSP、RV/（LV+S）较低氧组分别低39%、33%（P均<0.05）。②apelin组小鼠血浆中HDL-C含量、HDL/LDL比值分别较hypoxia组高21%、20%（P均<0.05）,而血浆中TC、LDL-C含量两组间无显著差异（P均>0.05）。③apelin组小鼠肝组织中LDLR、SR-B1、ABCA1基因表达分别较低氧组上调241%、112%、69%（P均<0.05）,而HMGCR基因表达下调45%（P<0.05）。④apelin组小鼠肺组织中PPARγ蛋白表达较低氧组上调47%。结论：Apelin可降低小鼠低氧性肺动脉高压,其机制与调节脂质代谢有关。     

Chronic treatment with bark infusion from Croton cajucara lowers plasma triglyceride levels in genetic hyperlipidemic mice

Aqueous infusion and preparations containing dehydrocrotonin (DHC) and essential oil from Croton cajucara bark were tested for plasma lipid-lowering effects in genetically modified hyperlipidemic mice. Two mouse models were tested: 1) primary hypercholesterolemia resulting from the LDL-receptor gene knockout, and 2) combined hyperlipidemia resulting from crosses of LDL-receptor knockout mice with transgenic mice overexpressing apolipo protein (apo) CIII and cholesteryl ester-transfer protein. Mice treated with bark infusion, DHC, essential oil, or placebos for 25 days showed no signals of toxicity as judged by biochemical tests for liver and kidney functions. The bark infusion reduced triglyceride plasma levels by 40%, while essential oil and DHC had no significant effects on plasma lipid levels. The bark infusion treatment promoted a redistribution of cholesterol among the lipoprotein fractions in combined hyperlipidemic mice. There was a marked reduction in the VLDL fraction and an increase in the HDL fraction, in such a way that the (VLDL + LDL)/HDL ratio was reduced by half. The bark infusion treatment did not modify cholesterol distribution in hypercholesterolemic mice. In conclusion, C. cajucara bark infusion reduced plasma triglycerides levels and promoted a redistribution of cholesterol among lipoproteins in genetically combined hyperlipidemic mice. These changes modify risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic diseases.     

High-density lipoprotein remains elevated despite reductions in total cholesterol in fasting adult male elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)

We examined changes in lipid profiles of 40 adult northern elephant seal bulls over the 3-month breeding fast and the 1-month molting fast to investigate impacts of fasting on serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and lipoproteins. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were initially high (3930 ± 190mgL(-1)and 1610 ± 170mgL(-1), respectively) and decreased significantly over the breeding season. Total cholesterol and LDL declined significantly with adipose tissue reserves (p<0.001), and LDL levels as low as 43 mgL(-1) were measured in seals late in the breeding fast. Less dramatic but similar changes in lipid metabolism were observed across the molting fast. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) remained consistently elevated (>1750 mgL(-1)) suggesting that elephant seals defend HDL concentrations, despite significant depletion of TC and LDL across the breeding fast. Triglyceride levels were significantly higher during the molt, consistent with lower rates of lipid oxidation needed to meet metabolic energy demands during this period. The maintenance of HDL during breeding is consistent with its role in delivering cholesterol from adipose tissue for steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and potentially mitigates oxidative stress associated with fasting.