论中国自然保护区的面积上限

中国从195 6年开始建设自然保护区,其间经过了一个较长的停滞时期之后,到2 0 0 2年底,中国建立了15 5 1个自然保护区,面积达14 14 86 6 km2 ,占国土面积14 .7%。中国自然保护区面积占国土面积的比例已经在2 0 0 2年末超过世界先进水平,然而,目前中国自然保护区的数量仍在增长。由于目前中国的自然保护区是严格意义的保护区,于是,作者提出应区分严格保护的自然保护区与广义的自然保护地,发展一个由不同保护目的、不同保护程度、合理布局的自然保护区组成的综合自然保护区体系,结合经济发展水平建设自然保护区的思想。估算了现阶段自然保护区的基本建设投入与管护费用,探讨了建设和管理2 0 0 2年末中国自然保护区的资金需求。还提出研究中国自然保护区中人口、中国国土面积及分类和中国各种类型土地的适宜保护面积,探讨“在中国多大的国土面积可以建设为自然保护区?”这一命题,从保存生物物种、生物资源、主要生态系统、可持续利用方面研究中国自然保护地的面积上限。     

密闭生态系统中大黑甲生长发育及虫沙营养成分的初步研究

密闭受控生态系统中,大黑甲(俗称大麦虫)不仅可以作为乘员日常饮食中动物蛋白的重要来源之一,且对作物秸秆、餐厨垃圾等物质转化起到重要作用,其虫沙可配制新型有机肥料。本试验在密闭受控生态系统中,通过测定大黑甲日增数量、质量及大黑甲各生长阶段呼吸代谢量,研究密闭生态环境对大黑甲的生长发育及其虫沙营养成分价值的影响。试验表明,大黑甲在受控密闭生态系统中生长良好,生长速率为0.79%,大黑甲幼虫时期CO_2产生速率为0.0439 g/g虫/d,O_2消耗速率为0.027 g/g虫/d,大黑甲成年期CO_2产生速率为0.0109 g/g虫/d,O_2消耗速率为0.0126 g/g虫/d,大黑甲的呼吸代谢对密闭系统中大气循环起到一定作用。此外,大黑甲每日能够消耗一定量的植物不可食部分,其虫沙营养全面,具有用作植物培养基质的潜力。     

Vietnam and the Code of Conduct for the South China Sea

This article portrays and characterizes the Vietnamese position toward the settlement of the island disputes in the South China Sea. The situation in the South China Sea has become more complicated since 1988 when China made its steps toward the Spratlys. After analyzing the situation in the South China Sea, the author emphasizes the need to have a code of conduct for this disputed area.     

中国苔藓植物的地理分区及分布类型

在对中国苔藓植物相关研究资料进行总结归纳的基础上,对中国苔藓植物的分区进行了重新划分,将最初的7个分区划分为10个分区,从华中区中分出华东区,由华北区中分出华西区,并将青藏区及云贵区内的云南西北部、四川西南部和西藏东南部组成单独的横断山区。就中国苔藓植物的分布类型及可能的分布路线也作了讨论,指出中国苔藓植物的分布路线有3条,一条是从喜马拉雅地区经滇西北、川西沿长江流域到中国的东南部;一条位于喜马拉雅、横断山区和台湾之间;第三条则从喜马拉雅地区通过秦岭直至长白山区。     

关于浙江南部森林植物华南,华东两个区系的划分问题

选取分布于浙江南部的１１６个华南森林植物区系成份的工表种。根据自然地理条件的异同,在浙江南部的温州地区和丽水地区中选择５个代表性区域,分析其与华南区系的亲缘关系,在此基础上提出本区内华南,华东两个区系的划分意见,以乐清湾的清江为起点,向东越过乐清湾至温岭县南端（坞根）,再经石头桥至交陈而出东海,向西南则沿北雁荡山东南山麓地带经永嘉县南端（上塘）至青田县东端（温溪）,再越过瓯江向东南拐弯至瓯海（瞿溪     

The Study on the Flora of the Tiantangzhai Mountains of the Dabie Mountains,Anhui Province

It is now known that there are 1108 species (including varieties) of vascular plants, in the Tiantangzhai Mountainous region, which belong to 565 genera and 152 families. The Dabieshan Mountains first took shape in the Sinian Period. The origin of the flora of the Dabie Mountains is very ancient, and the flora originated principally from the Tertiary ancient tropical flora. There are many ancient families and genera as well as many relic species. There are all told 81 monotypic and oligotypic genera which are genetically ancient or primitive in the Tiantangzhai Mountainous Region The flora of the Dabieshan Mountains comprises a portion of the flora of East China. In this paper, author has drawn a clear line of demarcation between East China and Central China, from Yichang to Xiangfan in Hubei Province; and a dividing line between East China and North China, through the Tongbaishan Mountains from the Southern foot of the Funiushan Mountains to Huai river.     

湖北鳞毛蕨属植物的地理分布及区系特征

对湖北鳞毛蕨后植物的地理分布和区系特点进行了研究。鳞毛蕨后植物广布于世界各地,该后的分布和多样性中心位于中国西南部和东喜马拉雅山区;另一中心则位于日本,中国东南部和南部。鳞毛蕨后是一个自然的北温带分布属。中国有鳞毛蕨后植物134种(包括7变种),西南地区(云南、四川、贵州等)是国产鳞毛蕨属植物分布最集中的地区。区系分析表明：湖北鳞毛蕨后植物种类比较丰富,有36种,主要分布于鄂西北和鄂西南山区,是构成湖北森林植物区系林下草本植物的主要成分之一;地理成分比较复杂,种的分析显示出以中国一日本分布和中国持有分布为主的特点;与相邻省鳞毛蕨属植物区系的关系比较密切;区系过渡性明显。     

Comparing the prevalence of rheumatic diseases in China with the rest of the world

Geographic or ethnic differences in the occurrence of disease often provide insights into causes of disease and possible opportunities for disease prevention. Persons in China appear to have a consistently lower prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia than persons in the United States and Europe; reasons for these prevalence differences might include genetic differences, differences in environmental exposures or a combination of both. With increasing obesity, gout is becoming endemic in China. Finally, symptomatic knee osteoarthritis is extremely common in China and constitutes a major public health problem there.     

Governing Dementia: A Historical Investigation of the Power of States and Professionals in the Conceptualization of Dementia in China

This study intends to understand how Chinese states and healthcare professionals interact with each other in adopting biomedical concepts within the context of globalization of mental health. The conceptualization of dementia as a stigmatized mental disorder in China serves as a salient case to examine interactions between states and professionals as well as the interrelationships between different healthcare professionals in producing knowledge. By engaging the biopolitical approach, this project explores the historically-contingent conceptualizations of dementia, namely dementia as a vague and stigmatized condition in imperial China, dementia as biosocial deviance in Republican China, dementia as a product of capitalism during Mao-era China, and dementia as a stigmatized mental illness in contemporary China. These dynamics indicate that Chinese professionals have been largely influenced by state ideologies in assimilating biomedical concepts. Through the historical analysis of state-professional interactions in conceptualizing dementia, this study provides an avenue to understand how biomedical concepts transfer within the global context can be read as a site of power struggle between ethnomedicine and biomedicine, between various competing forms of healthcare professionals, and between indigenous sovereignty and governmentality. Moreover, the study of conceptualizing dementia in China sheds light on the larger sociopolitical processes of governmentality in China.     

北京市六环内城市森林结构总体特征

城市森林结构决定了城市森林的外貌、总体绿量,影响其生态效益.本文对北京市六环外1 km范围内城市森林分层抽样调查,研究其多样性及乔木规格,并根据北京城市特点分析其空间差异,以期找出存在问题及梯度变化规律,为北京城市森林多样性保护及科学管理提供依据.通过对各类城市森林847个标准样方的调查,共记录木本植物50科、106属、159种,本地种占75%;城市森林植物群落仍然是少数物种主导,毛白杨(Populus tomentosa Carr.)与国槐(Sophora japonicaL.)分别为使用数量最多(9.7%)和使用频度最高(28.45%)的树种;乔木平均胸径19.79 cm,平均冠幅5.4 m,规格总体偏小,且规格差异不大.北京市城市森林沿城市发展方向由城内向城外展现出了明显的梯度变化:总物种数4环外多于4环内,最高为4~5环112种;多样性指数逐渐降低;乔木规格减小;“城六区”物种组成、多样性及乔木规格均优于其他行政区.     

中国热带生物地理北界的建议

以前多个关于中国热带北界的建议由于依据的指标和学科不同,存在很大的差异。我们基于202个中国地理区的植物区系和气象资料,对中国种子植物属的地理成分分布格局及其与气候、经纬度分布的关系进行研究,同时依据覆盖中国北纬30°以南地区的135个地方植物区系资料,对种子植物属的地理成分分布格局进行了研究。结果显示,在中国植物区系中,依据种子植物区系科和属的地理成分(即分布区类型),发现热带分布属中80%以上的区域基本上在中国南部和东南部北纬22°30'以南。在这条界线以南地区,位于基带(低海拔或水平地带性区域)的原始植被为热带森林(热带雨林、季雨林),并且具有在中国分布的典型热带植物科,但在中国西南部,热带森林沿云南西部可达到北纬24°30',在西藏南部的深切河谷可达到北纬29°。这条界线与中国的热带雨林、季雨林区划的北界相符合,亦与植物区系分区上的泛北极植物区系与古热带植物区系的地理分界线相吻合。结合中国植被和植物区系区划,我们建议将北纬22°30'作为中国南部和东南部的生物地理热带北界。这条热带北界比气候上的热带北界(21°30'N,年积温8000℃以上)更北,这暗示中国热带地区在历史上可能曾达到更北的范围,支持在古生态学研究上提出的全新世中期中国东部地区热带和亚热带常绿阔叶林曾北移的结论。     

浙江近海后鳃类软体动物的分布及其区系

报道了浙江近海的后鳃类97种,分别隶属于7目30科44属。其中我国沿岸广温广布种14种,主要分布于东海和南海的亚热带种50种,南海的热带种18种,渤、黄海延伸到东海北部的暖温带种15种。     

Historic Titles and Historic Rights in the Law of the Sea in the Light of the South China Sea Arbitration

Historic titles and historic rights have been a complicated issue in the law of the sea both conceptually and practically. The South China Sea Arbitration between the Philippines and China raised important issues regarding the contemporary relevance and validity of historic claims, and the relationship between the Law of the Sea Convention and historic rights. This articles examines historic rights and historic titles in the law of the sea in the light of the South China Sea Arbitration and evaluates the contribution of the Tribunal's Awards to the clarification of these concepts.     

中国卷柏科植物的研究(Ⅰ)： 卷柏属同形叶亚属

对中国卷柏科卷柏属同形叶亚属进行了分类学修订,首次承认中国分布有3种,即西伯利亚卷柏 S．sibirica,印度卷柏S．indica和细瘦卷柏S．vardei。绘制了每种的叶形,孢子叶穗线条图;并绘有同形 叶亚属植物的地理分布图。该亚属在中国的分布呈西南和东北分布格局。     

A comparison between the Upper Triassic floras of China and the Rhaeto-Liassic floras of Europe and East Greenland

A survey is given of the geological and geographical distribution of the Upper Triassic floras of China, based chiefly on many articles published in Chinese during the last ten years. This is followed by a comparison between the Upper Triassic flora of China and the Rhaeto-Liassic floras of Europe (Sweden, Germany) and East Greenland. It is pointed out that important floral assemblages (for example that of the Liassic Thaumatopteris schenkii Assemblage-zone) occur considerably earlier in China (especially in S.W. China) than in Europe and East Greenland.     

孕期应激下调成年雄性子代大鼠海马HDAC2表达

目的明确母代大鼠孕期应激对雄性子代海马中组蛋白去乙酰化酶2(histone deacetylase 2, HDAC2)表达变化的影响。方法将16只SD孕鼠随机分为应激组和对照组,每组8只,应激组在孕16-21天进行限制性应激,对照组不做任何处理。ELISA检测成年子代外周血血浆糖皮质激素,用旷场、高架十字迷宫、新物体识别及巴恩斯迷宫四种行为学评估成年子代认知功能,免疫组织化学、Western blot、RT-PCR 检测成年雄性子代海马HDAC2表达变化。结果母代孕期应激成年子代糖皮质激素升高,旷场与高架十字迷宫中表现出焦虑样行为,新物体识别与Barnes迷宫表现出学习记忆与空间记忆能力下降,海马HDAC2 mRNA和蛋白水平均下调。结论孕期应激对子代成年的认知功能损害可能与子代海马HDAC2的表达下调有关。     

浙西南山地蕨类植物区系研究

浙西南山地蕨类植物十分丰富,区系有46科99属396种(含变种及变型)组成。优势科是鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科、蹄盖蕨科、金星蕨科等;优势属是鳞毛蕨属、复叶耳蕨属、铁角蕨属、卷柏属、毛蕨属等。区系地理成分复杂,具有亚热带性质,但兼有亚热带向暖温带过渡的特征;区系起源古老,不乏古老的科、属及孑遗种;区系具有丰富的中国特有成分;该区系与邻近地区蕨类植物区系关系的密切程度依次为西南、华南、日本、华中、台湾、华北、西北、西藏和东北。     

夏季不同昼夜温度模式对广聚萤叶甲发育和繁殖的影响

本文旨在探明夏季不同昼夜温度模式对广聚萤叶甲发育及繁殖的影响。在实验室条件下,模拟了夏季常规的昼夜气温变化模式32℃±4℃、白天均温升高2℃及极端高温升高2℃,以恒温28℃为对照,研究上述温度模式对广聚萤叶甲的生长发育及繁殖动态的影响,并组建了广聚萤叶甲实验种群生命表。随日平均温度的增加,广聚萤叶甲卵的孵化率和幼虫存活率降低,发育历期缩短,成虫寿命及产卵量减少,但是对蛹的羽化率影响不大。白天均温升高2℃时,尽管广聚萤叶甲生殖力最低,但是其内禀增长率最高,种群加倍时间短。广聚萤叶甲能根据昼夜温度变化来改变生长发育特点以适应外环境界,通过缩短种群加倍时间来维持一定的种群数量。